Ch.

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1. Canvas Quiz Chapter 4
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Ch.4 Aqueous Solutions & Rxns
 Solution Concentration

 Double-Displacement Rxns
 Precipitation
 Acid-base
 Gas-formation

 Single-Displacement Rxns

 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Rxns

 Oxidation numbers

 Solution Stoichiometry
Solution Concentration
Molarity (M) =
Sea water:
 0.60 M NaCl = 0.60 mol in1 L
moles =

1000 L of sea water

contains ________
moles of NaCl

500 mL of sea water

contains ________
Moles of NaCl
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.1
Q1: How many grams of NaCl are in 100.0 mL of a
2.50 M NaCl solution?
Molarity Moles Grams
1. Calculate moles NaCl in 100.0 mL.

2. Convert moles NaCl to grams.

Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.1 (Dilution)
Q2: A student wants to prepare 250.0 mL of a 0.300 M HCl
solution from a 2.00 M HCl solution. What volume of the
2.00 M HCl solution should they dilute to 250.0 mL?
1. Do moles of solute change?

2. What are we solving for?

Electrolytes in solution
 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes

Electrolyte Nonelectrolyte
NaCl(s)  Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) H2O2(l)  H2O2(aq)
Electrolytes
- Exist as separate ions in solution
Electrolytes are:
Important ions
 Soluble ionic compounds
(salts) in our bodies:
HCO32-
 Acids
Ca2+
 Bases
Cl-
Mg2+
Weak electrolytes (5% ionized)
PO43-
 Weak acids & bases
K+
Na+
Nonelectrolytes
 Molecular substances
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video (Chapter 2)
Video 2.8 Properties of Ionic and Molecular Compds
Q3: Which of the following does NOT exist as
separated ions when dissolved in water?

 KClO4
 KCl
 NH4Cl
 CH3OH
 NaOH
Periodic Table
 Solubility of Ionic Compounds
For Mastering Homework:
Reference Solubility Table 4.1 in eBook

For Exams and Canvas Quizzes:

Know and use the rule that ionic compounds
containing Na+, K+, NH4+ and NO3- ions are
water-soluble.
 In Ch. 4 Learning Objectives
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.3
Q4: Which of the following types of ionic compounds
are classified as always water soluble?

 Sulfates
 Phosphates
 Nitrates
 Hydroxides
 Chlorides
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.3
Q5: What is the correct formula for the
precipitate produced after aqueous solutions of
magnesium nitrate and sodium hydroxide are
mixed?

Mg(NO3)2(aq) + NaOH(aq) 
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Videos 4.4 and 4.5
Q6: What are the spectator ions in the acid-base
neutralization reaction between HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq)?
 Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.4
Q7: Which of the following should NOT occur when sodium
bicarbonate is added to vinegar (aqueous acetic acid, HC2H3O2)?

NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq) →

 A precipitate should form.

 Water molecules should form.
 Bubbles should form.
 The solution mass decreases as the reaction occurs.
 Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.4
Q7: Which of the following should NOT occur when sodium
bicarbonate is added to vinegar (aqueous acetic acid, HC2H3O2)?

NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq) →

 A precipitate should form.

 Water molecules should form.
 Bubbles should form.
 The solution mass decreases as the reaction occurs.
Canvas Quiz
Questions 9 - 14
Canvas Video 4.6
 Oxidation Numbers
 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Canvas Videos 4.2 and 4.6

 Single-Displacement Reactions

Canvas Video 4.7

 Solution Stoichiometry (Titrations)
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Videos 4.2 and 4.5
Q8: Which of the following is a spectator ion in
the following reaction?
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

 Na+
 H+
 OH-
 There are no spectator ions in this reaction.
 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidation states (numbers) change
Example: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2NaCl(s)

How to determine oxidation state (number)

in Compounds:
 Oxidation number of monatomic ions = charge
 Fluorine is always -1
 Oxygen is -2 (eg. H2O)
 except in peroxides (O22-) and in OF2
 Hydrogen is +1 when combined with nonmetals (eg. H2O)
 Hydrogen is -1 when combined with metals (NaH)
 Oxidation numbers sum to zero in neutral compounds
 Oxidation numbers sum to charge in polyatomic ions
Periodic Table
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.6 (eBook Section 4.4)
Q9: In which of the following compounds and ions is
the oxidation state of sulfur equal to +4?

 SF6

 H2S

 SO3

 SO32-
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.6 (eBook Section 4.4)
Q10: In which of the following compounds is the
oxidation state of carbon equal to -4?

 CH4

 CO

 CO2

 CaCO3
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.6 (eBook Section 4.4)
Q11: Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, decomposes to
water and oxygen gas. What is the oxidation state
(oxidation number) for oxygen in hydrogen
peroxide?
 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
eBook 4.4
Oxidation states (numbers) change
Example: 2Na(s) + Cl2(g)  2NaCl(s)

Oxidation: Ox# increases & electrons are lost

Reduction: Ox# decreases & electrons are gained

Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.6 (eBook Section 4.4)
Q12: Identify the element that is reduced in the
following reaction:

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Single-Displacement Reactions
are Redox Reactions
 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
 Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Table 4.5 in eBook
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.2 and 4.6
Q13: Given that the following reaction occurs and goes to
completion, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Zn(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Cu(s) + Zn(NO3)2(aq)

 Zinc is more active than copper

 Zinc transfers electrons to copper
 Each copper ion gains 2 electrons
 Copper is oxidized
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.7 (eBook 4.6)
Q14: If 23.6 mL of 0.200 M NaOH is required to
neutralize 10.00 mL of a H3PO4 solution, what is the
concentration of the phosphoric acid solution?
H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Canvas Quiz Ch. 4
 Lecture Video 4.7
Q14: If 23.6 mL of 0.200 M NaOH is required to
neutralize 10.00 mL of a H3PO4 solution, what is the
concentration of the phosphoric acid solution?
H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)

1. Calculate moles NaOH from M and V

2. Convert moles H3PO4 from moles NaOH
3. Calculate molarity (M) of H3PO4 from moles H3PO4
and Volume of H3PO4 (10.00 mL)
Be Prepared
for the next class
 View Chapter 5 Videos on Canvas
 Try Quiz Questions in advance (2 attempts)
 Ask questions on Canvas Discussion board.

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 See Exam 1 Module on Canvas