SOLUTIONS

Worksheet
1. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCI (Molar mass = 74.5 g/ mol) dissolved in 100
g water, assuming KCI to be 92% ionised. Kf of water = 1.86 K kg / mol.
2. State Henry’s law. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is raised?
3. State Raoult’s taw for the solution containing volatile components. Write two differences between an ideal
solution and a non-ideal solution.
4. Calculate the amount of KCI which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point is depressed
by 2 K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
5. What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to lower the freezing point of water by 7.50°C?
The freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C/m. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is
1.87 (Molar mass of NaCI = 58.5 g mol-1).
6. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 × 10-2 g of K2SO4 in 2 L of water
at 25°C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.
7. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its
freezing point by 0.48 K (Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1).
8. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate
the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol-1)
9. A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is labelled as 10% by mass. What would be the
molality and molarity of the solution? (Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1)
10. A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol-1) in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g mol-1) in water. (Given: Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K)
11. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform form a
solution that has a boiling point of 68.04°C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7°C and the boiling
point elevation constant, Kb, for chloroform is 3.63 °C/m.
12. Two elements A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB2 and AB4. When dissolved in 20 g
of benzene, 1 g of AB2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3 K, whereas 1.0 g of AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. The
molar depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol-1. Calculate the atomic mass of A and B.
13. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an osmotic pressure
of 0.335 torr at 25°C. Assuming the gene fragment is a non-electrolyte, determine its molar mass.
14. Calculate the boiling point of solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of
water, assuming Na2SO4 undergoes complete ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1)
15. Calculate the amount of CaCl2 (molar mass = 111 g mol-1) which must be added to 500 g of water to lower
its freezing point by 2 K, assuming CaCl2 is completely dissociated, (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
16. A solution 0.1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What would be its osmotic pressure at 27°C?
(R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1)
17. (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
18. (i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
19. Which of the following solutions has higher freezing point?
0.05 M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1 M K3[Fe(CN)6] Justify.
20. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15 K. Calculate the freezing point
of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342
g mol-1) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
21. 30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this
solution if vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.
22. The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 450 mm and 700 mm of Hg respectively at 350 K.
Calculate the composition of liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm of Hg. Also find the
composition of the mixture in vapour phase.
23. Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to
250.0 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g)
24. (i) Define the following terms:
(a) Mole fraction
(b) van’t Hoff factor
(ii) 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a solution. If this solution has an
osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C, what is the molar mass of protein? (R = 0.0821 L atm. mol-1 K-
1
and 760 mm Hg = 1 atm.)
25. (i) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How does a change in temperature influence
their values?
 (ii) Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution contaning 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200 g of water
(Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g mol-1, = for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1).
26. (i) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a colligative
property? Explain.
(ii) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 g of water. (Kb for
water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g mol-1)
27. (a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has a freezing point of 271 K. Calculate the freezing
point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water. The freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
(b) Why is osmotic pressure of 1 M KCl higher than 1 M urea solution?
(c) What type of liquids form ideal solutions?
OR
(a) 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by
0.40 K. The freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol-1. Find the molar mass of the
solute.
(b) What is the significance of Henry’s law constant, KH?
(c) What leads to anoxia?
28. (i) State Raoutt’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How does Raoult’s law become a
special case of Henry’s law?
(ii) 1.00 g of non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by
0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 512 K kg mol-1)
29. (i) Define the following terms:
(a) Ideal solution
(b) Azeotrope
(c) Osmotic pressure
(ii) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in
water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the molality of the solution?
30. (i) Define the following terms:
(a) Molarity
(b) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
(ii) A solution containing 15 g urea
(molar mass = 60 g mol-1) per litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a
solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre
of its solution.
31. (i) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
(ii) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be
the molality and molarity of the solution?
(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1)
32. (i) Calculate the freezing point of solution when 1.9 g of MgCl2 (M = 95 g mol-1) was dissolved in 50 g of
water, assuming MgCl2 undergoes complete ionisation.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(ii) (a) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(b) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure of solution?
33. (i) When 2.56 g of sulphur was dissolved in 100 g of CS2, the freezing point lowered by 0.383 K. Calculate
the formula of sulphur (Sx).
(Kf for CS2 = 3.83 K kg mol-1 ,(Atomic mass of sulphur = 32 g mol-1)
(ii) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood cells in a
solution containing
(a) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(b) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?
34. A 4% solutioin (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol-1) in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate the
freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g mol-1) in water.
(Given: Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K).
35. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCI (Molar mass = 74.5 g/ mol) dissolved in 100
g water, assuming KCI to be 92% ionised. Kf of water = 1.86 K kg / mol.
 Electro Chemistry
Worksheets
1. (a) Following reaction takes place in the cell:
Zn (s) + Ag2O (s) + H2O (l) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) + 20H– (aq)
Calculate ΔrG° of the reaction.
[Given: E°(Zn2+/Zn) = – 0.76 V,E°(Ag2+/Ag) = 0.80 V, 1 F = 96,500 C mol-1]
2. How can you determine limiting molar conductivity (∧m°,) for strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte?
3. (i) Explain the following:
(a) CO2 is always present in natural water. Explain its effect (increases, stops or no effect) on rusting of
iron.
(b) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water. Explain.
4. Give the construction and working of hydrogen standard electrode potential?
5. What are fuel cells? Discuss briefly hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell?
6. What is corrosion? What are the factors which affect corrosion?
7. What type of battery is lead storage battery? Write the anode and the cathode reactions and the overall
reaction occurring in a lead storage battery.
8. The chemistry of corrosion of iron is essentially an electrochemical phenomenon. Explain the reactions
occurring during the corrosion of iron in the atmosphere.
9. State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease
with dilution?
10. (i) Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver chloride solution:
Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s) E° = + 0.80 V
H+(aq) + e– → ½ H2(g) E ° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard electrode potential (E°) values which reaction is feasible at the cathode and
why?
11. Define limiting molar conductivity. Why does conductivity of an electrolyte solution decrease with the
decrease in concentration?
12. Zinc rod is dipped in 0.01 M solution of zinc sulphate when temperature is 298 K. Calculate the electrode
potential of zinc. (Given: E°zn2+/Zn = – 0.76 V; log 10 = 1)
13. Write Nernst equation and calculate e.m.f. of the following cells at 298 K:
(i) Mg (s) | Mg2+ (0.001 M) | | Cu2+ (0.0001 M) | Cu (s)
Given: E⊖Mg2+/Mg = -2.37 V, E⊖Cu2+/Cu = 0.34V
14. (a) The e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K is 0.1745 V:
Fe (s) | Fe2+ (0.1 M) | | H+ (x M) | H2 (g) (1 bar) | Pt (s)
Given: E°Fe2+Fe = – 0.44 V
Calculate the H+ ions concentration of the solution at the electrode where hydrogen is being produced.
15. (b) Aqueous solutions of copper sulphate and silver nitrate are electrolysed by 1 ampere current for 10
minutes in separate electrolytic cells. Will the mass of copper and silver deposited on the cathode be same
or different? Explain your answer.
16. (i) Calculate E°cell for the following reaction at 298 K:
2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+ (0.01 M) → 2Cr3+ (0.01 M) + 3Fe(s). Given: Ecell = 0.261 V
17. Using the E° values of A and B, predict which one is better for coating the surface of iron [Ee°Fe2+/Fe) = –
0.44 V] to prevent corrosion and why?
Given: E°(A2+/A) = -2.37 V: E°(B2+/B) = – 0.14 V
18. (i) Define the following terms:
(a) Limiting molar conductivity
 (b) Fuel cell
(ii) Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1 mol L-1 KCl solution is 100 Ω. If the resistance of the
same cell when filled with 0.02 mol L-1 KCl solution is 520 Ω, calculate the conductivity and molar
conductivity of 0.02 mol L-1 KCl solution. The conductivity of 0.1 mol L-1 KCl solution is 1.29 × 10-2 Ω-
1
cm-1.
19. State Faraday’s first law of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of Faraday is required for the reduction
of 1 mol of Cu2+ to Cu.
(ii) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298 K:
Mg(s) | Mg2+(0.1 M) | | Cu2+(0.01)|Cu(s)[Given E°cell = +2.71 V, 1 F = 96500 C mol-1]
20. (i) How many moles of mercury will be produced by electrolysing 1.0 M Hg(NO3)2 solution with a current
of 2.00 A for 3 hours? [Hg(NO3)2 = 200.6 g mol-1].
21. A voltaic cell is set up at 25° C with the following half cells:
Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni2+ (0.50 M).
Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the cell generates an electric current and determine the
cell potential.
(Given: E°Ni2+/Ni = – 0.25 V, E°Ni2+/Ni = – 1.66V)

22. (i) What type of battery is lead storage battery? Write the anode and cathode reactions and the overall cell
reaction occurring in the operation of a lead storage battery.
23. Calculate the potential for half cell containing 0.1 M K2Cr2O7(aq), 0.20 M Cr3+(aq) and 1.0 × 10-4 M
H+(aq). The half cell reaction is
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6e– → 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l), and the standard electrode potential is given as E° =
1.33 V.
24. (i) State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Write an expression for the molar conductivity
of acetic acid at infinite dilution according to Kohlrausch law.
(ii) Calculate ∧°m for acetic acid
Given that ∧°m(HCl) = 426 S cm2 mol-1, ∧°m(NaCl) = 126 S cm2 mol-1
∧°m(CH3COONa) = 91 S cm2 mol-1
25. E°cell for the given redox reaction is 2.71 V.
Mg(s) + Cu2+(0.01 M) → Mg2+(0.001 M) + Cu(s)
Calculate Ecell for the reaction. Write the direction of flow of current when an external opposite potential
applied is
(i) less than 2.71 V and
(ii) greater than 2.71 V
26. (a) A steady current of 2 amperes was passed through two electrolytic cells X and Y connected in series
containing electrolytes FeS04 and ZnS04 until 2.8 g of Fe deposited at the cathode of cell X. How long did
the current flow? Calculate the mass of Zn deposited at the cathode of cell Y. (Molar mass: Fe = 56 g mol-1,
Zn = 65.3 g mol-1, 1F = 96500 C mol-1)
27. In the plot of molar conductlvtty (∧m) vs square root of concentration (c1/2), the following curves are
obtained for two electrolytes A and B:
 Answer the following:
(i) Predict the nature of electrolytes A and B.
(ii) What happens on extrapolation 0f ∧m to concentration approaching zero for electrolytes A and B?
28. (i) Define molar conductivity of a solution and explain how molar conductivity changes with change in
concentration of solution for a weak and a strong electrolyte.
29. The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 1500 Ω. What is the cell
constant if the conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.146 × 10-3 S cm-1 ?
30. What type of a battery is the lead storage battery ? Write the anode and the cathode reactions and the
overall reaction occurring in a lead storage battery when current is drawn from it.
31. Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Why does the conductivity of
solution decrease with dilution?
32. Express the relation among cell constant, resistance of the solution in the cell and conductivity of the
solution. How is molar conductivity of a solution related to its conductivity?
33. The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm2 mol-1. Calculate the
conductivity of this solution.
34. Write the name of the cell which Is generally used in hearing aids. Write
the reactions taking place at the anode and the cathode of this cell.
35. Write the name of the cell which is generally used in inverters. Write the reactions taking place at the anode
and the cathode of this cell.
36. From the given cells:
Lead storage cell, Mercury cell, Fuel cell and Dry cell Answer the following:
(i) Which cell is used in hearing aids?
(ii) Which cell was used in Apollo Space Programme?
(iii) Which cell is used in automobiles and inverters?
(iv) Which cell does not have long life?
37. What is the effect of carbon dioxide in water on corrosion?

38. The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCI solution at 298 K is 1500 Ω. What is the cell
constant if the conductivity of 0.001 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.146 × 10-3 S cm-1?
39. The conductivity of 0.20 M KCl solution at 298 K is 0.025 S cm-1. Calculate its molar conductivity.
40. Resistance of a conductivity cell filled wIth 0.1 M KCl solution is 100. If the resistance of the same cell
when filled with 0.02 M KCl solution is 520Ω, calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 M
KCl solution. (The conductivity of 0.1 M KCl solution is 1.29 S m-1.)
41. The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 M NaOH+ solution of diameter 1 cm and length 50 cm is 5.55
× 103 ohm. Calculate its
(i) resistivity
(ii) conductivity, and
(iii) molar conductivity.
42. The molar conductivities at infinite dilution for sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride are
91.0, 425.9 and 126.4 S cm2 mol-1 respectively at 298 K. Calculate the molar conductivity of acetic acid at
infinite dilution.
43. (a) Write the reaction that occurs at anode on electrolysis of concentrated H2SO4 using platinum electrodes.
(b) What is the effect of temperature on ionic conductance?
44. Write anode and cathode reactions that occur in dry cell. How does a dry cell differ from a mercury cell?
45. Calculate the limiting molar conductivity of CaS04 if limiting molar conductivities of calcium and sulphate
ions are 119.0 and 106.0 S cm2 mol-1 respectively.
46. Arrange the following solutions in the decreasing order of specific conductance.
(i) 0.01M NaCl (ii) 0.05M NaCl (iii) 0.1M NaCl (iv) 0.5M NaCl
47. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K:
Cu(s) | Cu2+ (0.130 M) | | Ag+ (1.0 × 10-4 M)) | Ag (s)
Given: E⊖(Cu2+/Cu) = + 0.34V and E⊖(Ag2+/Ag) = + 0.80V
48. Calculate E⊖cell, for the following reaction at 298K:
2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+ (0.01 M) → 2Cr3+ (0.01M) + 3Fe(s)
(Given: Ecell = 0.261v)
49. For the reaction:
2AgCl (s) + H2 (g) (1atm) → 2Ag(s) + 2H+ (0.1M) + 2Cl– (0.1M)
ΔG° = – 43600 J at 25°C
Calculate the e.m.f of the cell.
50. Write the name of two fuels other than hydrogen used in fuel cell. Write two advantages of fuel cell over an
ordinary cell.

Chemical Kinetics
Worksheet

1. Show that time required for 99% completion is twice the time required for the completion of 90% reaction.
2. The decomposition of NH3 on platinum surface is zero order reaction. If rate constant (k) Is 4 × 10-3 M s-1,
how long will it take to reduce the initial concentration of NH3 from 0.1 M to 0.064 M?
3. The thermal decomposition of HCO2H is a first order reaction with a rate constant of 2.4 × 10-3 s-1 at a
certain temperature. Calculate how long will it take for three fourth of initial quantity of HCO2H to
decompose. (log 4 = 0.6021).
4. For the reaction:
2N0(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NOCl(g)
the following data were collected. All the measurements were taken at 263 K:
Intial rate of
Experiment No. Intial [NO] (M) Intial [Cl2] (M)
Cl2 (M/min)

1 0.15 0.15 0.60

2 0.15 0.30 1.20

3 0.30 0.15 2.40

4 0.25 0.25 ?
 (i) Write the expression for rate law.
(ii) Calculate the value of rate constant and specify its units.
(iii) What is the initial rate of disappearance of Cl2 In exp.4?
5. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant
volume:
SO2Cl2(g) → SO2(g) + Cl2(g)
Experiment Time/s-1 Total Pressure/atm

1 0 0.4

1 100 0.7

Calculate the rate constant. (Given: log 4 = 0.6021, log 2 = 0.3010)

6. The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H2O2 is given by the following equation:
log k = 14.2 – 1.0×104 K T
Calculate Ea for this reaction and rate constant K if Its half-life period be 200 minutes. (Given: R = 8.314
JK-1 mol-1).
7. The rate of a reaction increases four times when the temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate
the activation energy of the reaction assuming that it does not change with temperature (R = 8.3 14 JK-
1
mol-1).
8. Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according to the first order rate law, with
t1/2 = 3.00 hours. What fraction of sample of sucrose remains after 8 hours?
9. The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K. Calculate
the energy of activation (Ea) of the reaction assuming that it does not change with temperature. [R = 8.314 J
K-1 mol-1, log 4 = 0.6021]
10. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at constant
volume.
SO2Cl2(g) → SO2(g) + Cl2(g)

Experiment Times/s Total Pressure/atm

1 0 0.5

2 100 0.6

Calculate the rate of reaction when total pressure is 0.65 atm.

11. A first order reaction takes 20 minutes for 25% decomposition. Calculate the time when 75% of the
reaction will be completed.
12. A first order reaction takes 23.1 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required for 75%
completion of this reaction. (log 2 = 0.301, log3 0.4771, log4 = 0.6021).
13. The decomposition of phosphine, PH3, proceeds according to the following equation:
4PH3(g) → P4(g) + 6H2(g).
It is found that the reaction follows the following rate equation:
Rate = k[PH3]. The half-life of PH3 is 37.9s at 120 C.
(i) How much time is required for 3/4th of PH3 to decompose?
(ii) What fraction of the original sample of PH3 remains behind after 1 minute?
14. Sucrose decosmposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according to the first order rate law with
t1/2 = 3 hrs. Calculate the fraction of sucrose which remains after 8 hrs.
15. Starting from 10 g of a radioactive element, 0.25 g was left after 5 years. Calculate
(i) Rate constant for the decay of the radioactive element.
(ii) The amount left after one year.
(iii) The time required for half of the element to decay.
(iv) Average life of the element.
16. In general, It is observed that the rate of a chemical reaction becomes double with every 1o°. rise in
temperature. If this generalization holds for a reaction In the temperature range 298 to 308 K, what would
be the value of activation energy for this reaction? (R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1).
17. A first order reaction is 50% completed in 40 minutes at 300 K and in 20 minutes at 320 K. Calculate the
activation energy of the reaction.
(Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 4 = 0.6021, R = 8.3 14 Jk-1 mol-1).
18. The rate constant of a first order reaction increases from 2 × 10-2 to 6 × 10-2 when the temperature changes
from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate the energy of activation. (Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771, log 4 =
0.6021)
19. For the reaction A + B → products, the following initial rates were obtained at various given initial
concentrations:

[A] mol / L [B] mol / L Intial rate M/S

1. 0.1 0.1 0.05

2. 0.2 0.1 0.10

3. 0.1 0.2 0.05

Determine the half-life period.

20. A first order reaction is 50% complete In 50 minutes at 300 K and the same reaction is again 50% complete
In 25 minutes at 350 K. Calculate activation energy of the reaction.
21. For a certain chemical reaction variation in concentration [A] vs. time (s) plot as shown in given figure:

(i) Predict the order of the given reaction?

(ii) What does the slope of the line and intercept indicate?
(iii) What is the unit of rate constant k?
22. The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of N2O5(g) at a constant
volume:
2N2O5(g) → 2N2O4(g) + O2(g)

S.NO Time (sec.) Total pressure (atm)

1. 0 0.5

2. 100 0.512

Calculate the rate constant.

OR
 Two reactions of the same order have equal pre-exponential factors but their activation energies differ by
24.9 kJ mol-1. Calculate the ratio between the rate constants of these reactions at 27°C.
23. (a) Define order of reaction. How does order of a reaction differ from molecularity for a complex reaction?
24. A first order reaction is 50% complete in 25 minutes. Calculate the time for 80% completion of the
reaction.
25. The decomposition of a hydrocarbon has value of rate constant as 2.5 × 104 s-1 at 27 °C. At what
temperature would rate constant be 7.5 × 104 s-1 if energy of activation is 19.147 × 103 J mol-1?
26. For a reaction: A + B → P, the rate law is given by, r = k [A]1/2 [B]2 .
What is the order of reaction?
27. Define ‘activation energy’ of a reaction.
28. Define order of a reaction.
29. Define rate of a reaction.
30. For a reaction,
C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g),
rate = 5.5 × 10-14 [C2H4].
(a) Write the unit of rate constant.
(b) Calculate its half-life (t1/2).
31. A reaction is of first order in reactant A and of second order in reactant B. How is the rate of this reaction
affected when
(i) the concentration of B alone is increased to three times?
(ii) the concentrations of A as well as B are doubled?
32. What do you understand by the rate law and rate constant of a reaction? Identify the order of reaction if the
units of its rate constant are:
(i) L-1 mol s-1
(ii) L mol-1 s-1
33. A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How is the rate of reaction affected if the
concentration of the reactant is reduced to half? What is the unit of rate constant for such a reaction?
34. Distinguish between rate expression and rate constant of a reaction.
35. (i) For a reaction A + B → P, the rate law is given by,
r = k[A]1/2 [B]2
What is the order of this reaction?
36. (ii) A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant k = 5.5 × 10-14 s-1. Find the half life of the reaction.
37. Write two differences between ‘order of reaction’ and ‘molecularity of reaction.
38. The rate constant for a reaction of zero order in A is 0.0030 mol L-1s-1. How long will it take for the initial
concentration of A to fall from 0.10 M to 0.075 M?
39. Write a condition under which a bimolecular reaction is kinetically first order. Give an example of such a
reaction. (Given: log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771, log 5 = 0.6990)
40. Nitrogen pentoxide decomposes according to equation:
2N2O5 (g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
The first order reaction was allowed to proceed at 40° C and the data below were collected:

[N2O5] (M) Time (min)

0.400 0.00
0.289 20.0
0.209 40.0
 0.151 60.0
0.109 80.0

(i) Calculate the rate constant. Include units with your answer.
(ii) What will be the concentration of N2O5 after 100 minutes?
(iii) Calculate the initial rate of reaction.
41. (i) Explain the following terms:
(a) Rate of a reaction
(b) Activation energy of a reaction
(ii) The decomposition of phosphine, PH3, proceeds according to the following equation:
4PH3(g) → P4 (g) + 6H2(g)
It Is found that the reaction follows the following rate equation:
Rate = k[PH3]
The half life of PH3 is 37.9 s at 120°C.
(a) How much time is required for 3/4th of PH3 to decompose?
(b) What fraction of the original sample of PH3 remains behind after 1 minute?
42. Explain the following terms:
(a) Order of a reaction
(b) Molecularity of a reaction
43. (ii) The rate of a reaction Increases four times when the temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K.
Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction, assuming that it does not change with temperature (R =
8.314 JK-1 mol-1).
44. (i) A reaction is second order in A and first order in B.
(a) Write the differential rate equation.
(b) How is the rate affected on Increasing the concentration of A three times?
(C) How is the rate affected when the concentrations of both A and B are doubled?
45. (ii) A first order reaction takes 40 minutes for 30% decomposition. Calculate t1/2 for this reaction. (Given
log 1.428 = 0.1548)
46. (i) For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the time required for the
completion of 90% of reaction.
47. What is rate of reaction? Write two factors that affect the rate of reaction.
48. (ii) The rate constant of a first order reaction increases from 4 × 10-2 to 8 × 10-2 when the temperature
changes from 27 °C to 37°C. Calculate the energy of activation (Ea)
49. (i) For a reaction A + B → P, the rate is given by.
Rate = k [A] [B]2
(a) How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of B is doubled?
(b) What is the overall order of reaction if A is present in large excess?
50. A first order reaction takes 23.1 minutes for 50% completion. Calculate the time required for 75%
completion of this reaction.
(log 2 = 0.301, log 3 = 0.4771, log 4 = 0.6021)