KINDS OF INJURIES AND ITS FIRST AID PROCEDURE

1. SPRAINS

A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue

that connect two bones together in your joints. The most common location for a
sprain is in your ankle.

FIRST AID:
 Rest the sprained or strained area. If necessary, use a sling for an arm injury or
crutches for a leg or foot injury. Splint an injured finger or toe by taping it to an
adjacent finger or toe.

 Ice for 20 minutes every hour. Never put ice directly against the skin or it may
damage the skin. Use a thin towel for protection.

 Compress by wrapping an elastic (Ace) bandage or sleeve lightly (not tightly)

around the joint or limb. Specialized braces, such as for the ankle, can work
better than an elastic bandage for removing the swelling.

 Elevate the area above heart level if possible.

 2. FRACTURE

A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is
called an open or compound fracture. Fractures commonly happen because of car
accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Other causes are low bone density and
osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones.

FIRST AID:
If you suspect that someone has a broken bone, provide first-aid treatment and help
them get professional care:

 Stop any bleeding: If they’re bleeding, elevate and apply pressure to the wound
using a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing.

 Immobilize the injured area: If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in their neck
or back, help them stay as still as possible. If you suspect they’ve broken a bone
in one of their limbs, immobilize the area using a splint or sling.

 If you suspect that someone has a broken bone, provide first-aid treatment and
help them get professional care:
 Stop any bleeding: If they’re bleeding, elevate and apply pressure to the wound
using a sterile bandage, a clean cloth, or a clean piece of clothing.
 Immobilize the injured area: If you suspect they’ve broken a bone in their neck
or back, help them stay as still as possible. If you suspect they’ve broken a bone
in one of their limbs, immobilize the area using a splint or sling.
 3. HEAT EXHAUSTION

Heat exhaustion is a condition whose symptoms may include heavy sweating and a
rapid pulse, a result of your body overheating. It's one of three heat-related
syndromes, with heat cramps being the mildest and heatstroke being the most
severe.

FIRST AID:
 Help the casualty to a cool place, out of the sun and encourage them to lie down
with their legs raised and supported.

 You then need to give them lots of water to drink.

 You could also give them an isotonic sports drink or oral rehydration
solution, to help replace the salt and fluid they have lost though sweating.
 Do not mix regular cooking salt into water and give it to them to drink,
this will make their condition worse.

 Monitor their level of response. Even if they recover quickly, suggest they seek
medical advice.