THE INTERVIEW

YEH PADHO AUR PURA CHAPTER ON TIPS:

Summary
 The lesson begins with the introduction to interview as a commonplace of journalism
since its invention, which was a little over 130 years ago.
 According to the author, it is not very surprising that people have very distinct
opinions about the usage of interview.
 An interview leaves a lasting impression and according to an old saying, when
perceptions are made about a certain person, the original identity of his soul gets
stolen.
 Rudyard Kipling’s wife wrote in her diary how their day in Boston was ruined by two
reporters. Kipling considers interviewing an assault, a crime that should attract
punishment.
 There is an excerpt from the interview between Mukund (from The Hindu newspaper)
and Umberto Eco, a professor at the University of Bologna in Italy who had already
acquired a formidable reputation as a scholar for his ideas on semiotics (the study of
signs), literary interpretation, and medieval aesthetics before he turned to writing
fiction.
 The interview revolves around the success of his novel, The Name of the Rose whose
more than ten million copies were sold in the market.
 The interviewer begins by asking him how Umberto manages to do so many different
things to which he replies by saying that he is doing the same thing.
 It doesn’t bother him that he is identified by others as a novelist and not a scholar,
because he knows that it is difficult to reach millions of people with scholarly work.
 He believes there are empty spaces in one’s life, just like there are empty spaces in
atoms and the Universe. He calls them interstices and most of his productive work is
done during that time.
 Talking about his novel, he mentions that it is not an easy-read. It has a detective
aspect to it along with metaphysics, theology and medieval history.
 Also, he believes that had the novel been written ten years earlier or later, it would
have not seen such a huge success.
 Thus, the reason for its success still remains a mystery.

APNI KAKSHA 1
Multiple Choice Questions based on an extract.
Extract-1
Others, usually celebrities who see themselves as its victims, might despise the
interview as an unwarranted intrusion into their lives, or feel that it somehow
diminishes them, just as in some primitive cultures it is believed that if one takes a
photographic portrait of somebody then one is stealing that person's soul. V. S.
Naipaul 1 'feels that some people are wounded by interviews and lose a part of
themselves, Lewis Carroll, the creator of Alice in Wonderland, was said to have had
'a just horror of the interviewer and he never consented to be interviewed.
i ) Name the chapter.
a) Evans Tries an O level
b) Memories of Childhood
c) The Interview
d) Journey to the end of the earth
Ans c)

ii ) Name the author of this chapter.

a) Christopher Silver
b) William Silvester
c) Christopher Silvester
d) None of these
Ans c)

iii.) What does the word ‘Intrusion’ mean?

a) Interference
b) Entrance by Force
c) Entrance without permission
d) All of these
Ans d)

iv.) Who of the following had the fear of interviewer?

a) V.S Naipaul
b) Rudyard Kipling
c) Lewis Carroll
d) Carlos Braithwate
Ans c)

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 Extract-02
Rudyard Kipling expressed an even more condemnatory attitude towards the
interviewer. His wife, Caroline, writes in her diary for 14 October 1892 that their day
was 'wrecked by two reporters from Boston'. She reports her husband as saying to the
reporters, "Why do I refuse to be interviewed? Because it is immoral! It is a crime, just as
much of a crime as an offence against my person, as an assault, and just as much merits
punishment. It is cowardly and vile.
i ) How is caroline associated with Rudyard Kipling.
a) Husband
b) Wife
c) Mother
d) Father
Ans b)

ii ) What was Caroline’s view about being interviewed?

a) She thought it is immoral
b) She thought it is crime
c) She thought it deserves punishment
d) All of these
Ans d)

iii ) What does the word ‘Vile’ mean?

a) Despicable
b) Slimy
c) ugly
d) all of these
Ans d)

iv.) Who of the following ruined Caroline’s day?

a) News Anchors
b) News Reporters
c) News Readers
d) News Makers
Ans b)

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 Stand Alone MCQs
1. Who is the author of the lesson ‘The Interview’?
A) Christopher Priest
B) Christopher Silvester (1959)
C) J.B. Priestley
D) Alfred John Churchley
Ans: B) Christopher Silvester (1959)

2. What does V.S. Naipaul feel about interviews?

A) horror
B) happy
C) wounded
D) none
Ans: C) wounded

3. What does Naipaul present in his travel books?

A) his feelings
B) his feelings about interviews
C) impression of the country of his ancestors that is India
D) none
Ans: C) impression of the country of his ancestors that is India

4. The excerpt -The Interview has been taken from which book?
A) Christopher’s introduction to The Penguin Book of Interviews
B) Features for Vanity Fair
C) The name of the Rose
D) none
Ans: A) Christopher’s introduction to The Penguin Book of Interviews

5. What did he present in this book?

A) varied opinions of politicians
B) varied opinions of civilians
C) varied opinions of armymen
D) varied opinions of celebrities regarding an interview
Ans: D) varied opinions of celebrities regarding an interview

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6. According to an old saying what happens when perceptions are made about a
person?
A) Person feels happy
B) person becomes popular
C) Person feels irritated
D) The original identity of his soul is lost.
Ans: D) The original identity of his soul is lost.

7. How does Umberto Eco find so much time to write so much?

A) using early morning time
B) using his office time
C) using his family time
D) using using empty spaces (free times) like waiting for someone, break time
Ans: D) using using empty spaces (free times) like waiting for someone, break time

8. What was distinctive (special) about Eco’s academic writing style?

A) His realistic narrative style with trial and errors
B) his interrogative style
C) his monotonous unrealistic style
D) fictitious imaginative style
Ans: A) His realistic narrative style with trial and errors

9. What is the reason for huge success of the novel The Name of The Rose?
A) mystic
B) metaphysics and medieval history period used
C) detective style and theology
D) All these
Ans: D) All these

10. What are some of the positive traits of of interviews?

A) brings out the truth and gives vivid impression of contemporaries
B) helps finding hidden talents
C) useful medium of communication
D) All these
Ans: D) All these

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THINK AS YOU READ
Q1. What are some of the positive views on interviews?
Ans: The positive views on interviews are that it is a medium of communication and a source
of truth and information. Some even look at it as an art. These days we know about the
celebrities and others through their interviews.
Q2. Why do most celebrity writers despise being interviewed?
Ans: Most celebrity writers despise being interviewed because they look at interviews as an
unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel that it diminishes them. They feel that
they are wounded by interviews and lose a part of themselves. They consider interviews
immoral and a crime, and an unwanted and unwelcome interruption in their personal life.
Q3. What is the belief in some primitive cultures about being photographed?
Ans: Some primitive cultures consider taking a photographic portrait is like stealing the
persons’s soul and diminishing him.
Q4. What do you understand by the expression ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’?
Ans: Saul Bellow once described interviews as being like ‘thumbprints on his windpipe’. It
means he treated interviews as a painful experience, as something that caught him by his
windpipe, squeezed him and left indelible thumbprints on that. It also means that when
the interviewer forces personal details from his interviewee, it becomes undesirable and
cruel.
Q5. Who, in today’s world, is our chief source of information about personalities?
Ans: The interviewer is the chief source of information in today’s world. Our most vivid
impressions of our contemporaries are based on communication that comes from them.
Thus, interviewers hold a position of power and influence.

Understanding the text

Q1. Do you think Umberto Eco likes being interviewed? Give reasons for your opinion.
Ans: Umberto Eco does not think highly of interviewers who he thinks are a puzzled bunch of
people. He has reasons for thinking so as they have often interpreted him as a novelist
and clubbed him with Pen Clubs and writers, while he considers himself an academic
scholar who attends academic conferences and writes novels on Sundays.
Q2. How does Eco find the time to write so much?
Ans: Eco humorously states that there are a lot of empty spaces in his life. He calls them
‘interstices’. There are moments when one is waiting for the other. In that empty space,
Eco laughingly states that he writes an article. Then he states that he is a professor who
writes novels on Sundays.
Q3. What was distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style?
Ans: Umberto’s writings have an ethical and philosophical element underlying them. His non-
fictional writing work has a certain playful and personal quality about it. Even his
writings for children deal with non-violence and peace. This style of writing makes
reading his novels and essays interesting and being like the reading of most academic
writings. His works are marked by an informal and narrative aspect.

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Q4. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar?
Ans: Umberto identified himself with the academic community, a professor who attended
academic conferences rather than meetings of Pen Clubs. In fact, he was quite unhappy
that the people referred to him as a novelist.
Q5. What is the reason for the huge success of the novel, The Name of the Rose?
Ans: The success of The Name of the Rose, though a mystery to the author himself, could
possibly be because it offered a difficult reading experience to the kind of readers who do
not want easy reading experiences and those who look at novels as a machine for
generating interpretations. For the same reason, the sale of his novel was underestimated
by his American publishers, while the readers actually enjoyed the difficult reading
experience that was offered bv Umberto Eco by raising questions about truth and the
order of the worid.
Q.6 Discuss in pairs or small groups.
1. Talk about any interview that you have watched on television or read in a
newspaper. How did it add to your understanding of the celebrity, the
interviewer and the field of the celebrity?
2. The medium you like best for an interview, print, radio, or television.
3. Every famous person has a right to his or her privacy. Interviewers sometimes
embarrass celebrities with very personal questions.
Ans 1. Directions: The students can watch or read an interview of a politician or a
bollywood actor. Some of the issues that can be discussed are:
 The celebrity and his/her life
 His/her work and the career
 The interviewer, his questions and his mood
 The way the celebrity answers the questions- his language, mood, gestures, body
language
 The views and opinions of both the interviewer and the interviewee
2. Each medium has positives and negatives – yet, television is the best medium – more
enjoyable and attractive – visual medium allows us to observe the celebrity, his
gestures, expressions and body language – helps connect better with the interview
3. Everyone has a right to maintain his/her privacy – wrong to ask private and
humiliating questions about his/her past – wrong to consider the private life of
public figures as public – once their privacy is breached, it may be difficult for them to
recover – may affect their personal relationships even
(Directions/pointers have been provided for students’ benefit. It is strongly
recommended that students prepare the answer on their own.)

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Short answer type questions
Q1. Why did Lewis Carroll have a horror of the interviewer?
Ans: Lewis Carroll was said to have had a just horror of the interviewer. It was his horror of
being lionized which made him thus repel would-be acquaintances, interviewers, and
those seeking his autographs. So, he never consented to be interviewed.
Q2. How did Rudyard Kipling look at interviews?
Ans: Rudyard Kipling condemned interviews. His wife writes in her diary that Rudyard Kipling
told the reporters that he called being interviewed as immoral and a crime like an offence
against any person. It merited punishment. It was cowardly and vile.
Q3. How were Rudyard Kipling and H.G. Wells critical of interviews yet they indulged in
interviewing others or being themselves interviewed?
Ans: Rudyard Kipling criticized interviews yet he interviewed Mark Twain. H.G. Wells referred
to an interview in 1894 as an ordeal. Yet he was a fairly frequent interviewee. He also
interviewed Joseph Stalin forty years later.
Q4. How are interviews, despite their drawbacks, useful?
Ans: Despite their drawbacks, interviews are a supremely serviceable medium of
communication. We get ‘ our most vivid impressions of our contemporaries through
interviews. Denis Brain writes that almost everything of moment reaches us through
interviews.
Q5. What, according to Umberto Eco, is the one thing he does through his various
pieces of writing?
Ans: According to Eco, he is always pursuing his ethical, philosophical interests which are non-
violence and peace, through his academic work, his novels and even his books for
children. He uses his spare moments constructively.
Q6. Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret. What is that?
Ans: Umberto Eco tells Mukund that he has a secret to reveal. He tells him that there are empty
spaces in the universe, in all the atoms. If they are removed, the universe will shrink to
the size of a fist. He calls these empty spaces interstices and he writes in these interstices.
Q7. How, according to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, do scholars do in their research?
How is Eco’s approach different?
Ans: According to one of Eco’s professors in Italy, scholars made a lot of false hypotheses. They
correct them and at the end they put the conclusion. But Eco told the story of his research
and included his trials and errors. His professor allowed the publication of Eco’s
dissertation as a book.
Q8. What did Umberto Eco learn at the age of 22 that he pursued in his novels?
Ans: At the age of 22, Umberto Eco understood that scholarly books should be written the way
he had done, that is, they should be written by telling the story of the research. He means
to say that they should have the narrative technique. That’s why he started writing novels
so late—at the age of 50.

APNI KAKSHA 8
Q9. How did Eco start writing novels?
Ans: Eco states that he started writing novels by accident. One day, he had nothing to do, so he
started writing. He felt that novels probably satisfied his taste for narration and he
produced five novels, including the famous The Name of the Rose.
Q10. Did Umberto Eco consider himself a novelist first or an academic scholar? Discuss
briefly.
Ans: Umberto Eco considered himself an academic scholar, a university professor who wrote
novels on Sundays. If somebody said that he was a novelist, that bothered him. He
participated in academic conferences and not the meetings of Pen Clubs and writers. He
identified himself with academic community.

Important Questions Long Answer Type Questions

Q1. The Interview as a communication genre is here to stay. Discuss with reference to
the interview with Umberto Eco.
Ans: The interview today is a communication genre that has come to stay. Its detractors—
mostly celebrities— despise it as an intrusion into their lives. However, a good
interview can be a source of truth, it is an excellent medium of communication and in
the modern world our most vivid impressions of contemporaries are through
interviews. It is through the interview that we learn about Eco’s diverse writings, his
interest in the philosophy of non-violence and peace and his ability to put every spare
moment to constructive use. At the interviewer’s prompting, he tells us why he writes
scholarly works in an informal style and how he started writing novels. We realise that
he is an academician at heart. He honestly talks of the success of his book as a mystery
saying that it might not have sold so well in another time.
Q2. How did Umberto Eco assess his style of writing in The Name of the Rose?
Ans: Umberto Eco considered himself to be an academician who was happy writing novels on
Sundays. Though he did not feel he was a novelist, he felt the novel fulfilled his desire for
narration. In fact, he spoke of himself as a university professor who wrote novels on
Sundays. The novel, according to him, enabled him to reach a larger audience. The Name
of the Rose was a very serious novel. It was a detective story that delved into
metaphysics, theology and medieval history’. It enjoyed a huge audience as, according to
him, people did enjoy difficult reading experiences. Like him. many did not like easy
experiences all the time. The novel deals with a period of medieval history and the
publisher did not expect to sell so well in a state where nobody had studied Latin or
seen a cathedral. He felt the timing was crucial. Perhaps its popularity would have been
less, had it been written earlier or later. ‘
Q3. How do celebrity writers despise being interviewed as given in ‘The Interview’?
Ans: Since its invention a little over 130 years ago, the interview has become commonplace
journalism. Over the years, opinions about its functions, methods and merits vary
considerably. Some say it is a source of truth and in practice, an art. Others despise it
being an unwarranted intrusion into their lives. They feel it diminishes them. They
equate it to taking a photographic portrait of somebody which in some primitive
cultures mean ‘stealing the person’s soul.’ Some people feel wounded by interviews and

APNI KAKSHA 9
 lose part of themselves. They call it immoral, a crime and an assault. To some it is
cowardly and vile or an ordeal.
Q4. How does Eco explain that he is convinced he is always doing the same thing?
Ans: Umberto Eco explains to Mukund Padmanabhan in an interview that all the people have
a lot of empty spaces. These he call ‘interstices’. He explains them through an example.
He says that one is to come to him and is in an elevator and he is waiting for him. While
waiting for the guest’s elevator to appear before him. he has already written an article. It
means he writes in snatches of time. However, his creative ideas flow in his mind every
time even when he is hosting his guest. Though he relaxes on Sundays, yet is very much
busy to write novels. On other days he is busy with his academic work.
Q5. How does Mukund Padmanabhan comment on Eco’s academic writing style? What
does Eco say about it?
Ans: Mukund Padmanabhan states that Eco’s non-fictional writing, that is, his scholarly work
has a certain playful and personal quality about it. It is a marked departure from a
regular style. That regular style is invariably depersonalised and often dry and boring.
To a question if he consciously adopted an informal style, he cited the comments of one
of the professors who examined and evaluated his first doctoral dissertation. The
professor said that scholars learned a lot of a certain subject, then they made a lot of
false hypotheses, then they corrected and put conclusions at the end. But Eco told the
story of his research, including his trials and errors. At the age of 22, Eco understood
that scholarly books should be written by telling the story of the research. His essays,
therefore, have a narrative aspect. That is why, he wrote novels to satisfy his taste for
narrative.
Q6. How does Mukund Padmanabhan impress you as an interviewer? Do you consider
his interview with Umberto Eco a success?
Ans: Mukund Padmanabhan’s interview with Umberto Eco tells about his capabilities as a
successful interviewer. He does not encroach upon his privacy or embarrass him with
personal questions. He does not come in-between the celebrity and the readers. His
questions are well worded. His questions • draw out of him what his fans would like to
know. The questions asked by Mukund cover all the aspects of his works and
personality. Eco gives elaborated answers to all his questions. With every question, the
interviewer withdraws to the background leaving the interviewee in the limelight. The
whole interview does not appear to be an ordeal for the interviewee. In short it is crisp
at the same time informal.
Q7. What are the opinions of some of the celebrities on interviews?
Ans: Celebrities have often seen themselves as victims of interviews. In V.S. Naipaul’s
opinion, interviews have left people wounded and part of them stolen. Lewis Carroll
was in horror of the interviewer and he never consented to be interviewed. He often
silenced all those who sought to interview him or ask for his autographs. Rudyard
Kipling too held a very critical attitude towards interviews and disapproved of them
after he was left almost wrecked by two reporters from Boston. According to his wife,
since then he found interviews were vile, immoral and a crime. To H.G. Wells, being
interviewed was an ordeal, while to Saul Bellow, interviews were like thumbprints on
his windpipe, an extortion of personal details by an overbearing interviewer. They all
seemed to be terrified of interviews.
APNI KAKSHA 10
Q8. How does the interview with Umberto Eco prove that the interview is the most
commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee?
Ans: Mukund Padmanabhan from ‘The Hindu’ interviews Umberto Eco and proves that
interview is the most commendable tool to elicit information about the interviewee.
Through his interview he reveals that Eco is a prolific writer and yet a man who is most
modest about his achievements. He very humbly spells the secret of his varied and
staggeringly voluminous works produced by him. When Mukund asks him about David
Lodge’s remark that how one man can do all the things that Eco does’, Eco very
modestly says it is a fallacious impression, in fact he has always been doing the same
thing by pursuing the same philosophical ideas. He views himself as an academic, rather
than a novelist. He admits that he has started writing novels by accident and writes
novels on Sundays.

Previous year questions

Q 1. Why did Umberto Eco prefer himself to be called an academician than a novelist?
(2000 Delhi)
Ans: Despite achieving fame as a novelist, Eco preferred to associate himself with the academic
community because his non-fictional work occupied him for the first fifty years of his life.
He wrote his first novel at the age of around fifty. He identified himself more with the
academic community and resorts to writing fiction only when he’was not pursuing some
scholarly work.
Q 2. Why do most celebrity writers despise being interviewed? (2003 Delhi)
Or
What are the views of writers like V.S. Naipaul and Lewis Carroll on interviews?
(2005 Delhi)
Ans: Celebrities like V.S. Naipaul, Rudyard Kipling, Lewis Carroll and H.G. Wells have
expressed their strong despise for interviews. They consider interviews immoral -‘an
assault’ because they feel interviews leave a rather disparaging effect on their
personalities and are an encroachment on their privacy.
Q 3. What was unique and distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style? (2004 Delhi)
Or
What do you learn about Umberto Eco’s distinctive style in his doctoral
dissertation? (2013 Outside Delhi)
Ans: Umberto Eco’s academic writing style is personal, informal and playful. He fills his
research stories with all the trials and errors so that even his research work has the
uniqueness . of creative writing and reading. It is not only informative but also
interesting.
Q 4. State the reason for the huge success of the novel, “The Name of the Rose”. (2008
Delhi)
Ans: There is no one reason for the huge success of the novel “The Name of the Rose’. Umberto
Eco himself calls its success a mystery. It is possible that this detective story that delved
into metaphysics, theology and medieval history, interested the readers because the time
in which it was written was most appropriate, neither a decade earlier nor a decade later.
APNI KAKSHA 11
Q 5. “The Name of the Rose” deals with medieval history. Was it responsible for the
novel’s success? (2008 Delhi)
Ans: The success of the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’ did not depend on merely one factor.
Many other novels dealt with medieval history but did not achieve much success. Its
success is more attributed to the timing of its publication, its narrative style and detective
yarn and also the fact that it delves into metaphysics and theology along with medieval
history.
Q 6. What made the American publisher think that the novel ‘The Name of the Rose’
won’t sell in America? What actually happened? What was the secret of its success?
(2013 Delhi)
Or
What is the reason for the huge success of the novel “The Name of the Rose”
according to Umberto Eco? (2002 Delhi)
Ans: The American publisher believed that people like trash whereas ‘The Name of the Rose’
delved into metaphysics, theology and medieval history and people do not like these
difficult reading experiences. Through his novel, which sold between 10 to 15 million
copies, Umberto Eco reached only a small percentage of readers. But, according to him, it
is those kind of readers who do not want easy experiences, or at least, do not always want
this. Umberto Eco cannot categorically state the reason for the huge success of the novel,
‘The Name of the Rose’. He himself refers to its success as a mystery. He feels this
detective story that delved into metaphysics, theology and medieval history interested
the readers as it was written at the most appropriate time. Had it been written a decade
earlier or later, it would not have been so successful. The way the book stormed the
literary world, once it was out, surprised everyone. Even though it contained somewhat
heavy reading, the book attracted a mass audience and Eco became famous as a novelist,
rather than an academic scholar the world over.
Q 7. What do you think about Umberto Eco? Does he like being interviewed? Give
reasons in support of your answer from the text ‘The Interview’. (2006 Delhi)
Ans: Unlike various other celebrities who express a strong dislike for interviews and consider
it an encroachment upon their privacy, Umberto Eco seems to kind of enjoy giving
interviews considering the spirited manner in which he answers the questions put forth
to him by the interviewer, Mukund Padmanabhan. Eco readily and truthfully answers all
the questions in the most humble and sincere manner, delving into details, thus revealing
the fact that he actually does not mind sharing his experiences with others. At no point
does he display any kind of haste to wind up the interview. In fact, he explicitly answers
all the questions that Padmanabhan asks him giving the interviewer a feeling of warmth
and being welcome.
Q 8. Why did Umberto Eco start writing novels and when? What does Eco say about the
huge success of his novel, ‘The Name of the Rose’ in spite of it being a difficult and
very serious novel? (2008 Outside Delhi)
Ans: Umberto Eco was essentially an academician who pursued his scholarly pursuits through
academic writings. He wrote about forty non¬fictions and as he himself says, ‘he became
a novelist by accident’. That was the reason he started writing novels at the age of almost
fifty. Eco considers himself ‘a university professor who writes novels (only) on Sundays’.

APNI KAKSHA 12
 He is not even very sure about any one single reason for the huge success of his novel
‘The Name of the Rose’. He feels perhaps the timing of the novel’s publication was the
most important factor of its success. The fact that at one level it appears to be a detective
yarn but also delves into metaphysics, theology and medieval history also adds to its
appeal. Though the novel is quite a heavy reading experience, it attracted a mass
audience and made Eco popular more as a novelist rather than an academic scholar.
Q 9. What impression do you form about Umberto Eco as a scholar and writer on the
basis of ‘The Interview’? (2010 Outside Delhi)
Or
What was distinctive about Eco’s academic writing style? (2011 Delhi)
Ans: Umberto Eco’s style is narrative, written in the manner of a story. This is in contrast to a
regular academic style which is invariably depersonalised, dry and boring. His scholarly
work has a certain playful and personal quality to it. He pursued his philosophical
interests through his academic work and novels. He also wrote books for children on
non-violence and peace.
Umberto Eco, a professor at the University of Bologna, in Italy, is an authority on
Semeiotics, the study of signs. He is also a well known novelist. His scholarly works
include academic texts, essays, childrens’ books and newspaper articles. He pursues his
philosophical interests through his academic writings and novels. In spite of having
reached the zeniths of intellectuality, Eco is a humble and modest scholar. He brushes
aside compliments and never boasts about his achievements. He is keen to share his
experiences with others and shares the secret of accomplishing so much work by
revealing the facts that he makes use of time- gaps between different pieces of work. Eco
follows an informal and playful style of writing with a narrative aspect. Even his research
work has a quality of creative writing and makes informative as well as interesting
reading.

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