Metamorphism

Metamorphism is a geological process that

involves the alteration of rocks in terms of
mineral composition, texture, and structure due
to changes in temperature, pressure, or the
presence of chemically active fluids. This process
typically occurs deep within the Earth's crust,
where rocks experience conditions different from
those under which they originally formed
 Key factors
contributing to
metamorphism
3 key FACTORS
Temperature

Pressure

Chemically Active
Fluids
 Temperature
Rocks are subjected to higher temperatures than
those at the Earth’s surface. Increased
temperature promotes the recrystallization of
minerals, leading to the formastion of new
minerals or changes in the crystal structure of
existing ones
 Pressure
As depth increases within the Earth's
crust, the pressure on rocks also rises.
High pressure can cause minerals to
reorganize or align in specific directions,
affecting the rock's overall texture
Chemically Active Fluids
The presence of fluids, such as water-rich
solutions, can facilitate the movement of ions
and promote mineral reactions. These fluids may
introduce or remove certain elements from the
rocks, influencing mineral composition.
 Foliated Texture
Minerals within the rock align in parallel layers or
bands. This texture is common in rocks that have
experienced directed pressure, such as during
regional metamorphism. Examples of foliated
metamorphic rocks include slate, schist, and
gneiss.
 Non-foliated Texture
Minerals do not exhibit a preferred orientation, and the
rock lacks distinct layering. Non-foliated rocks often
form in response to high temperature and pressure
without directed stress. Examples include marble (from
limestone) and quartzite (from sandstone).