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Log (Y)
Log (Y)
Log (Y)
Name:
S4.3 Logarithmic Properties Date:
Activity: We learned some patterns for combining exponents, let s see what happens when we combine
logarithms:
1. Complete the following table using your calculator. 2. Using the patterns you see in the
Round answers to four decimal places. table, complete the equation below.
log 12 1 0792 log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦 =
log(xy)
.
log 3 + log 4 1 .
0792
log 9 9542
0 .
3. How could we find the value of
log 3 + log 3 log 30 if the “3” button is missing on
0 . 9542
log 18 our calculator?
1 . 2553
log 6 + log 3 1 2553
.
log 15 + log2
4. Complete the following table using your calculator. 5. Using the patterns you see in the
Round answers to four decimal places. table, complete the equation below.
log 5 0 6990
.
log 𝑥𝑥 − log 𝑦𝑦 =
log(y)
log 10 − log 2 0 6990 .
O 3018
10960-1092
.
2
log 3 − log 6 -
0 . 3010
1
7. A student noticed that log gave the same result as − log 2. How is this possible?
2
log] =
gl-log2
=
0-10gz =
-log
8. Saul was practicing evaluating logarithms on his calculator on Halloween. After he had finished all
the calculations he was startled at the
log 5 + log 5 = 1.398 log 4 + log 4 + log 4 = 1.806 results. He was sure that a ghost has
1
log 625 = 1.398 log 26 = 1.806
13984
2
9. Write two more log statements that are also equal to 1.806 and one more log statement that
equals 1.398.
Properties of Logarithms
Ex.1. Use the properties of logarithms to expand the expression as a sum, difference, and/or constant
multiple of logarithms
a. b. c.
3
log 6 𝑧𝑧 −3 ln √𝑚𝑚 log 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3
logX + log y3
In m "3
31096Z
-
Inm
=
logX + 3 logy
𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦
d. ln e. log 100𝑥𝑥 3
𝑧𝑧
In
xy-Inz 10g100 + logX3
=
InX + Iny-Inz log102 + 310gX
2 + 310gX
In X(X+2)2
√𝑥𝑥
f. ln g. ln �𝑥𝑥 2 (𝑥𝑥 + 2)
𝑦𝑦 2
*
Page 2 of 5
AP PreCalculus ~ Unit 4: Logarithmic Functions
Ex.2. Express each of the following as a single logarithm. Then, if possible, evaluate without a
calculator.
a. log 6 18 + log 6 2 b. log 2 10 − log 2 5 c. log 100 + log 10
d. ln 𝑥𝑥 + ln 𝑦𝑦 e. 2 ln 8 + 5 ln 𝑧𝑧 f. 1 + log 2 9
Page 3 of 5
AP PreCalculus ~ Unit 4: Logarithmic Functions
Most calculators will evaluate common logarithms (base 10) and natural logarithm (base e), however,
sometimes we need to evaluate logarithms of other bases.
Change-of-Base Formula
o #
Ex.4. Evaluate the following without a calculator.
a. log 8 16 b. log 27 81 c. log 1 64
8
gal ologs
Log
ga log
-
82
logs 8
= .
= I 2
-
I
- -
2
Ex.5. Given that log 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑥𝑥, log 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑦𝑦, and log 𝑅𝑅 = 𝑧𝑧. Express the following in terms of 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, and 𝑧𝑧.
𝑃𝑃 3
log � �
𝑄𝑄𝑅𝑅 2
3
log(s)
=
3[logp-10g(OR2)]
=
S[logp-(loga 10gR2)] +
3/10gP-logo-logR2]
=
3 [logp -logO-2logR] Page 4 of 5
67
3X-3y
3(X y 2z)
-
=
-
=
-
AP PreCalculus ~ Unit 4: Logarithmic Functions
Ex.7. The parent function 𝑦𝑦 = log 𝑥𝑥 was stretched horizontally by a factor of 100 to create the graph
of 𝑓𝑓. Which of the following transformations on the parent function would produce the same graph as 𝑓𝑓?
A) A vertical shrink by a factor of 100
B) A horizontal shift 2 units to the right
C) A vertical shift 2 units down
D) A vertical shift 100 units up
Ex.8. The parent function 𝑦𝑦 = log 3 𝑥𝑥 was translated up 1 unit to produce the graph of 𝑓𝑓. Which of the
following functions would produce the same graph as 𝑓𝑓?
A) 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = log 3 (3𝑥𝑥)
B) ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = log 3 (𝑥𝑥 + 1)
1
C) 𝑤𝑤(𝑥𝑥) = log 3 � 𝑥𝑥�
3
D) 𝑗𝑗(𝑥𝑥) = 3 log 3 (𝑥𝑥)
HOMEWORK: page 223~3.3 Exercises. #[9, 15-53, 61, 67, 71-75] odd only
Page 5 of 5