Module 6:

Construction Planning
Techniques
Construction Planning Techniques

1. Bar Chart
2. Network Analysis
3. Precedence Diagram
4. Line of Balance
Line of Balance
Network Analysis
 Bar Chart / Gantt Chart

 A traditional management device for planning &

scheduling construction projects

 Earliest planning method introduced by Henry

Gantt (19th century)

 Features:
 Easiest to understand
 Most widely form of planning tool
 A series of bars plotted against a horizontal time scale
 Bar Chart / Gantt Chart

 Features (cont’d):
 Left hand side – list of activities plotted according to logical
sequence of activities (Taking-Off List)
 Right hand side – bars plotted to a time scale
 Shows the start and finish time and also the duration of each
activity

 Bar charts also used to monitor progress of work

 Double horizontal bars – i.e. programmed & progress, or
 Single bar – indicate / colour actual progress on that original bar
Bar Chart / Gantt Chart
Bar Chart / Gantt Chart

Example of a Bar Chart

 Bar Chart / Gantt Chart

Levels of details of activities depends on the intended use of the

plan. Examples:
 Tender stage – only shows key items of works to prepare tender
 For the Construction Company’s Project Manager/Senior
Management
- in very broad term
- to see progress
○ For Construction Manager
- more detail
- to control the progress
○ For Site Manager/Supervisor
- very detail
- to execute the work
 Bar Chart / Gantt Chart
 Time scale
 Time scale is also prepared to suit the user’s propose.
 Examples: Project Manager/Senior Management – use months,
Construction Manager – weeks, Site Manage/Supervisor – days

 Advantages
 Easy to understand
 Most readily recognised format
 Quick & ready to prepare
 The start & finish dates & duration of each activity is clearly shown

 Disadvantages
 Unable to depict in detail the multitude of inter – related shown
dependencies
 Unable to ascertain critical activities
 Linked Bar Chart
 Links are represented by vertical links between the
completion of one activity and the start of another.

 Advantages
 The merits of bar charts are retained
 Shows clear linkage of activities
 Provides a more realistic presentation of the coordination
needs of the projects
 Indicates the interdependencies of activities and consequently
the effects of localised delay

 Disadvantages
 The concept of float is missing
 The linking of activities may be limited
Linked Bar Chart

Example of a Linked Bar Chart

Line of Balance
 Method Statement

• A document that gives specific instructions on how to perform a work related

task.

• Method statement is submitted by the contractor to the consultant at the

beginning of the project for approval.
• In many projects it must be submitted a few weeks before the contractor start
the activity on site.

• Derived mainly from the construction plan

• The method statement encompasses the following:

-
- purpose - equipment
- scope - risk assessment
- references - safety
- definitions - procedure
- responsibilities - attachments (if any)
 Method Statement
TAJUK PROJEK : MEMBINA MAKMAL KOMPUTER SEKOLAH

NO AKTIVITI TRED KUANTITI JENTERA BURUH ANGKATAP PENGIRAAN TEMPOH (HARI) KOS (RM)

1 Memancang tanda Syarikat - Theodolite(1 Unit) 2 - - 1 500. 00

2 Pengorekan Syarikat 45.9M3 Backhoe(1 Unit) 1 4M3/jam 45.9 =12jam 1 1/2 545. 00
4

3 Menyediakan Syarikat - Alat Aras 2 - - 1/2 500. 00

aras (1 Unit)

4 Lapisan tegar Tukang 39.3M3 Jentera Pemadat ( 1 Unit) 2 1.5M3/jam 39.3 = 13jam 1 1/2 1, 422. 25
Konkrit Backhoe(1 Unit) 1.5 x 2

5 Acuan Tukang 33M2 - 2 3M2/jam 33 = 5.5jam 1 946. 65

Kayu 3x2

6 Konkrit Alas Tukang 13.1M3 Mesin Pembancuh 2 1.6M3/jam 13.1 = 4jam 1/2 1, 465. 95
Gred 15 Konkrit Konkrit (1Unit) 1.6 x 2

7 Lapisan Kalis Tukang 262M2 - 1 35M2/jam 262 = 8jam 1 525. 00

Lembab Konkrit 35

8 BRC Tukang 310M2 - 2 20M2/jam 310 = 8jam 1 2, 520. 00

Besi 20 x 2

9 Konkrit lantai Tukang 50.7M3 Mesin Pembancuh 4 1.6M3/jam 50.7 = 8jam 1 6, 768. 34
bawah Konkrit Konkrit (1 Unit) 1.6 x 4
Gred 30
10 Menanggalkan Tukang 33M2 - 2 6M2/jam 33 = 3jam 1/2 30. 00
Acuan Kayu 6x2
Method Statement
Method Statement
Method Statement
 Compiling a Programme

 Resources
 Organization and utilization of labour, plant and materials

 Activities
 Packages of work which consumes resources

 Logic
 The relationship and interdependence between activities
Example Of Bar Chart / Master Work Program

Refer Short
Term Program

Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
 Short Term Planning

• Detail planning based on Master Work Program.

Can be in the form of Weekly Program or Fortnightly
Program.

• Each operation / activity must be analyzed in detail.

• Any delayed operation must be highlighted at each

stage, so that , drastic action can be taken to
expedite the work.
Short Term Program (Example)
 Determining the requirements
of Sub-programs

▪ Quantity of Materials
▪ No. of Manpower /
workforce
▪ Total, type and capacity of
plant & machinery.
 PLANNING ACTIVITIES
Setting Out
Removal of Excavation
Formwork
Provide Levels
Pour ACTIVITY
Concrete SEQUENCING

Hardcore
BRC

Lean
DPC
Concrete Formwork
As a source of reference
for work below finish floor
level, as per gridline set in
the plan.

Organized by the
company by erecting
profile boards 50 x 25 mm,
fully supported
underneath, and the
gridlines are marked using
nails.
Preparation for foundation work and floor slab.
Excavated by backhoe.
Over site excavation and foundation works.
To determine the exact
depth / height of the work.
Handled by a supervisor
& a chainman.
Instrument in use: Dumpy
level
Performed by Mason.
Use backhoe & compactor
to level and compact the
hardcore.

The surface is covered with

sand.
 Performed by carpenters: side of
raft foundation.
Required in specification before
BRC is laid.
Mixture of ( 1 : 3 : 6 )
Thickness : 50 mm
Fixed by
mason To prevent water
from rising
through the floor
and raft
foundation.
Lay B.R.C. as reinforcement.
Overlapping between BRC’s and the location of the
kicker must be clearly identified, so that optimum
support is provided.
Concreting done by mason.
Concrete grade 30 is used, and it must be spread,
leveled and compacted appropriately.
Concrete mixer required on-site.
Remove formwork after the
concrete is cured.
Work to be handled by
general labour.
 TAJUK PROJEK : MEMBINA MAKMAL KOMPUTER SEKOLAH

NO AKTIVITI TRED KUANTITI JENTERA BURUH ANGKATAP PENGIRAAN TEMPOH (HARI) KOS (RM)

1 Memancang tanda Syarikat - Theodolite(1 Unit) 2 - - 1 500. 00

2 Pengorekan Syarikat 45.9M3 Backhoe(1 Unit) 1 4M3/jam 45.9 =12jam 1 1/2 545. 00
4

3 Menyediakan Syarikat - Alat Aras 2 - - 1/2 500. 00

aras (1 Unit)

4 Lapisan tegar Tukang 39.3M3 Jentera Pemadat ( 1 Unit) 2 1.5M3/jam 39.3 = 13jam 1 1/2 1, 422. 25
Konkrit Backhoe(1 Unit) 1.5 x 2

5 Acuan Tukang 33M2 - 2 3M2/jam 33 = 5.5jam 1 946. 65

Kayu 3x2

6 Konkrit Alas Tukang 13.1M3 Mesin Pembancuh 2 1.6M3/jam 13.1 = 4jam 1/2 1, 465. 95
Gred 15 Konkrit Konkrit (1Unit) 1.6 x 2

7 Lapisan Kalis Tukang 262M2 - 1 35M2/jam 262 = 8jam 1 525. 00

Lembab Konkrit 35

8 BRC Tukang 310M2 - 2 20M2/jam 310 = 8jam 1 2, 520. 00

Besi 20 x 2

9 Konkrit lantai Tukang 50.7M3 Mesin Pembancuh 4 1.6M3/jam 50.7 = 8jam 1 6, 768. 34
bawah Konkrit Konkrit (1 Unit) 1.6 x 4
Gred 30
10 Menanggalkan Tukang 33M2 - 2 6M2/jam 33 = 3jam 1/2 30. 00
Acuan Kayu 6x2
 TAJUK PROJEK : MEMBINA MAKMAL KOMPUTER SEKOLAH

NO. AKTIVITI HARI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Memancang tanda

2 Pengorekan

3 Menyediakan aras

4 Lapisan tegar

5 Acuan

6 Konkrit alas

7 Lapisan kalis lembab

8 BRC

9 Konkrit lantai bawah

10 Menanggalkan acuan
 If the objectives of the programs are not
met, we should re-assess the sub -
programs from the perspective of :

Elements not within

Delivery of
our control
Materials

Attendance of Capacity of
Manpower/labour Machinery
Thank You