WORKSHEET FOR PRIMARY VS.
SECONDARY SOURCES ON THE TEJEROS CONVENTION (1897)
Name:
Primary Source: Santiago Alvarez’ Memoirs Secondary Source: Teodoro
Author’s Background
When was the account written?
(Context)
of a General Agoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses
 Born on July 25, 1872 and died on
October 30. 1930
 A Revolutionary General and a
founder and honorary President of
the first directorate of the
Nacionalista Party.
 Also known as Kidlat ng Apoy or
General Apoy.
 One of the most famous heroes of
the war of independence against
Spain (1896-1898).
 First published during the 1920’s in
Sampaguita, a Tagalog weekly, the
memoirs are reproduced in this
volume together with the English
translation by Paula Carolina Malay.
 The account was written in 1927.
 Without denigrating the dignity or
glory of the Revolution, this book
 Born on November 9, 1912 and
died on January 14, 1985.
 One of the pre-eminent Filipino
historians of the 20th century.
 He was also an essayist and
a poet and is considered one of
the most important historians of
our time.
 In 1985 Agoncillo was included
in the roster of the Order of
National Scientists by President
Ferdinand E. Marcos for his
contributions to Philippine
History. His notable works
include The History of the
Filipino People; Malolos: The
Crisis of the Republic; The
Writings and Trials of Bonifacio;
and Revolt of the Masses.
 It was first published as a
series of articles in the
newspaper El Sol in 1929, and
as a book in 1930.
 It was finally written in 1947 in
order to hook the present onto
the past.
 gives an account of the successes as
well as failures, and bravery as well
as brutality of the war, providing raw
material for recreating this aspect of
the Filipino past.
 March 25, 1897: Time when the
Mention of Date/s assembly or the Tejeros Convention
started.
 March 27, 1897: There was an
eyewitness reported that a meeting of
the Magdalo members took place at
the Tanza parish house.
Mention of Place/s  San Fransisco de Malabon, Cavite:
Where the meeting held between the
faction of Magdiwang and Magdalo.
 Tanza parish house: Where the
Magdalo members held their
meeting.
 Middle of December 1896:
Bonifacio together with his
family left in mountain of
Montalban for Cavite.
 January 2, 1897: Bonifacio
wrote a letter to his uncle-in-
law, Mariano Alvarez.
 April 1897: Spaniards captured
the town.
 January 1897: Town fiesta of
San Fransisco de Malabon.
 March 22, 1897: Bonifacio’s
birthday at the same time a
battle with Spanish soldiers
happened in Salitran and also
the Tejeros Convention was
convened.
 Batangas: under the Magdalo
government.
 Nasugbu, Tuwi & Look: under
the Magdiwang government
 Moutains of Montalban and
Mariquina: Delegate was sent
here to look for the Supremo.
 Cavite: A place where
Bonifacio went after he left in
Mountains of Montalba.
Key Personalities Magdiwang Faction Magdiwang Faction

 Andres Bonifacio – President  Andres Bonifacio

 Pascual Álvarez - Minister of the Interior
 Ariston Villanueva - Minister of War
 Mariano Trías - Minister of Welfare and
Justice
 Emiliano Riego de Dios - Minister of
Economic Development
 Diego Mojica - Minister of Finance
 Santiago V. Álvarez - Captain General
 Artemio Ricarte - Assistant Captain
General
 Mariano Riego de Dios - General, Cavite
Division
 Jacinto Lumbreras – Member
 Santos Nocon
 Pablo Mojica
 Santiago Rillo
Magdalo Faction
 Baldomero Aguinaldo - President.
 Daniel Tirona
 Cayetano Topacio - Secretary of
Finance.
 Antonio Montenegro
 Mr. Jose del Rosario – Lawyer
 General Vibora
 Mariano Alvarez – President
 Pascual Alvarez – Executive
Secretary
 Emiliano R. de Dios – Minister of
the Interior
 Mariano Trias – Minister of Grace
and Justice
 Ariston Villanueva – Minister of
War
 Santiago Alvarez – Commander-
in-Chief
 Diego Moxica – Minister of
Finance
 Artemio Recarte & Mariano R. de
Dios – Military Commanders with
the rank of Brigadier General
 Captain Mariano San Gabriel
 Luciano San Miguel
 Severino de las Alas
 Santos Nocon
 Jacinto Lumbreras
Magdalo Faction
 Baldomero Aguinaldo – President
 Candido Tirona – Minister of War
 Cayetano Topacio – Minister of
Finance
  Emilio Aguinaldo – Commander-
in-Chief
 Edilberto Evangelista – Lieutenant
General
 Vito Belarmino & Crispulo
Aguinaldo – Military Commanders
with the rank of Brigadier General

Sequencing of Events  The assembly at Tejeros was  Magdalo and Magdiwang

convened on March 25, 1897 and reorganized the territories
Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras is the under each faction.
one who presided it.  Each faction proceed with the
 After the declaration of the opening of election to take the reign of its
assembly, Chairman Jacinto government.
Lumbreras announced the main topic  Magdalo and Magdiwang
which was how to bolster the having silently conflict over the
defences in the areas still under Cavite with both do not want to
Magdiwang control. be rule this place by others.
 Severino de las Alas imposed that  Magdiwang parties invite
the major issues is the first one to Bonifacio to visit the Katipunan
discuss before other such as what in Cavite but he refuses to
form of government the Katipunan come. When the third
should have and how are they going invitations arrived, he decided
to establish it. then to come.
 There was a discussion whether to  Bonifacio left for Cavite
change the form of government that together with his family and
they already had or not. brought by the rebel leaders to
 Mr. Severino de las Alas countered the house of Juan Castaneda
the explanation of Chairman of Imus and there he saw
Lumbreras about the “K” in the Fernandez, ordered his arrest
middle of the sun in Katipunan flag. for promising and did not carry
 The chairmanship of the meeting was it out.
transferred to Supremo Andres  Bonifacio sent a letter to
 Bonifacio and continue with the
election of officials.
 Mr. Baldomero Aguinado wanted to
early finish the elections before it will
reach dark.
 A conflict between Andres Bonifacio
and Daniel Tirona arose after
Bonifacio had won the position for
Secretary of the Interior. Tirona is
against of Bonifacio being elected on
that position since he is not a lawyer.
 Supremo Andres Bonifacio declared
that their meeting was null and void
and left quickly, which ended the
Tejeros Convention.
 Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo convinced
the Magdiwang leaders to reconvene
the disrupted meeting and
Magdiwang faction agreed with it.
 A meeting reconvention was happen
and none of the members of Magdalo
showed up because they organized a
meeting on their own where they
elected for the officials without those
elected from the Magdiwang.
Mariano stating there what
exactly happened at that
encounter.
 Esteban San Juan invited
Bonifacio in Noveleta and
people gladly welcome
Bonifacio with a parade when
he entered the cities.
 Misunderstanding arose
between the Magdalo and
Magdiwang faction which called
for a convention in Imus. The
assembly adjourned without
agreement happened as what
would be the kind of
government that they would
establish and if there is really a
need for the new election.
 The Magdiwang leaders
planned for another convention
in Tejeros which happened on
March 22, 1897. Jacinto
Lumbreras took the lead of the
meeting.
 Severino de las Alas talked that
the important matters will be
first discuss such as what type
of Government that Katipunan
should have before other
discussions.
 A debate between each faction
whether to change the current
government that they
 established.
 As the assembly continue,
Bonifacio took the
chairmanship as Lumbreras
transferred it to him.
 Bonifacio granted the petition
for a new form of government.
An election was held to select
the new officials who will
govern the Republic of the
Philippines. He told that
whoever would be elected
should be recognized and
respected regardless of the
status of his life.
 A conflict between Bonifacio
and Daniel Tirona formed after
Bonifacio won the position for
Director of Interior. Tirona was
against from the initial
agreement regarding the
majority votes which humiliated
Bonifacio.
 Andres Bonifacio declared the
assembly null and void which
ended the Tejeros Convention.
 Bonifacio wrote a letter to his
uncle-in-law, Mariano Alvarez
and expressing his despair for
not attaining the presidency
and also wrote a letter sharing
his feelings to his friend, Emilio
Jacinto.
DIFFERENCES between the  Written by an eyewitness who is
two accounts present on the event.
 Most likely direct to the point.
 Focusing on the important
happenings during the convention.
 Tejeros Convention began on March
25, 1897.
 The account started to discuss the
beginning of the Tejeros Convention.
 Didn’t really specified the names of
nominees.
 Enumerated 6 available positions for
the election of the officials.
 Didn’t mentioned that Bonifacio sent
a letter to his uncle-in-law, Mariano
Alvarez and to his friend Emilio
Jacinto.
 The text ended with the oath-taking
ceremony of the elected officials.
 Written by another person
based on many sources and is
not present on the event.
 Using flowery words which
makes the documents prosier.
 All happenings including the
less and more important was
detailed.
 Tejeros Convention began on
March 22, 1897.
 Mentioned some events before
discussing the beginning of the
Tejeros Convention.
 Has able to specify the names
of nominees.
 Enumerated 9 available
positions for the election of the
officials.
 Mentioned that Bonifacio wrote
2 letters, one is for his uncle-in-
law, Mariano Alvarez and the
other one is for his friend Emilio
Aguinaldo.
 The text ended with the
election of officials that
happened at Tejeros.
YOUR OWN ANALYSIS of the  It is more precise since the author is
differences between the two present in the event so that it is more
accounts convincing.
 Mainly discusses the event that
happened in Tejeros Convention.
 Tejeros Convention began on March
25, 1897. I think this is more
conclusive since the author had
experienced what he has wrote and
he is sure that the Tejeros
Convention was began on that time.
 It is written by the person who
personally experienced and present
on the time of the event so that he
really knows what happened on that
time, the exact time and date where
certain situations happened since he
witnesses all the happenings with his
own eyes.
 It is interesting however the
author used so many flowery
words that makes the account
long that may seem boring to
read.
 A lot of event mentioned that
may also considered less
relevant since the very focus of
this account is about the
Tejeros Convention.
 Since it is a secondary source,
the author may have different
sources and not able to correct
the date of the Tejeros
Convention that began on
March 22, 1897 based on his
account.
 The author were just relying on
the sources where he took the
information since he didn’t
personally experienced or
eyewitness all the events
occurred during that time. He
can’t certainly tell that this
event happened this time or in
this place because he is not
present there.