Department of Education

Division of Negros Occidental

NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mathematics Department

Mathematics 9
Learning Activity Sheets #1
2nd QUARTER – WEEK 1

Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGH SCHOOL
MATHEMATICS 9
Learning Activity Sheet #1
2nd QUARTER

I. LEARNING COMPETENCY:
1. Illustrate situations that involve Direct Variation and Inverse
Variation. M9AL-IIa-1
2. Translate into variation statement a relationship between two
quantities given by: (a) a table of values; (b) a mathematical
equation; (c) a graph and vice versa.
M9AL-IIa-b-1
3. Solve problems involving Direct and Inverse Variation. M9AL-IIb-c-1

II. BACKGROUND
• Variation - is a relationship between two quantities (either
constants or variables) that change together in such a way that if
one of the quantities increases or decreases the other quantity will
also increase or decrease in a definite way. These two quantities
can be directly or inversely related.
There are four (4) types of variation namely, Direct, Inverse, Joint
and Combined Variation.
In this Learning Activity Sheet (LAS), we will focus on Direct and
Inverse Variation.
• Direct Variation (sometimes called as direct proportion)
➢ a relationship where both variables (x and y) increases or
decreases at the same time.
➢ a relationship between two variables x and y such that the ratio
(or quotient) of y to x is a constant.
➢ The value of 𝑦 varies directly with the value of 𝑥 if there exist a
𝒚
nonzero constant 𝒌 such that 𝒙 = 𝒌 or 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 where 𝒌 is
called the constant of variation or constant of proportionality

1
Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 ➢ Also, the value of 𝑦 varies directly as the power of 𝑥 if there
exist a nonzero real number 𝑘 such that 𝒚 = 𝒌
➢ Expressions like “y varies as x”, “y varies directly as x”, “y is
proportional to x”, “y is directly proportional to x” are all used
with the same meaning.
• Inverse Variation (sometimes called as indirect proportion)
➢ a relationship where one variable increases as the other
variable decreases.
➢ a relationship between two variables, x and y, such that no
matter how the values of x and y change, their product is
constant.
➢ The quantity 𝑦 varies inversely with 𝑥 if there exists a nonzero
𝒌
constant 𝑘 such that 𝒙𝒚 = 𝒌 or 𝒚 = 𝒙
where 𝒌 is called the constant of variation or constant of
proportionality
➢ Also, 𝑦 varies inversely as the nth power of 𝑥 if there exist a
𝒌
nonzero real number 𝑘 such that 𝒚 = 𝒙𝒏
➢ Terms like “y varies inversely as x” and “y is inversely
proportional to x” are used with the same meaning.

III. REFERENCES AND RESOURCES

Mathematics 9 Learner’s Module Unit 2
E – Math Worktext in Mathematics 9 pp.226-250
Hands-On, Minds-On Activities in Mathematics II
https://tinyurl.com/s2xkzurr
https://tinyurl.com/vwyzasbw

IV. ACTIVITY
A. Direct Variation
Situations that illustrate Direct Variation:
1. The speed of a car and the distance travelled in a certain
amount of time. (As the speed of the car increases the distance
travelled also increases.)
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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 2. The number of hours you work and the amount of your
paycheck. (The shorter the number of hours you work the
smaller is the amount in your paycheck.)
3. The area of a circle and the square of the length of its radius.
(The longer the radius of a circle the larger is the area.)
Direct Variation can be translated into table of values, equation,
graph, and variation statement.
Example #1: Suppose a worker earns Php 75.00 per hour for work done.
a. Prepare a table that shows the relationship between the
number of hours (x) and the total wage earned (y) for the first
8 hours.
b. Determine the equation that describes a relationship
between the number of hours worked and the amounts of
wages earned.
c. Draw the graph of the variation.
d. Translate the given situation into variation statement.

Solution for a:
# of hours (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Amount (y) 0 75 150 225 300 375 450 525 600
Notice that when the value of x increases, the value of y also increases

Solution for b:
# of hours (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Amount (y) 0 75 150 225 300 375 450 525 600
𝑦 75 150 225 300 375 450 525 600
Ratio
𝑥 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
𝑦 75 150
In each column, the ratio 𝑥 = 1 = 2 ⋯ is equal to 75.
Thus, 75 is the constant of the variation or constant of proportionality.

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 𝒚
From the definition of a direct variation, 𝒙 = 𝒌, and the constant
of the variation (k) is 75, then the equation of the variation is:
𝒚
= 𝟕𝟓 𝒐𝒓 𝒚 = 𝟕𝟓𝒙
𝒙

Solution for c: 700

Amount Earned in Peso

600 (8,600)

500
400
300
200
100
(1,75)
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Number of Hours
www.sparknotes.com>math

An equation in the form 𝒚 = 𝒌𝒙 can be thought of as an equation

of the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 where 𝑚 = 𝑘 and 𝑏 = 0. Thus, a direct
variation equation is an equation in slope-intercept form which passes
through (0,0) and has a slope equal to the constant of the variation.
Therefore, to graph a Direct Variation equation, start at (0,0) and then
proceed as you would in graphing a slope. Thus, the graph of a Direct
Variation is a line.

Solution for d:
Based on the table of values, equation and graph, the variation
statement would be:

• “The amount of wage earned (y) varies directly as the number of

hours for work done(x).”
• “y varies directly as x” or
• “y is directly proportional to x”

Example #2: y varies directly as x, such that when y = 21, x = 3.

Write an equation that expresses this variation and find y when x = 6.

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
Solution:
𝑦
Since y varies directly as x, then use = 𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
= 𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = equation for direct variation
𝑥 𝑥
21
𝑘= substitute the value of x and y
3
𝑘=7 simplify

Note: 7 is the constant of the variation

Thus, 𝑦 = 7𝑥

To find y when x = 6, use 𝑦 = 7𝑥

𝑦 = 7(6) substitute the value of x
𝑦 = 42 multiply 7 and 6

Answer: Y = 42 when x = 6

Example #3: A worker’s paycheck (P) varies directly as the number of

hours (h) worked. For working 16 hours, the payment is Php. 1,200.00.
Find the number of hours work to receive a Php. 3,000.00 payment.

Solution:
Since P and h are directly proportional, then use 𝑃 = 𝑘ℎ,
where k is the constant of the variation.
When ℎ = 16 hours, P = 1,200.00
𝑃
𝑘= ℎ use P and h instead of y and x
1200
𝑘= substitution
16
𝑘 = 75 simplify

Note: 75 is the constant of the variation

Thus, P = 75h

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 To find the number of hours work
P = 75h
3,000 = 75(h) substitute the given values
3000
=ℎ division property of equality
75
ℎ = 40 hours divide 3000 by 75

Answer: It would take 40 hours of work to receive a wage

payment of Php 3,000.00

Example #4: If A varies directly as the square of b, and A= 24 when b = 6,

find A when b = 21.

Solution:
The problem can be expressed as:
𝐴
𝑘 = 𝑏2 𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = 𝑘𝑏 2
24
𝑘= 62
24
𝑘= 36
𝟏
𝑘=𝟑 constant of the variation

1
Thus, 𝐴 = 3 𝑏 2

To find A when b = 21,

1
𝐴 = 𝑏2
3
1
𝐴 = 3 (21)2
1
𝐴 = 3 (21)(21)
𝐴 = 7(21)
𝐴 = 147

Answer: 𝐴 = 147, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑏 = 21

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 B. Inverse Variation
Situations that illustrate Inverse or Indirect Variation:
1. The time it takes to travel a certain distance and the speed of
the car. (The shorter the time spent to travel a certain distance
the higher is the speed of the car.)
2. The number of days in painting a house and the number of
workers. (The more workers the lesser is the number of days to
finish painting the house)
3. The number of people sharing a pizza is related to the size of
the slice each one gets. (The more people sharing a pizza the
smaller is the size of the slice a person gets.)

Inverse Variation can be translated into table of values, equation,

graph, and variation statement.

Example #5:
a. The table of values below, shows the entry of the width,
length, and area of a rectangle. Complete the table and see
what will happen to the length if the width increases.
Width (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length (l) 60 30
Area (A) 60 60 60 60 60 60
b. Determine the equation that describes a relationship
between the width and the length of a rectangle.
c. Draw the graph of the variation.
d. Translate the given situation in variation statement.

Solution for a:
Width (w) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Length (l) 60 30 20 15 12 10
Area (A) 60 60 60 60 60 60
In this case, the length decreases as the width increases and
the area is the constant of the variation (k) which is equal to 60.
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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
Solution for b:
The Area of a rectangle can be solve using the formula 𝐴 = 𝑙𝑤.
Take note that the 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 60, hence it is the constant of the
variation.

The equation of an Inverse variation

𝒌 𝑨
𝒌 = 𝒙𝒚 or 𝒚 = 𝒙 is the same as 𝑨 = 𝒍𝒘 𝑜𝑟 𝒍 = 𝒘

Thus, the equation of the given situation is

𝟔𝟎
𝑨 = 𝒘𝒍 𝑜𝑟 𝟔𝟎 = 𝒘𝒍 or 𝒍 = 𝒘

70
Solution for c:
60

50
Length in cm

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8
Width in cm

In Inverse Variation, the graph is a hyperbola. An Inverse Variation

hyperbola never passes through the origin, nor crosses the x and y axis.

Solution for d:
Based on the table of values, equation and graph the variation
statement would be:
• “The length of a rectangle (l ) varies inversely as its width(w).”
• “l varies inversely as w”
• “l is inversely proportional to w”

Example #6: If y varies inversely as x and y= 25 when x = 6, find y when

x = 15.
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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
Solution:
Using the definition of inverse variation, 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘.
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑘
(6)(25) = 𝑘 substitution
150 = 𝑘 simplify

Thus, 𝑥𝑦 = 150

Solving for y when x = 15

𝑥𝑦 = 150
(15)𝑦 = 150 substitution
150 𝑘
𝑦 = 15 using 𝑦 = 𝑥 for inverse variation
𝑦 = 10 simplify

Answer: 𝑦 = 10, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 15

Example #7: A journey takes 8 hours at 60 km/hr. How long will the
same journey take at 80 km/hr.?

Solution:
The problem asks for the length of time the same journey will take
at 80 km/hr. thus the problem can be solve using inverse variation
where distance is the constant of the variation.
Let: 𝑡 – be the number of hours,
𝑟 – the rate of the vehicle, and
𝑑 – the distance travelled

𝒓𝒕 = 𝒅 def. of inverse variation

(8 hours)(60 km/hr) = 𝑑 substitution
480 𝑘𝑚 = 𝑑 simplify

Thus, 𝒓𝒕 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝒎 ; 480 is the constant of the variation

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 Solving for 𝑡 at 𝑟 = 80 𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟
𝑟𝑡 = 𝑑 def. of inverse variation
(80𝑘𝑚/ℎ𝑟)(𝑡) = 480 𝑘𝑚 substitution
480
𝑡 = 80 hours division property of equality
𝑡 = 6 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 simplify

Answer: Therefore, it will take 6 hours to travel the same distance

at 80 km/hr.

Example #8: If y varies inversely as the square of x and y = 35 when x =

15, write an equation that describes the relationship between x and y.
Find y when x = 10.

Solution:
𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑘 def of inverse variation
(15)2 (35) = 𝑘 substitution
(225)(35) = 𝑘 simplify
7875 = 𝑘 simplify

Thus, 𝑘 = 7875 Note: 7875 is the constant of the variation

To solve for y when x = 10

(10)2 𝑦 = 7875 substitution
(100)𝑦 = 7875 simplifying
7875
𝑦 = 100 Division Property of Equality
𝑦 = 78.75 Simplify

Answer: 𝑦 = 78.75 when 𝑥 = 10

PRACTICE EXERCISES
(For Study and Review Purposes. DO NOT SUBMIT THE ANSWERS)
(Answer key is provided on page 14)

A. Indicate if the following situations illustrate a direct variation

or an inverse variation.
1. The age of a used car to its resale value.
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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 2. The time a teacher spends checking test papers to the number
of students.
3. The price per kilo of tomatoes and the number of kilos.
4. The number of pechay plant in a row to the spaces between
them.

B.
1. Translate the table of values into variation statement
Number of kilos of Onion (x) 1 2 3 4 5
Cost of Onions (y) 80 160 240 320 400

2. State the variation statement described by the graph.

14
12
10

y 8
6
4
2
x
0
0 2 4 6 8

3. Write the equation using k as the constant of the variation.

“The cost of electricity (C) varies directly as the number of
kilowatt-hour consumption (I).

C: Problem Solving
Find the value of k and solve the indicated variable in each of the
following.
1. If y varies directly as x and y = 24 when x = 6, find y when x = 8.
2. If y varies inversely as x and y = 10 when x = 20, find y when x = 5.
3. The number of days (d) needed to repair a house varies inversely
as the number of men (m) working. It takes 15 days for 2 men to
repair the house. How many men are needed to complete the job
in 6 days?

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 4. The shadow (s) of an object varies directly as its height (h). A man
1.8 m tall casts a shadow 4.32 m long. If at the same time a
flagpole casts a shadow 14.4 m long, how high is the flagpole?

V. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY
(For Study and Review Purposes. DO NOT SUBMIT THE
ANSWERS)(Answer key is provided on page 15)

Write the letter of the BEST answer in the answer sheet provided.
1. A relationship between two variables that increase or decrease at
the same time.
A. Both direct and inverse variation
B. Direct Variation
C. Inverse variation
D. Neither direct nor inverse variation

2. What is the graph of a direct variation?

A. Ellipse C. Line
B. Hyperbola D. Parabola

3. Which of the following does not describe a direct variation?

A. An employee salary to the number of days he has worked
B. The amount of gasoline used in a trip and the distance covered.
C. The total price and the number of kilos.
D. To balance a seesaw, the weight of the person and the distance
from the fulcrum.

4. Which is an example of a direct variation?

5
A. 𝑥𝑦 = 10 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥
5
B. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 D. 𝑥 = 𝑦

5. What is the equation of “y varies directly as the square of x?

A. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 C. 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 2
B. 𝑦 = 𝑘 2 𝑥 D. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
6. Which of the following has 5 as constant of variation?
𝑘
A. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 C. 5 = 𝑥
𝑥
B. 𝑦 = 𝑘(5) D. 𝑦 =
5

7. The constant of an inverse variation is the ____ of the two variables.

A. Difference C. Quotient
B. Product D. Sum

8. What is the graph of an inverse variation?

A. Curve C. Line
B. Hyperbola D. Parabola

9. Which tables of values described inverse variation?

I II
x 1 2 3 4 x 1 2 3 4
y 50 40 30 20 y 24 12 8 6
A. I only C. Both I and II
B. II only D. Neither I nor II

For numbers 10 and 11

“y varies inversely as x and y = 18 when x = 2

10. What is the value of the constant of the variation?

A. 6 C. 24
B. 9 D. 36

11. What is y when x = 4?

A. 2 C. 9
B. 6 D. 36

12. Suppose y varies directly as x if x is doubled what will happen to y?

A. y will remain the same C. y will be half the original value
B. y will be doubled D. y will be squared
13
Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
 13. What is the constant of the variation in the table below?
x 3 6 9 12 15
y 15 30 45 60 75
1
A. C. 5
3
1
B. D. 45
5

14. It takes 3 hours to cover a certain distance at 60 km/hr. How

long would it take to cover it at 40 km/hr.?
A. 1.5 hrs. C. 3.5 hrs.
B. 2.5 hrs. D. 4.5 hrs.

15. The electric current E (in amperes) of an electric circuit varies

directly as the voltage V. When 24 volts is applied, the electric
current is 8 amperes. Find the current when 12 volts is applied.
1
A. 4 amperes C. 3 amperes
1
B. amperes D. 4 amperes
3

VI. ANSWER KEY

PRACTICE EXERCISES:
A. 1. Inverse variation 3. Direct variation
2. Direct Variation 3. Inverse Variation
B. 1. The cost of onions is directly proportional to the number of
kilos bought or “y varies directly as x”
2. y varies inversely as x.
3. 𝐶 = 𝑘𝐼
C. 1. 𝑘 = 4 ; 𝑦 = 32
1. 𝑘 = 200 ; 𝑦 = 40
2. Since the problem is an inverse variation then use 𝑑𝑚 = 𝑘
𝑘 = 30 ; 𝑚 = 5
3. Since the problem is a direct variation, use 𝑠 = 𝑘ℎ
𝑘 = 2.4 ; 𝑚 = 6
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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY:

1. B 6. A 11. D
2. C 7. B 12. B
3. D 8. B 13. C
4. B 9. B 14. D
5. C 10. B 15. D

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Writer:
JUANITA C. GALLEGO, MT1, NOHS