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Solving Electrical CircuitPJST9 1 149 Paper 20081
Solving Electrical CircuitPJST9 1 149 Paper 20081
Solving Electrical CircuitPJST9 1 149 Paper 20081
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3 authors:
Marcel U Agu
University of Nigeria
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All content following this page was uploaded by Cosmas U. Ogbuka on 18 November 2015.
C.U. Ogbuka, B.Eng., O.I. Okoro, Ph.D., and M.U. Agu, Ph.D.
*
E-mail: ucogbuka@yahoo.com
oiokoro@hotmail.com
drmarcelagu@yahoo.co.uk
For the purpose of transient analysis using Taking KVL around loop 2,
MATLAB®, a procedural approach is used to d 1 di
mathematically describe Figure 1. The resulting
differential equations are presented in State
− L1
dt
(i2 − i1 ) −
C2 ∫ i2 (t ) − L2 2 = 0
dt
(2)
1 d x3 = Q2
u−
C1 ∫ i1 (t ) − i1R1 − L1 (i1 − i2 ) = 0
dt •
x4 = Q2
• ••
x4 = Q2
1 di di
u−
C1 ∫ i1 (t ) − i1R1 − L1 1 + L1 2 = 0
dt dt
• •
x3 = Q2 = x4 (5)
From Equation 6
• ⎡ L + L1 ⎤ ⎡ − L2 − L1 ⎤
x2 = ⎢ 2 ⎥u + ⎢ ⎥ x1 +
• u 1 R • ⎣ L1L2 ⎦ ⎣ L1L2C! ⎦
(11)
x2 = − x1 − 1 x2 + x4 (8)
⎡ − R1L2 − R1L1 ⎤
L1 L1C1 L1 1
⎢ ⎥ x2 − x3
⎣ L1L2 ⎦ L2C2
From Equation 7
Finally, putting Equations 4, 5, 10, 11 in State
Space form:
• • 1 L •
x2 = x4 + x3 + 2 x4 (9)
L1C2 L1
⎡• ⎤ ⎡ 0 1 0 0⎤ ⎡x1⎤ ⎡ 0 ⎤
x
⎢ ⎥1 ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
Equating equation 8 and 9, ⎢ ⎥ ⎢−L −L −RL −RL ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢• ⎥ ⎢ 2 1 1 2 1 1
−
1 ⎥ ⎢x2⎥ ⎢L2 +L1⎥
0
⎢
⎢x2⎥ L1L2C1 L1L2 L2C2 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ L1L2 ⎥
u 1 R • • 1 L • ⎢ ⎥= ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
− x1 − 1 x2 + x4 = x4 + x3 + 2 x4 ⎢• ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢x ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥u
L1 L1C1 L1 L1C2 L1 ⎢x ⎥ ⎢ 0 1⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
3
0 0
L2 • u 1 R 1 ⎢ ⎥3 ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
x4 = − x1 − 1 x2 − x3 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ −R1
⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
L1 L1 L1C1 L1 L1C2 ⎢• ⎥ ⎢ − 1 −
1 ⎥
0⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥
• u 1 R 1 ⎣⎢x4⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ L2C1 L2 L2C2 ⎢
⎦ ⎢⎣x4⎥⎦ ⎣ L2 ⎦
⎥
x4 = − x1 − 1 x2 − x3 (10)
L2 L2C1 L2 L2C2
(12)
Substituting Equation 10 into Equation 6, we Table 1 shows the MATLAB® Function and
have: Calling files for Equation 12.
CALLING FILE
%Calling program that evaluates equation12
%and save as transient_analysiscall
to=0;
tf=2;
tinterval=0.001;
x0=[0;0;0;0];
tspan=to:tinterval:tf;
[T,x]=ode23('transient_analysis',tspan,x0);
%Graph of loop currents against time
figure(1)
plot(T,x(:,2),'k')
grid on
title('Loop 1 Current Against Time')
xlabel('Time [sec.]')
ylabel('Current [A]') Figure 2: Circuit Response Curves using
figure(2) MATLAB®
plot(T,x(:,4),'k')
grid on
title(' Loop 2 Current Against Time') SIMPLORER® Response Curves
xlabel('Time [sec.]')
ylabel('Current [A]') A proper selection and initialization of the circuit
figure(3) components namely inductors L1 and L2,
plot(T,(x(:,4)-x(:,2)),'k') capacitors C1 and C2, resistor R1, Alternating emf
grid on 100sin(10t) and ground is made. A firm
title('Current through the 1.2H inductor Against connection is made, using the wire connector, to
Time') realize the circuit model as shown in Figure 1
xlabel('Time [sec.]') (except for the switch K since simulation starts at
ylabel('Current [A]') time zero).
REFERENCES
Figure 3: Circuit Response Curves using Engr. C.U. Ogbuka graduated from the
SIMPLORER® Department of Electrical Engineering, University
of Nigeria, Nsukka with First Class Honors. He
was the best graduating student during the
2002/2003 academic session. He is currently
CONCLUSION pursuing his M.Eng. degree in Power Devices.
His research interest is in Electric drives and
The results have shown elegant ways of solving Power Electronics.
the problems associated with transients in
electrical circuits. It is evident from the work that in Dr.-Ing. O.I. Okoro received his B.Eng. and
addition to a good knowledge of MATLAB® M.Eng. degrees in Electrical Engineering from
programming, the MATLAB® approach requires a the University of Nigeria. He holds a Ph.D. in
sound mathematical background and knowledge Electrical Machines from the University of Kassel,
of the basic laws of circuit analysis. Germany under the DAAD scholarship program.
He is a registered Electrical Engineer (COREN)
The SIMPLORER® approach requires only a good and a corporate member of the Nigerian Society
understanding of the SIMPLORER® package, the of Engineers (MNSE) and the IEEE (MIEEE). He
ability to select and appropriately initialize circuit currently serves as the Head of the Department
components and achieve good connections for of Electrical Engineering at the University of
successful simulation. Although a faster response Nigeria, NSUKKA.
time was achieved with the MATLAB® approach,
the two approaches satisfactorily showed the Dr. M. U. Agu holds a Ph.D. in Power Electronics
transient behaviors of the A.C. circuit. It is, from the University of Toronto, Canada. He is an
therefore, recommended that system engineers Associate Professor in the Department of
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