Presentation:

Course Title: Complex Analysis Course Code: MATH-308

Submitted to: Dr. Faiza Submitted by: Group #06
Ammara Ashraf 21021509-113
Umar Sher Zaman 21021509-120
Sana Rashid 21021509-126
Ayesha Rashid 21021509-127
Iqra Abbas 21021509-148
Shareen Fatima 21021509-150
Saba Asghar 21021509-152
BS-V(C)
Mapping by 1/z:
When a point w = u + iv is the image of a nonzero point z = x + iy in
the finite plane under the transformation w = 1/z , writing
w = z̅ = z̅
zz̅ |z|
reveals that

(1) u = x/x2+y2 , v = -y/x2+y2

Also, since
z = 1/w = ω̄ /wω̄ = ω̄ / |w|2
 𝑢 𝑣
(2) 𝑥= 2
𝑢 +𝑣 2 , 𝑦=− 2
𝑢 + 𝑣2
The following argument, based on these relations between
coordinates, shows that the mapping 𝑤 = 1/𝑧 transfers circle circles
and lines into circles and lines. When A, B, C & D are all real
numbers satisfying the condition:
𝐵 2 + 𝐶2 > 4𝐴𝐷.
(3) A(x2 + y2) + Bx + Cy + D = 0
represents an arbitrary circle or line, where
A ≠ 0 for a circle and A = 0 for a line. The need for the
condition B2 + C2 > 4AD when A ≠ 0 is evident if, by the
method of completing the squares, we rewrite equation (3)
as
(x+B/2A)2 + (y+C/2A)2 = (√(B2 + C2 -4AD)/2A) 2
(4) D(u2 + v2) + Bu − Cv + A = 0,
Which also represents a circle or line. Conversely, if u and v
satisfy equation (4), it
follows from relations (1) that x and y satisfy equation (3).
It is now clear from equations (3) and (4) that
(a) a circle (A ≠ 0) not passing through the origin (D ≠ 0) in the
z plane is transformed into a circle not passing through the
origin in the w plane;
Continued:
(b) a circle(A ≠ 0) through the origin (D = 0) in the z plane is
transformed into a line that does not pass through the origin
in the w plane;
(c) a line (A = 0) not passing through the origin (D ≠ 0) in the
z plane is transformed into a circle through the origin in the w
plane;
(d) a line (A = 0) through the origin (D = 0) in the z plane is
transformed into a line through the origin in the w plane.
Example 1:
According to equations (3) and (4), a vertical
line x = c1 (c1 ≠ 0) is transformed by w = 1/z into
the circle −c1(u2+v2) + u = 0, or
(5) (u-1/2c1 )2 + v2 = (1/2c1)2
Which is centered on the u axis and tangent to the v axis.
The image of a typical
point (c1,y) on the line is, by equations (1),
(u,v) = (c1/c12+y2, -y/c12+y2)
Figures:
Example 2:
A horizontal line y = c2 (c2 ≠ 0) is mapped
by w = 1/z onto the circle
(6) u2+(v+1/2c2)2 = (1/2c2)2
Which is centered on the v axis and tangent to the u axis.
Two special cases are shown in previous Figure where
corresponding orientations of the lines and circles are also
indicated.
Example 3:
When w = 1/z, the half plane x ≥ c1 (c1 > 0) is
mapped onto the disk.
(7) (u–1/2c1)² + v² ≤ (1/2c1)²
For any line x = c (c ≥ c1) is transformed in to the circle

(8) (u–1/2c1)² + v² = (1/2c1)²

Further more, as c increases through all values greater than c1,the

lines x = c move to the right v and the image circles shrink in size.
Since the lines x = c pass through all points in the half plane x ≥ c1
and the circles pass through all points in the disk .
Figure: