Super Nova:

Nebulae are giant clouds of gas and dust that are the birthplace of stars. They are typically found in the spiral arms of galaxies, where the density of gas is high
enough for stars to form. When a nebula is disturbed by a shockwave from a supernova or the passage of a giant star, the gas and dust can begin to collapse under
their own gravity. This collapse forms a protostar, a hot, dense core that will eventually become a star.

Page 1 : A star is a very large ball of bright, glowing, hot matter in space. That matter is called plasma. Stars are held together by gravity. They emit light because they
are very hot. The Sun is an example of a star.

Page 4: A red giant forms after a star has run out of hydrogen fuel for nuclear fusion, and has begun the process of dying.
A star maintains its stability through a fine balance between its own gravity, which holds it together. Once a star’s core runs out of hydrogen that state of equilibrium is
lost and the core begins to collapse. As the core collapses, the shell of plasma surrounding the core becomes hot enough to begin fusing hydrogen itself. As fusion in
this shell begins, the extra heat causes the outer layers of the star to expand dramatically, and the surface extends up to several hundred times beyond the former size
of the star.

Page 5:
If a red giant has insufficient mass to generate the core temperatures required to fuse carbon (around 1 billion K), an inert mass of carbon and oxygen will build up at
its center. After such a star sheds its outer layers and forms a planetary nebula, it will leave behind a core, which is the remnant white dwarf.
A white dwarf is just pure heat and light it does not have any other fate other to be a black dwarf. The mass of a white dwarf is around the mass of as low 0.17 M Suns
and as high as 1.33 M Suns.

Page 6: A black dwarf is a theoretical stellar remnant, specifically a white dwarf that has cooled sufficiently to no longer emit significant heat or light. Because the
time required for a white dwarf to reach this state is calculated to be longer than the current age of the universe (13.8 billion years), no black dwarfs are expected to
exist in the universe at the present time. The temperature of the coolest white dwarfs is one observational limit on the universe's age. The name "black dwarf" has
also been applied to hypothetical late-stage cooled brown dwarfs – substellar objects with insufficient mass

Let’s see the other hand of what could happen to a Main Sequence Star.
If a Star was massive it would first become Red Supergiant which you guessed it is just a Red Supergiant but massive. They then explode into a Supernova which when
the remanent is cleared we can see a Neutron Star. Or if a the Star was humongous the Supernova would collapse onto itself to form a Black Hole.

Page 7: Super Nova:

Nebulae are giant clouds of gas and dust that are the birthplace of stars. They are typically found in the spiral arms of galaxies, where the density of gas is high
enough for stars to form. When a nebula is disturbed by a shockwave from a supernova or the passage of a giant star, the gas and dust can begin to collapse under
their own gravity. This collapse forms a protostar, a hot, dense core that will eventually become a star.
Page 8: Neutron stars are formed when a massive star runs out of fuel to form a Red Supergiant which explodes to form a Supernova and then due to gravity and other
complicated conditions forms a pulsar spinning very fast which when run out of speed create a neutron star. The very central region of the star – the core – collapses,
crushing together every proton and electron into a neutron. The neutron star if collided with another neutron star might form a bigger neutron star or a black hole.

Page 9: A black is formed when a star of colossal size forms a Red Supergiant which forms a Supernova which because of the high gravity and huge mass collapses on
itself to form a black hole. A black hole is a region of space-time from which nothing, not even light, can escape. This sphere is called the event horizon. A black hole
is black because it absorbs all the light that hits it.