ورشه


‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
163
163   
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ?
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
163   
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE105
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
163   
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 K% 80‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K6W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
 
-1-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ % 99.9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Hard ‫א‬‫א‬،E Soft TubingF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E1-1F‫א‬drawn tubing)
‫א‬  ‫א‬    E  30.48 ، 15.24، 7.62F  100  50  25 ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   E  6F   20 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKF‫ א‬-1
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ELF‫ א‬-2
‫א‬    E ‫א‬     F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EMF ‫ א‬-3
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EACRF‫ א‬-4
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 1 1 1
, , ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 5 , 1 , 3 , 5 , 1
8 16 32 8 2 8 16 4
 
-2-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1-1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2-1‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E2-1F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E3-1F
-3-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE1F
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 5 , 1 , 3 , 5 , 1 ‫א‬K1
8 2 8 16 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬KE3-1‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬
-4-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Tubes Handling Tools
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4-1‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E4-1F
-5-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، W ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ، E5-1 ‫א‬  F ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E5-1F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE6-1‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬ -1
K‫א‬ -2
K -3
K‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬‫א‬ -5
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-6-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E6-1F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
16
1
 KE7-1‫א‬F
2
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7-1F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
K8-1‫א‬
 
-7-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬E8-1F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4 J1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-8-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Measurement Instruments‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KKK‫א‬
 
 ETest Manifold)‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E9-1F
??‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬E9-1F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-1F
‫א‬EDF ،‫א‬ECF،EBF،‫א‬EAFW،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EHF،EGF،EFF،‫א‬EEF،‫א‬
-9-
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-1F
 (Multi meter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11-1F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E11-1F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- 10 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Digital Clamp meter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ Digital Clamp meter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-1F
K‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬‫א‬ (L3, L2, L1, N, L)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-1F
 
 EVacuum PumpF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13-1F
 
 ‫א‬E13-1F
- 11 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(Charging Cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E14-1F  
  K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14-1F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 12 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
1- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. “ Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and
Refrigeration. ITP 1996.
2- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. “ Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning” Goodheart-
Wilcox.
3- Holman, J. P. " Experimental methods for engineers" McGraw-Hill, 5th ed. 1989.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ J4
K1419‫א‬
 
- 13 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K % 75 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
12 :‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
K‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 14 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬K1
‫ א‬K2
‫א‬ K3
‫ א‬K4
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EE1-2FF
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 15 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1-2F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- 16 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F
:‫اﻟﻬﺪف‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
 ‫ א‬K5
 EReciprocating CompressorsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EOpenFK3 ESemi- hermeticFK2  EHermeticFK1
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
- 17 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E2-2F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3-2F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E3-2F
- 18 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E4-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Coupling)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 E4-2F
(Rotary Compressors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EScrew Compressors) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
70-F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2400 kW
 ECentrifugal CompressorsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Scroll Compressors:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 19 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE1 J2F
- 20 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 
 (Air- Cooled Condensers)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE6-2F،E5-2F‫א‬
- 21 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E5-2F
 
 
 ‫א‬E6-2F
 
 EWater- Cooled CondensersF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 Double pipe‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
Shell and tube‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
Shell and coil‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 Plate ‫א‬‫ א‬K4
- 22 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 (Evaporative Condensers)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE7-2FF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E7-2F
 
 
 
- 23 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Capillary Tube)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 6 J1F‫א‬E8-2F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2 J0.5F
10 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EkW
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬KCompressor‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E8-2F
 
 
- 24 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 (Automatic Expansion Valve)‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E9-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Evaporator‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،Evaporator
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E9-2F
 
 (Thermostatic Expansion Valve)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ESuperheatF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE10-2FF‫א‬
- 25 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10-2F
 
(Electronic Expansion Valve) ‫א‬‫א‬
E11-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Stepper motor) ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬  (Piston) ‫א‬ (Lead Screw) ‫א‬  (Orifice) ‫א‬
 .(Orifice Assembly) (‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Microprocessor) ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ (Transducer)
‫א‬ (Stepper motor)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E11-2F
- 26 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 (Air cooler Evaporators)‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E12-2F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E12-2F
 (Liquid Cooler Evaporators)‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 27 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EContactorF‫א‬‫ א‬K1
ERelaysF‫ א‬K2
ECapacitorsF‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE13-2F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE13-2F
 
 
- 28 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Stator ‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E14-2F‫א‬‫א‬Windings‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
N  
 
 
S S  
 
 
N
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E14-2F
 
 Rotor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Laminations‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬bearings‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Single Phase Motors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Induction Motor
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Parallel)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Self-starting)
‫א‬ (Series)‫א‬‫א‬ (Centrifugal switch) 
Split Phase‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Wire)KE15-3F‫א‬
،(Low inductance)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 29 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬K(High inductance)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
30‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Lags)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
70%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(Rotating Field)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Relay‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
37 kW- ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE16-3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . 230 V 115 V 0.25 kW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،30‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬(Overload)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE15-3F‫א‬
‫א‬.S R ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.SR‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R   ‫א‬
KE15-2F
- 30 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E15-2F
 
 
 E16-2F
  Capacitor Start Motor
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Identical) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
Capacitor ‫א‬‫א‬KE17-2F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Lags)‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Phase ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(High inductance)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬displacement
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Two phase ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .230 V 115 V 125 kW- 0. 6 kW‫א‬‫א‬
- 31 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
SC
L
 
 E17-2F
 
 Capacitor Run Motor
R  ‫א‬‫א‬S , R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(Overload)  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 S R‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬
 KEE18-2F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E18-2F
- 32 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Capacitor Start and Run Motor

E  F‫א‬‫א‬(Identical) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE19-2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، Power Factor‫א‬
 K
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬ N ‫א‬‫א‬
 KL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ C ‫א‬(Overload)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E19-2F
  Multi-speed Motor‫א‬
- 33 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 W
KE20-2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬A, B, C ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬،(Wiring Diagram)
K‫א‬‫א‬ A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ B ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E20 J2F
 
- 34 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Insulation Resistance Test‫א‬
‫א‬(Megger)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬KE21-2F‫א‬
K(M Ohm)20‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1000 V 500 V‫א‬(Voltage)
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (Metal body)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(Neutral)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬KE21-2F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬(1 M Ohm)‫א‬‫א‬
 Megger‫א‬‫א‬E21-2F
 
- 35 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Relay‫א‬
Current Relay ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
 ‫א‬،E22 J2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬s‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
(Electro  EMF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ s‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Stator‫א‬‫א‬Motive Force)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(s)‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KRunning Winding‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E22 J2F
Potential Relay ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E23 J2F
Start  ‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2-1‫א‬‫א‬
  .Capacitor (SC)
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬5-2‫א‬
‫א‬ S‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬S‫א‬
5-2‫א‬ ‫א‬E150 %F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬S‫א‬2-1
‫א‬‫א‬ Single phase‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- 36 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
SC
 
 ‫א‬E23 J2F
 
Overload‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E24 J2F
 
 (capacitors)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 37 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬E25 J2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E%75F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E25 J2F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬(5)
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬ K3
- 38 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ThermostatE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E26 J2F
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- 39 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE6F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K K1
K ‫א‬‫א‬ K2
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
KE‫؟‬
 EContactorF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬E27-2F‫א‬‫א‬
 K (Spring)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (A1, A2) ‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
A1 A2


  A1 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E27-2F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A1, A2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E28-2F‫א‬‫א‬
- 40 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE28 J2F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E29 J2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE29 J2F
 
 
 
 
 
- 41 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
1- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. “ Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air
Conditioning, and Refrigeration. ITP 1996.
2- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. “Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”
Goodheart-Wilcox.
3- Trott A.R. and Welch T.C. “ Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 3 rd
Edition, Butterworths 2000
4- ASHRAE “Fundamentals” , 1997
5- Dossat, R.J. “Principles of Refrigeration”, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬‫א‬ J6

 K1418‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- 42 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
K % 75 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 :‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 43 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE1F
 
‫א‬‫א‬:(Non-Return Valve) ‫א‬ K1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E1-3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Solenoid Valve) 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1-3F
- 44 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬W(Relief Valves) ‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(Shut-Off Valves)  ‫א‬ K4

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬:(Filter/Driers) ‫א‬L‫ א‬K5

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E2-3F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬L‫א‬E2-3F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Strainers) ‫ א‬K6

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 45 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3-3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫ א‬K7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Turbulence) ‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬E3-3F
- 46 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Receiver)  ‫א‬‫א‬ K8
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E4-3F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E4-3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Suction accumulator)  ‫א‬‫א‬ K9

‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(Oil separator) ‫א‬ K10

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E5-3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 47 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 E5-3F
E6-3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Sight glass) ‫א‬ K11
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



  ‫א‬
‫א‬E6-3F
- 48 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   W ‫א‬  K12
W‫א‬
‫א‬WEvaporator pressure regulator ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WCrankcase pressure regulator ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   
K‫א‬
‫א‬WCondenser pressure regulator ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 49 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?K J1
 K1989‫א‬
 K1986 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J?‫א‬?K J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K1418‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
- 50 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEFlareF •
K‫א‬ •
 
 K%75‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K15W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K •
K •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- 51 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Cutting, Cleaning & Reaming of Copper tubes
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،   ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬،
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬ -1
K‫א‬‫א‬ -2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
    ¼  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     -5
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
E1-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬E1-4F
- 52 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W
 E ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  F       
  ‫א‬     KE2-4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2-4F
 
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E3- 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
- 53 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3-4F
 
‫א‬‫א‬E4-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E4-4F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬    E  1 F    ‫א‬     W 
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE5-4‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬
- 54 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬E5-4F
 
 ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
KE6-4‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6-4F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W
 KE7-4‫א‬F
- 55 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7-4F
 K‫א‬WE2F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  º45‫א‬ 
       ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K (Reducers)‫א‬‫א‬
KE8-4 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 56 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8-4F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE9-4 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9-4F
 
- 57 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 WE1F
 
‫ א‬ º45‫א‬E10-4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬(10-4)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،25¼،،،
 K¼‫א‬،¼
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K25¼ .1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .2
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ .3
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .4
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬     
KE11-4 ‫א‬F
- 58 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬E11-4F
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      .5
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .6
K‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    .7
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .8
KE12-4‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-4F
 
- 59 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .(13-4‫א‬F
 
 E13-4F
- 60 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KWE2F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3
،‫א‬،15 ،‫א‬
8
 K،،
 W‫א‬‫א‬
3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ 15 -1
8
 K
KE14-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14-4F
 
 
- 61 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-3
 KE15-4‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -4
KE16-4‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-5
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E15-4F
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  -6
 KE17-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E16-4F
 
- 62 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E17-4F
- 63 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE3F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
 K ، 
8 8
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K 3/8E 30.48F‫א‬ -1
 E18-4 ‫א‬F  ‫א‬    º45 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬E‫ ﺳﻢ‬6.7F3‫א‬
o
45
 
 45‫א‬E18-4F
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 K‫א‬‫א‬E19-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -3
- 64 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E19-4F
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬          -4
‫א‬‫א‬FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE19-4
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬º45‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -5
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-6
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º90‫א‬WE4F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3
 ، ‫א‬‫א‬
8 8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEº180 JF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E90 – R - 45-F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ º90‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ º90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 65 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 º45‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬45‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E 9.5F3/8E30.48F‫א‬ -1
º
‫א‬E20-4‫א‬‫א‬F 90‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E 76.2F3
o
90
 
 90‫א‬E20-4F
 
‫א‬ 3‫א‬‫א‬E21-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-2
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E21-4F
 
- 66 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
KE22-4F‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ERF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬ERF
 K‫א‬45
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E22-4F
KE23-4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -3
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E23-4F
 
 
- 67 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ -4
KE16-2 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  90 ‫א‬  EF ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫ א‬-5
 KE24-4‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬E24-4F
 WE5F
 
3
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،5  J
8
5
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،5  J
16
 
- 68 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 Refrigeration. ITP 1996.
2- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. “ Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning” Goodheart-
 Wilcox.
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K1419‫א‬
- 69 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
5
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬: ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 -W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ •
.‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K% 80‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 15W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬
‫א‬ / ‫א‬ •  ‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •  ‫א‬‫א‬ •
DIN 1913 E51 22 RR 6, Φ = 3.25 mm  •  EF  •
ST 37 6 x 100 x 200 mm  •  EF  •
ST 37 6 x 100 x 200 mm  •   •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 70 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 71 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 72 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- 73 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J13
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J14
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J15
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J17
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J18
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J19
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
 1000‫א‬ J20
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬! ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J21
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J22
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 74 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K150
E1-5FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E1-5F
  O2  ‫א‬‫א‬
  J–‫א‬  ‫א‬
 40  ‫א‬
 150  ‫א‬‫א‬
 6000  ‫א‬‫א‬
 1600  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 200  ‫א‬‫א‬
  8.75  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  O2  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 75 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Ca C 2 + 2 H 2 O → C 2 H 2 ↑ + Ca (OH) 2
 W
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬WCaC2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬W C2H2
 ‫א‬WCa (OH) 2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20-15
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E‫א‬25‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
1000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L
‫א‬‫א‬FKK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE22‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E2-5F
- 76 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬E2-5F
 C2H2  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J  ‫א‬
 40  ‫א‬
 15  ‫א‬‫א‬
 6000  G‫א‬‫א‬
 1500  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 200  ‫א‬‫א‬
 16  ‫א‬
  8.75  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 6000 = 16 x 25 x 15 bar ‫א‬‫א‬ G

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J3
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE2-5FE1-5F
 W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K
‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 KE4‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J6
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
- 77 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬E2-5F  ‫א‬‫א‬E1-5F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K150‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬(Right-hand threads) 
(Left- hand threads) 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E3-5F‫א‬ .
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬W
‫א‬E3-5F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E3-5F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
kPaG  PSIG
 70 J35  10 J5  ‫א‬
 35 J20  5 J3  ‫א‬
- 78 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 (Acetylene)‫א‬(Oxygen)‫א‬E3-5F
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Snifting) ‫א‬ J1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (E4-5F
K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،  
 ‫א‬‫( א‬Gasket) ‫א‬‫א‬ J2
.
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
E3-5F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(Flashback arrestors)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5-5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- 79 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4-5FK
 
 
 (flashback arrestors)‫א‬‫א‬E5-5F
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
- 80 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 WE6-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E4F،E  ‫א‬F‫א‬E2F{‫א‬E1F
 ‫א‬F‫א‬E3F،E
E6F‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E7F،‫א‬E5F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E6-5F
- 81 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
‫א‬E7-5F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 30mm – 0.5mm‫א‬
 
 K 30mm – 0.5mm‫א‬‫א‬E7-5F
 WE8-5F‫א‬
E5F،‫א‬E4F،E3F{
 ‫א‬E2F،‫א‬‫א‬ E1F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬E8-5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE9-5F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:9–6
- 82 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : 2.5 at
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
1:1‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : 950l
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ : 5
 
 ‫א‬E9-5F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 E‫א‬F ‫א‬ J
KE ‫א‬F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬450
‫א‬‫א‬E4-5F700‫א‬‫א‬
.%50%5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6-5FE5-5F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
- 83 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4-5F
 50  50  50  50  50
 50  50  50  50  50
 50  50  50  50  50
50 J 50 J 50 J 50 J 50 J
 50  50  50  50  50
 50  50  50  50  50
 ‫א‬‫א‬E5-5F
‫א‬
 oC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
oC‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 850-1200   910
 F – SH 2  L-Cu Ni10Zn42
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 950 J700   900 L-Cu Zn 39 Sn
 F – SH 2
 L-Cu Zn 40
 20% Ag 
 
500 - 800   840  L – Ag 27
 F – SH 1
 
  ‫א‬   810  L – Ag 20
 ‫א‬  


  ‫א‬  750  L – Ag 20 Cd
 
 ‫א‬
  J20% Ag 
 
 750 J550  710  L - Ag 2P
   
- 84 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 750 J550  610  L - Ag 40 Cd
 F – SH 1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 560   590  L - A1 S1 12
 F – SH 1
 K‫א‬450oC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬450oC‫א‬‫א‬
 ZF  ZF
  - L   - S
 ZH  ZH
 EoC800 J550F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F – SH 1
 EoC1100 J750F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F – SH 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F – LH
 Cu Zn 37 F38‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6-5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
oC‫א‬ oC‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ L-Cu Zn 39
‫א‬ F SH 2
‫א‬‫א‬ Sn
‫א‬  700 – 950  900 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
   
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  L-Cu Zn 40
‫א‬‫א‬
oC‫א‬   900 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 400  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
- 85 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ L-Cu Zn 39
‫א‬‫א‬    900 Sn
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬
‫א‬  L-Cu Zn 40
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   900 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  L-Ag 2p
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 710 
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬ F-SH 1
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ oC750 J550
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ F-SH 1‫א‬
L-Ag 40 Cd
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 610 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ Al, Ni , Cu, Fe-
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  Ag
 ‫א‬ oC800 J500

L-Ag 40 Cd
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   610
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
- 86 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J8
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE10-5F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬ J5
 KEF‫א‬ J6
 K J7
 K‫א‬ J8
 K0.5 kg J9
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 K0.5-9 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J11
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F J13
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J14
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J15
 K J16
(StoolF J17
- 87 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E10-5F
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،E2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11-5F‫א‬
 KE3F ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬E11-5F
 
1200‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 2100‫א‬‫א‬3200‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE12-5F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- 88 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  oC2100   oC3200  oC1200
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E12-5F
 ‫א‬
 KE13-5F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE13-5F
- 89 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 (Right-hand threads)  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KEE14-5F‫א‬FK(Left-hand threads)‫א‬
‫א‬E14-5F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J6
 K‫א‬(Flashback arrestors)‫א‬‫א‬ J7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 90 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 KEE14-5F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 
 ‫א‬E15-5F
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J11
EE16-5F‫א‬FK ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E16-5F
E17-5F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1PSIG E ‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K0PSIGE‫א‬F‫א‬
- 91 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E17-5F
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J13
 KEE18-5F‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E18-5F
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE19-5FF
 
‫א‬‫א‬E19-5)
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J15
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E8L1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE3-5F
- 92 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE20-5F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
EF E F
 ‫א‬ J،‫א‬ J(20-5F
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J16
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J17
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J18
‫א‬FE8L1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J19
 K(Striker)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE22-521-5‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬(22-5)‫ א‬‫א‬ (21-5)‫א‬
‫א‬  E8L1F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J20
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE3.2‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 93 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ EE23-5F‫א‬F  ‫א‬
 K،
 K،‫א‬W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E23-5F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 94 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 (E24-5F‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Tube cleaner)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 (‫)ب‬
 (‫)أ‬
 (‫)ج‬  (‫)د‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E24-5F
- 95 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 E2F
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬E25-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
  .T (Tee) ‫א‬‫א‬E2F E1F‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 .E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬65‫א‬ J7
 
 
E1F
 
E1F
 
 
 
 
 
E2F  E2 F
 
 
 E2FE25-5F
- 96 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 E3F
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬T (Tee) ‫א‬‫א‬E3F‫א‬ J1
 KE26-5F
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 E1 F
  
E3F   
 
E3F
 
 
 E2F  
E2F
 
 
 E3FE26-5F
- 97 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 5015‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
 30060‫א‬
‫א‬،1000‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE27-5F
 
 ‫א‬E27-5F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 KE28-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E28-5F
- 98 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J1
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE28-5F‫א‬FK‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬ 
 
‫اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬-3
- 99 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
BS639DIN 1913
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
E 51 44BB [130 3 1 H]
 KE J3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7-5FE29-5F
 
 ‫א‬E29-5F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E7-5F
 E‫א‬F‫א‬  (mm) ‫א‬
- 100 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
40 – 65  2
70 – 95 2.5
90 – 130 3.25
140 – 180 4.0
160 240 5.0
 220 - 300  6.0
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Slope angle) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(30-5)(Tilt angle)
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(30-5)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W ‫א‬ J4

KEE27-5FF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J5
- 101 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J6
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E31-5F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J7  K‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J8  K J2
 
 K‫א‬ J9  K J3
 
 K‫א‬ J10  K J4
 
 K J11  K J5
 
 (Stool) J12  ‫א‬ J6
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E31-5F
- 102 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،3600E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K4200
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE30-5‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 E32-3‫א‬‫א‬FK‫א‬
- 103 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E32-5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 
 
 
- 104 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E4F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 KE33-5F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
6 mm
 
 
65 o  
 
o
40
 
50 mm
 
6
200 mm  
 
100 mm
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E33-3F
 
- 105 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬E -5F
 
- 106 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
1- Smith, B. D. “ Welding Practice “ Arnold 1996K
3- Althouse, A. D. and et al. "Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning", Goodheart-
Wilcox (2000)
 K1977‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬? J4
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J5
K1422L1421‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬ J6
K1419‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
- 107 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


6
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K % 80 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
12 :‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 108 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 –––
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- 109 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
-
 -  Fuses-‫א‬- -
 K- -(Overload) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬EE28-3F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
So‫א‬F2L1‫א‬‫א‬
96‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬95
E F‫א‬‫א‬E F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬S1‫א‬
 ‫א‬L2‫א‬‫א‬K1
‫א‬KEE28-3F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEE28-3F‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
- 110 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
L1
L2
L3
F2
F1
1
So 2
K2 F3 98
95
96
3
F3 P>
4
3
P<
4
S1 K1 K1
M
3~
ϑ
K1 K2
 
 EF      EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ JE28-3F
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K1, K2 L1-L2-L3
‫א‬‫א‬
M 3~ ‫א‬‫א‬ F1-F2  ‫א‬
ϑ  ‫א‬ F3  (Overload)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H1-H2-H3   K1- K2  ‫א‬‫א‬
S1  ‫א‬ So  ‫א‬
- 111 -
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
 K % 80 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 12W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬)  (Test ManifoldF‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Recovery Unit)(Reclaiming Unit)K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K
K ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬
 .(Micron Gauge)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 112 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ (Global Warming) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  (Ozone Depletion Potential) ‫א‬
 K(Recovery Unit)(Reclaiming Unit)K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE1-5F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
(‫)ﺏ‬ (‫)ﺃ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ (1-7F
- 113 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (Filter dryer)‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1000 Microns‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E2-7‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Micron Gauge)
  (2-7) 

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K(3-7)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-7)‫א‬
- 114 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WE‫א‬‫א‬E4-7F‫א‬F
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4 J7F

 
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Hose)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Center service hose)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 4-7F‫א‬‫א‬
- 115 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 :E4-7F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4-7F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( 4-7F
‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
:E4-7F‫א‬
KE4-7F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( 4-7F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ( 4-7F
- 116 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬WE1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (Test ManifoldF‫א‬‫א‬ J1
K(Recovery Unit) (Reclaiming Unit) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 .‫א‬‫א‬-3
 K J4
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 117 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K (Test ManifoldF‫א‬‫א‬  J1
.(Micron Gauge)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
 .‫א‬‫א‬  J3
K  J4
K‫א‬  J5
 K  J6
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
- 118 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Test Manifold)‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Micron Gauge)‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 .(Micron Gauge) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 .50mbar‫א‬(Micron Gauge)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬10-5‫א‬ J8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ J10
 K‫א‬
- 119 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ 
‫א‬  .‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  .‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬    
.‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫ א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      
 .‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 120 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
: ‫א‬
 .E5-7F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ -3
‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ -4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ -5
‫ א‬.‫א‬‫א‬ E5-7F ‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
E5-7F‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ا‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ א‬‫א‬  -7
- 121 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬ E5-7F ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،      ‫א‬         
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 .E6-7F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
- 122 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 : (‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬) ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -2
 ‫א‬‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -3
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬. E6-7F‫א‬‫א‬
 . ( ‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ E6-7F
 
 
 
 
- 123 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ – 
  JW‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ا‬ -5
.‫א‬
.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -6
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  -7
 .
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-8
‫א‬ ‫א‬ – 
  JW‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ -9
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬   K‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -10
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-11
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬ ‫א‬-12
- 124 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
K‫א‬  ‫ א‬K8
‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬ K1
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K K5
- 125 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
 ‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K4
‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K5
KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
.
  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬     ‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K7
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫( א‬Test Manifold) ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K8
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K9
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    
KE‫א‬
K7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11
.‫ א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
K‫א‬ K13
- 126 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬ E7-7F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(7-7)
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE4F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ K3
- 127 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K K5
 
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     K3
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.E8-7F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K6
E9-7F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (8-7) 
- 128 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (9-7) 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   K7
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬     (Intermittently)
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
.(10-7)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (10-7) 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
- 129 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K12
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫)א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K13
K‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ا‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ K14
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
.‫א‬ 
. ‫א‬‫ א‬K16
K‫א‬ K17
W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     .‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
      ،        .(11-7)
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
- 130 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (11-7) 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K K4
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
.‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K2
- 131 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9  8 5-3‫א‬‫א‬ K3
،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
.‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬ K7
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- 132 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K K4
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
(Test  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K2
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ Manifold)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K4
KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K5
.‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ K6
.‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 133 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K7
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬ K9
K‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬‫א‬ K11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K12
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K13
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K14
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K15
K‫א‬‫א‬ K16
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K17
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K18
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ± 0.136 kPa ‫א‬
± 0.5 O C ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
W 
 0.07 kPa  ‫א‬
 0.2 → 0.34 kPa  ‫א‬
 0.136 → 0.272 kPa  ‫א‬


 
- 134 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K K4
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
.  ‫א‬ K2
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬9  8 5-3‫א‬‫א‬ K3
.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (t)E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K5
. (ts) ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ t s < t  ‫א‬ (ts) (t)   K6
.
(ts)  (t) ‫א‬ . K7
.
 4  3 ‫א‬            K8
K‫א‬
K‫א‬ K9
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K10
 
 
 
- 135 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Heat ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬Pumps)
.‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LWE8F
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K ‫א‬‫א‬ K2
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫ א‬‫א‬ (Cooling)‫א‬‫א‬ K4
. ‫א‬(Heating)
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K5
K(Low Pressure Switch)‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (tdb) ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
‫א‬ (twb) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ،‫ א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.
 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(tdb) ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬  K7
‫א‬‫א‬ (5)‫א‬ (twb) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (tdb)  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
- 136 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬
KK‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Water Chiller)  ‫ א‬ WE9F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
 (‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2
K (Low Pressure Control Switch)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
.(∆t) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
(12-5) ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ (∆t) ‫א‬‫ א‬K5
‫א‬ ‫א‬(∆t)
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
∆t
o
C
 
  kg ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ (∆t) ‫( א‬12-7) 
- 137 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬

    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬   WE10F

 ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
.‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3
- 138 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
1- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. “ Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning,
and Refrigeration. ITP 1996.
2- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. “Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning”
Goodheart-Wilcox.
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K1419‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 139 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
88
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K % 80 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6 :‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬)  (Test ManifoldF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 140 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Shaft Seal)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
- 141 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KTest Pressure‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 1 
2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
KE4-8‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- 142 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
Halide Test Lamp ‫ﻟﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1-8F‫א‬
،Methylene‫א‬‫א‬Propane‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Sniffer Hose‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE ‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E1-8F
- 143 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Electronic Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬E2-8F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫( ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‬2-8) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
Bubble test ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-8)‫א‬K ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- 144 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬E3-8F
 Ultraviolet Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4-8F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Dye‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ GlowFluorescent‫א‬‫א‬
 KE5-8F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4-8F
- 145 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E5-8F
 Sulphur Candle ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 Ammonium Sulphide‫א‬
 
 Litmus paper ‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- 146 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J10
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J11
 K Test Pressure‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J12
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J13
 
 
- 147 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Halide Test Lamp ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬ K7
 Electronic Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
KE‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K7
- 148 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Bubble test‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬H‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬ K6
 
 
- 149 -
‫א‬‫א‬ 163   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
1- Puzio, H. and Johnson J. “Practical Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and
2- Andrew, D. Althouse, et al. “Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning” Goodheart-
Wilcox.
3- Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Magazine" RAC" Vol. 104 Nos. 1248-1257 (2002).
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ J4
K1419‫א‬
- 150 -
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
A
Acid concentration  ‫א‬‫א‬
Air-Cooled Condenser
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Air-Cooled Evaporator
Arc Welding ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Automatic Expansion Valve  ‫א‬‫א‬
Automobile Air Conditioning
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
B
Battery  E‫א‬F
Bubble test
‫א‬
C
Capacitors  ‫א‬‫א‬
Capillary tube  ‫א‬‫א‬
Carburiusing Flame  ‫א‬‫א‬
Centrifugal Compressors  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Charging Cylinder  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Cleaning Tubes  ‫א‬
Compressor
 
Condenser
 
Condenser pressure regulator
 ‫א‬
Contactor
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Coupling
Crankcase pressure regulator  ‫א‬
Cutting Tubes  ‫א‬
‫א‬
D
Desert Cooler  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Digital Clampmeter
 ‫א‬‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
E
Electronic Leak Detector  ‫א‬‫א‬
Electronic Expansion Valve
‫א‬‫א‬
Evaporative condenser
Evaporative cooler  ‫א‬‫א‬
Evaporator  ‫א‬‫א‬
Evaporator pressure regulator
 ‫א‬
Expansion device
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
F
Flashback arrestors ‫א‬‫א‬
Filter/Drier
 ‫א‬L‫א‬
G
Gaskets  ‫א‬
Gas Welding  ‫א‬
Global Warming   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H
Halide Test Lamp  ‫א‬
Hard drawn tubing  ‫א‬‫א‬
Heat Pumps  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Hermetic  
High Pressure Cutout  ‫א‬‫א‬
I
Insulation Resistance Test  ‫א‬
 L
Liquid-Cooled Evaporator  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Litmus paper
 ‫א‬
Low Pressure Cutout
 ‫א‬‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
M
Measurement Devices  ‫א‬
Megger  ‫א‬‫א‬
Microprocessor  ‫א‬
Multimeters ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
N
Neutral  ‫א‬‫א‬
Neutral Flame  ‫א‬‫א‬
Non-Return Valve  ‫א‬
O
Oil Separator  ‫א‬
Oxidising Flame  ‫א‬‫א‬
Oxy-Acetylene Welding  ‫א‬
Ozone Depletion Potential  ‫א‬‫א‬
Overload  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R
Reaming Tubes  ‫א‬
Reclaiming Unit  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Receiver  ‫א‬‫א‬
Reciprocating Compressors  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Recovery Unit  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
Relay  ‫א‬
Relieve Valve
 ‫א‬
Rotary blade rotary compressors
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rotary Compressors
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 S
Screw Compressors  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Scroll Compressors  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Semi-hermetic  
Shut-off valve  ‫א‬
Sight Glass  ‫א‬
Snifting    
Solenoid Valve
 
Spring
 
Standard Tubs
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Stationary blade rotary compressors
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Stepper motor
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Strainer
Soft Tubing  
Suction Accumulator  (F‫א‬‫א‬
Sulphur Candle  ‫א‬‫א‬
Superheat  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
T
Test Manifold  ‫א‬
Thermostat  ‫א‬‫א‬
Thermostatic Expansion Valve
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transducer
  
U
Ultraviolet Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
V
Vacuum Pump  ‫א‬
W
Water-Cooled Condenser  ‫א‬‫א‬
Welding
 ‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
Error! Bookmark not defined. .................................................................................................................. 

1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 
- 2 - ........................................................................................................ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
- 2 - .................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 2 - ...................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 3 - .......................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 5 - ................................................................................................................................ W‫א‬‫א‬
- 5 - ........................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬
- 5 - .......................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- 6 - ........................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 7 - ......................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- 9 - .............................................................................. Measurement Instruments‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 9 - ............................................................................................................. ETest Manifold)‫א‬
- 10 - ...................................................................................... (Multi meter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 11 - .............................................................................................................. EVacuum PumpF‫א‬
- 12 - ............................................................................................. (Charging Cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 15 - ................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
- 15 - ....................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 17 - ............................................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 21 - ...................................................................................(Air- Cooled Condensers)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 22 - ................................................................................ EWater- Cooled CondensersF‫א‬‫א‬
- 23 - .......................................................................................... (Evaporative Condensers)‫א‬‫א‬
- 24 - ........................................................................................................... (Capillary Tube)‫א‬‫א‬
- 25 - ........................................................................... (Automatic Expansion Valve)‫א‬‫א‬
- 25 - ............................................................................ (Thermostatic Expansion Valve)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 26 - ..............................................................................(Electronic Expansion Valve) ‫א‬‫א‬
- 27 - .....................................................................................(Air cooler Evaporators)‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 27 - ............................................................................ (Liquid Cooler Evaporators)‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 28 - .................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 28 - ................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 28 - ................................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬
- 29 - .......................................................................................... Single Phase Motors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
- 35 - ........................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 35 - ........................................................................................ Insulation Resistance Test‫א‬
- 37 - ....................................................................................................................... Overload‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 37 - ................................................................................................................. (capacitors)‫א‬‫א‬
- 40 - ........................................................................................................... EContactorF‫א‬‫א‬
- 44 - ............................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 52 - ............................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 52 - .................................................................................................................. ‫א‬
- 56 - .................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 64 - ..................................................................................................................‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 71 - ......................................................................................................................... ‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
- 71 - .............................................................................................................................. ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 71 - ......................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 73 - ............................................................................................................................ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 73 - ........................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 75 - ............................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 88 - ...................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 90 - ...................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- 94 - ................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 95 - ...................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬
- 95 - .................................................................................................................................................... 
- 98 - ................................................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 98 - .........................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 99 - ................................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 102 - ...................................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬
- 105 - ..................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 105 - .................................................................................................................................................. 
- 109 - ........................................................................................... ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬
- 109 - ..................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 113 - .............................................................................................. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
- 113 - ........................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 115 - ........................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬
- 118 - ............................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 120 - ........................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
163   ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
- 120 - ........................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬

- 122 - ....................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 125 - ................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 141 - ....................................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬
- 141 - ........................................................................................................................ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 141 - ........................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
- 141 - ...............................................................................................................................‫א‬‫א‬
- 143 - ........................................................................................................... ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
- 143 - ............................................................................................................. Halide Test Lamp‫ﻟﻤﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
- 144 - ........................................................................... Electronic Leak Detector‫א‬‫א‬
- 144 - .................................................................................................................Bubble test ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬
- 145 - .......................................................... Ultraviolet Leak Detector‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 146 - ........................................................................................................... Sulphur Candle‫א‬
- 146 - .............................................................................................................. Litmus paper‫א‬
- 150 - .................................................................................................................................................. ‫א‬
154 ....................................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬
 

ورشه

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ورشه

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



 Digital Clamp meter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Capacitor Start and Run Motor

Potential Relay ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻓﺮق اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W(Shut-Off Valves)  ‫א‬ K4

‫א‬:(Filter/Driers) ‫א‬L‫ א‬K5

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Strainers) ‫ א‬K6

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:(Suction accumulator)  ‫א‬‫א‬ K9

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :(Oil separator) ‫א‬ K10

 º45‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 90‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DIN 1913 E51 22 RR 6, Φ = 3.25 mm  •  EF  •

ST 37 6 x 100 x 200 mm  •  EF  •

ST 37 6 x 100 x 200 mm  •   •

 6000 = 16 x 25 x 15 bar ‫א‬‫א‬ G

  oC2100   oC3200  oC1200

 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  (2-7) 

‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4 J7F

 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Hose) 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Center service hose)‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K(Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (8-7) 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (9-7) 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (10-7) 

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K11

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (11-7) 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 0.2 → 0.34 kPa  ‫א‬

 0.136 → 0.272 kPa  ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬

 ‫א‬   WE10F

 Electronic Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬

‫( ﻛﺎﺷﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‬2-8) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

Bubble test ‫ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﺑﻮن‬

 Ultraviolet Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Sulphur Candle ‫א‬

 Electronic Leak Detector ‫א‬‫א‬ J

Error! Bookmark not defined. .................................................................................................................. 

- 120 - ........................................................................................................................................... ‫א‬

You might also like

 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Hose)

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Center service hose)‫א‬‫א‬

 K(Test Manifold)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 