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Personal Development
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
Teen-age Relationships
Including the Acceptable and
Unacceptable Expressions
of Attractions
CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Module 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Teen-age Relationships Including the Acceptable
and Unacceptable Expressions of Attractions
First Edition, 2021
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Teen-age Relationships
Including the Acceptable and
Unacceptable Expressions
of Attractions
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written to help you understand the concept
of relationships and family that is broad and varies from person to person. A
relationship experience is unique to all individuals but is viewed universally as a
state of connectedness that it mostly emotional in its sense. This state of close
connection between people becomes personal relationships formed by bonds and
interactions that often grow from and are strengthened by mutual experiences.
This lesson will give an idea on how to build a happier and more fruitful
relationship with others by understanding the problems people are facing and by
developing friendly relationship through effective and loving connections.
The content of this lesson is about Teen-age Relationships including the
acceptable and unacceptable expressions of attractions.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Understand teen-age relationships, including the acceptable and

unacceptable expressions of attractions.
1.1. Define relationships; and
1.2. Enumerate acceptable and unacceptable expressions of attractions
What I Know
A. Write the word True if the statement is correct and write the word False if the
statement is not correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_______1. Attraction is a force that unite people.
_______2.Affection is one of human beings' greatest emotions.
_______3.Infatuation is love without engagement or intimacy.
_______4. People differ in what they consider attractive.
_______5. Relationship is a one-way traffic.
_______6. Personal Relationship is a form of relationship closely linked to a
person and which can only be important to that person.
1 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Module 1
_______7.Affection is one of the qualities in a relationship that everyone
looks for.
_______8.According to research study, people differ in what they consider
attractive, and cultural influences on attractiveness.
______9.Ladies with broad shoulders and a small waist are not attractive to
men.
______10.Intimacy is a sharing of details, emotions, and intimate thoughts
B. Write the word Yes if the statement is correct and write the word No if the
statement is not correct.
______11.Filipino culture is bound to believe that a decent display of
someone's feelings also a must, to be accepted by society;
______12.Macoi has leadership and work skills but does not have good
looks. Is it attractive to ladies?
______13.Majelyn dictates to her boyfriend how to dress up
and what to eat. Is this a controlling issue?
______14. Is “Love” one of the three components of a healthy
relationship according to Sternberg?
______15 Is cheating one of the unacceptable issues in any relationship?
Lesson
Understanding Personal
1 Relationships
Relationship
It is said that every kind of relationship is a two-way traffic which means that
all parties should learn how to give and take. There are different forms of
relationships and each of us has a clear description for each of these forms. We
certainly have our own ways of creating and improving these relationships.
Let us try to define each one of them.
In this lesson, you will be able to understand what personal relationship

really is. Personal relationship is practically the kind of relationship that we have
with our families, friends, and partners in life. This definition also applies to our
relationship with those people who are significant to us.

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What’s In
ACTIVITY: Picture Analysis

Do you remember someone who has caused you to lose self-control? In building
personal relationships you might encounter difficulties or conflicts that might lead
you to anger or frustration. Describe the pictures below and write your
reaction/observation on the spaces provided.
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Process Questions:
1. What do the pictures want to convey?
2. What did you feel after you wrote your reaction/observation to the
images?
3. Have you experienced this kind of scenario before? If so, how did you
deal with it? If not yet, how will you react to this kind of situation?
What’s New
Read the poem below and answer the questions that follow.
PURPOSE OF AFFECTION
By: Jessica V. Durante
Loving is sharing life with each other,

In order to create special plans for only two,
Standing side by side, then smiling with pride,
Dreams, one by one, all come true.
To love is to help and nurture,

With smiles and honest words of advice,
In order to take the time to share,
To attend to and to feel for
In tender, sweet and gentle shapes
Love is about getting someone special,

One you can always count on
Being together over the years,
Sharing both happiness and sadness,
As a partner, and a friend
Love is the creation of memories that are special.

Of the times you cherish pondering,
And all the amazing things relationship-sharing promises
Love is the greatest of all,
I discovered the full meaning

Of giving and of providing
Making all of my dreams come true;
I have found the true essence of affection
By just being with you and loving you.

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Process Questions:
1. How did you feel after reading the poem? Why?
2. What does the writer want to tell about the line "Love is the
greatest of all"?
3. How would you express affection to your loved ones if you were the author?
(You may write a poem of your own.)
What is It
Affection is one of human beings' greatest emotions. There is a lot of passion,

but more are conveyed in an intimate partnership with a compatible partner.
Romantic attachments are one of the most important aspects of life for these people,
and a source of tremendous fulfilment. However, the will to create a human link
seems innate, which develops our ability to build a healthy and loving relationship.
Some suggest that early childhood begins to develop the capacity to create a healthy
relationship with a nanny who regularly satisfies the child's food, treatment,
comfort, protection, stimulation, and social interaction needs. Such partnerships
are not destinies but are hypothesized to establish deeply embedded relationship
patterns with others. The end of a relationship is however also a source of significant
mental trauma.
What is personal relationship?

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP- is a form of relationship closely linked to a person
and which can only be important to that person.
Kinds of Personal Relationship

o PRIVACY and INTIMACY- are two attributes describing personal relationships
and level of commitment to another person/s
o IMPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP- commitment to an organization like a business
entity, a principle or purpose.
o ATTRACTION- it is a force that unites people and can grow into an attachment
which eventually leads to commitment.
Everybody knows when they go into a room packed with friendly faces, and
while they seem open and able to speak, there is only one face standing out from
the crowd. There may be a lot of people in the room who are physically attractive,
but you do not seem to keep your eyes away from one person.

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Here are some of the attractions you need to remember:
1. Physical attraction is based on instinct.

Most people would claim that they are attracted to someone after a few
seconds of their first encounter. April Masini, who also gives ABC
Entertainment News relation advice, wrote books like Date Out of Your
League, suggests that females are naturally attracted to men who exude
affection and passion and seem to live a fascinating life. Heterosexuals tend
to be attracted to men with traditionally masculine features including
muscle body, square jaw, straight nose, and narrow eyes, physically or
emotionally. These physical properties often include higher testosterone
levels, common among "alpha males." Alpha males display a particular
personality trait, including directness, determination, and power.
2. Physical attraction does not necessarily lead to a good relationship

The first physical attraction is a very poor indicator, according to Dr.
Margaret Paul, an expert in relationship who has a Ph.D. in psychology,
about how well a relationship performs that can lead to a feeling about
abandonment.
3. Platonic attraction is important.

You also consider how trustworthy he or she seems to be and how loving
he or she is, in addition to how physically attractive your future partner is.
Is he calling, for instance, when he says he's going? Does she answer the
phone if you call her? Is he going to find little things and compliments?
When you talk about movies or sports you like, does she even listen to you?
The building block of deep emotional links are also common interests.
Having a common family history may also be helpful. Aaron Ben-Ze'ev,
a professor of philosophy and author of The Subtlety of Emotion, suggests
that your relationship may benefit from physical proximity, living close to
your interest in love. Believe it or not, it seems that simply living in the same
city or neighborhood makes people experience more platonic attractions
with each other.
4. The unattainable is attractive.

We just want something that cannot be achieved. According to Helen
Fisher, Ph.D., Professor at the Rutgers Department of Anthropology and
Chief Scientific Advisor to the Chemistry online dating service, it will still be
attractive to someone we consider "out-of-the-league" because they are
ideal. As a way to force ourselves to strengthen both our body appearance
and our social status, we could be producing these frustrating crushes. At
the same time, loving yourself and being patient is the most important
thing, because it is impossible to genuinely love someone else without loving
yourself first.

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Attraction
Proximity and similarity contribute to relationship-building, and reciprocity
and self-disclosure are critical for sustaining relationships. Yet, what characteristics
do we find attractive about a person? We don't shape relationships with someone
who lives or works in our vicinity, so how do we determine which particular
individuals we want as friends and partners? Researchers have documented several
characteristics which are attractive to humans. People differ in what they consider
attractive, and cultural influences on attractiveness. Nevertheless, research
indicates that some commonly attractive characteristics in women include wide
eyes, high cheekbones, a thin jaw line, a slim build (Buss 1989), and a lower waist-
to-hip ratio (Singh 1993).
Likewise, attractive features of men include being tall, having broad
shoulders, and a small waist (Buss 1989). Both men and women with high levels of
facial and body symmetry are commonly seen as more attractive than asymmetric
individuals (Fink, Neave, Manning and Grammer 2006; Penton-Voak et al. 2001;
Rikowski and Grammer 1999).
In future female partners, social characteristics that people consider attractive
include comfort, empathy, and social skills; in males, the desirable characteristics
include competence, leadership abilities, and work skills (Regan and Berscheid
1997).
While humans want physically attractive mates, this doesn't mean we are
looking for the most attractive person possible. In fact, this observation has led some
to propose what is known as the matching hypothesis that asserts that people tend
to choose someone they see as their equal in physical attractiveness and social
desirability (Taylor et. al. 2011).
People weigh the attractiveness of a potential partner against the probability
of succeeding with that individual. If you believe you are particularly unattractive
(even if you are not), you would probably be looking for partners that are fairly
unattractive (i.e. unattractive in physical appearance or behavior).
Typically, we love the people we make relationships with, but the sort of love
we have for our families, friends, and lovers is special. Robert Sternberg (1986)
suggested that love has three components: affection, passion, and dedication. These
three components form a triangle that distinguishes many forms of love: this is
known as the triangular love theory by Sternberg.
Love is sometimes characterized by intimacy which is the sharing of details
and emotions and intimate thoughts.
Sternberg (1986) states that a healthy relationship will have all three
components of love – intimacy, passion, and commitment – which are described as
consummate love.At different stages of life, however, different aspects of love may
prevail more. Other types of love involve affection, described as intimacy, but not
passion or commitment. Infatuation is love without engagement or intimacy. Empty
love means engagement without passion or intimacy. Companionate love,

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characteristic of close friendships and family relationships, is affection and loyalty
but there is no passion. Passion and affection describe romantic love, but no
engagement. Lastly, fatuous love is characterized by passion and devotion but no
intimacy, such as a long-term sexual love affair.
Understanding the Acceptable and Unacceptable Means of Expressing

Attractions Toward The Opposite Sex
You have understood well the essential traits of a good relationship. This time,
allow yourself to open your mind to see the difference between acceptable and
unacceptable means of expressing attractions towards the opposite sex. In this way,
you will also have a chance to unlearn the bad practices that you have in showing
how attracted you are to someone.
Filipino society has set standards for terribly unacceptable way to demonstrate
someone's attractions against those who are practically acceptable. Perhaps you are
asking why it is important to understand and realize these things.
Filipino culture is bound to believe that a decent display of someone's feeling

is also a must to be accepted by society. It is a major disappointment that anyone
who fails to follow this standard will be classified as poorly educated by society or
the community, or how one’s parents failed at parenting.
Because of the Filipinos’ culture of decency, the Republic of the Philippines

seriously believed that the issues of people's means of expressing attractions to the
opposite sex or gender can be legally addressed. The Republic Act (RA) 11313,
otherwise known as the Safe Space Act, intentionally prohibits indecent and
unlawful acts of expression. This RA broadens the scope of the RA 7877 or the Anti-
Harassment Act of 1995. This law recognizes that sexual harassment occurs in the
workplace, education, and training environments, and penalizes persons who have
authority, influence, and moral status in those institutions who commit prohibited
acts of sexual harassment. While the Safe Space Act addresses these gaps in our
legal framework by recognizing that sexual harassment can be committed between
peers. A good example of this are: a subordinate to a superior, a student to a teacher,
or a trainee to a trainer.
What Makes a Healthy and Acceptable Expression of Attractions?

As you are happy to see and spend time with your partner, you know that
you are in a stable relationship. No partnership is ever perfect, and when basic
conflicts arise, causing tension with others, you will certainly feel that the
relationship is unstable for a moment. There are many factors that lead to the growth
and maintenance of healthy and acceptable relationships, including:
1. Mutual respect. Will he or she get to know how smart and why you are? Will
your partner listen to you when you say you are not happy doing something
and then instantly back off? Respect in a partnership means that each partner
trusts and respects the weaknesses of each other and will never question
them.

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2. Trust. You talk to a classmate, and your partner wanders about. Is he going
to lose his cool, or is he going to keep walking, because he knows you are never
going to cheat on him? Often it's normal to get a little jealous; jealousy is a
common feeling. But how a person reacts when he feels jealous is what
matters. Though you trust each other, there is no guarantee that you will have
a healthy relationship.
3. Honesty. This one goes hand-in - hand with confidence, because when one
of you is not honest, it is difficult to trust another. Have you ever caught your
partner in a total lie? Like when she told you that she / he was occupied with
homework, but it turned out that she / he was talking to friends? You're going
to have a lot of difficulty believing the next time she / he says she / he has to
work and the trust will be on dangerous foundations.
4. Support. It is not only in difficult times that you should be supported by your
partner. Usually, when the whole world is falling apart, we thought that this
is the only time we need support from others. Even in your best, you still need
support and when time gets tough, your significant other should still be there.
For instance, your partner should be there when you find out that your
parents are breaking apart and he/she should also rejoice with you when you
get a great score.
5. Fairness/Equality. You need to have a give and a take in your relationship.

Do you take turns deciding what kind of food to eat? Are you going out with
your friends as a partner as much as you stay out with your friends? If it is
not a fair balance, you will know. When a relationship transforms into a power
struggle, with one party trying to get his or her way all the time, changes get
really fast.
6. Separate identities. In a stable relationship, everybody has to make

compromises. But that does not mean you should have the feeling that you
are losing yourself. You both had your own lives when you started out
(families, friends, interests, hobbies, etc.) and that should not change. You
should not pretend to like something that you do not like, or give up seeing
your mates, or give up something that you love. And you should also feel free
to build new abilities or interests, make new friends, and move forward.
7. Good Communication. Are you going to speak to each other and share the
feelings that matter to you? Don't keep your emotions locked up because you
are afraid your partner does not even need to hear about it. And if you need
some time to think about something before you are ready to talk about it, you
will be provided some space by the right person to do that.
10 Things That Are Unacceptable in Any Relationship
Every relationship has its ups and downs, and we all have to
compromise a little to make them work. But if your partner consistently does
the following, it might be time to think twice.

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1. Cheating
If you are in a committed, monogamous relationship, cheating should
be out of the question. Many people will say infidelity is a deal-breaker.
However, others will decide to stay with their partners after an affair, and,
under the right circumstances, it is possible to heal the relationship. If you
do decide to maintain the relationship, your partner says they will never
cheat again, and they do, it’s likely that they will continue to break your
trust.
2. Putting you down
No one has the right to make you feel bad about yourself. Whether
blatant or subtle, if your partner criticizes your looks, your hair, your laugh,
your intelligence, or anything, they’re not worth your time.
3. Not supporting your dreams
In a relationship, you should be each other’s cheerleaders. When you

feel discouraged, they should tell you all the things you’re doing right. If you
feel like running out of options, they should ask what he can do to help you
reach your goals.
4. Controlling
You should have a life outside of your relationship, away from your
partner. It is not their place to tell you who you can see, when you can see
them, what to eat, or how to dress. This controlling behavior can be a
warning sign of physical abuse and should be taken seriously.
5. Lack of communication
You will never be able to grow together if you don’t discuss your
wants and needs. You both need to feel comfortable openly expressing your
feelings, good and bad, otherwise you might begin to resent each other.
6. Unnecessary sacrifices
Compromise is a must in a relationship, but if you feel like you’re

giving up everything, while your significant other is sacrificing nothing,
something’s not right. Have you heard someone say they got rid of their pet
because their fiancé didn’t like cats? Or quit their job, left their family, and
moved to other places for someone who wouldn’t do the same for them?
These should serve as your red flags or warning signs that there is
something wrong in how your significant other treats you.
7. Unreliability
When your cellphone is not working, you need advice, or you’ve just
had a bad day and need a hug, do they come to your aid? If they’re not there
for you when you need them the most, think twice: why are you with them?

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8. Forgetting the memorable day
There’s a stereotype that men always forget anniversaries and

birthdays. Whether that’s true or not, it’s not okay. It’s normal for
something to slip our minds, but your man (or woman) should remember
those little things that are important to you.
9. Self-destruction
Sometimes we fall for people who are in rough situations. Though it

can be difficult, it’s important to be there for your loved ones during these
times and encourage them to seek help if necessary. However, if they are
engaging in destructive behavior that is negatively affecting you, and they
refuse to seek help, you might want to consider leaving. There is only so
much you can do, and it is not your fault that they are not willing to help
themselves.
10. Not caring about friends and family
When you want to build a life with someone, you have to accept every
part of them, including the people they care about. Your partner not making
an effort to get to know your loved ones can cause a major strain on your
relationship.
Source: https://www.coursehero.com/file/35081925/1-PERDEV-Personal-Relationship-AAttraction-
Love-and-Commitmentdocx/
What’s More
Activity: Situational Analysis
Identify whether the following pictures are acceptable or unacceptable expressions of

attraction. Acceptable expression of attractions are beneficial for both parties, and
unacceptable expressions of attraction displease each individual in a relationship or
even the people in the society.

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Process Questions:
1. How did you categorize the acceptable and

unacceptable teen-age relationships?
2. If you are in that situation how would you react?
3. Why do we need to understand the acceptable
and unacceptable teen-age relationships?
What I Have Learned
Test I. Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete each sentence. Write your
answer on a separate sheet.
1. ________________is practically the kind of relationship that we have with our

families, friends, and partners in life.

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2. _______________ is a force that unites people and can grow into an
attachment which eventually leads to commitment
3. __________________ commitment to an organization like a business entity, a

principle, or purpose.
4. __________________ means engagement without passion or intimacy.
5. People differ in what they consider attractive and cultural influences on

__________________.
Test II. Modified True or False.

Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is not correct, change the
underlined word/s with the correct answer. Write your answer in a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Physical Attraction is based on Knowledge.
2. Physical attraction does not necessarily lead to a good relationship.
3. Korean culture is bound to believe that a decent display of someone's feeling

is also a must to be accepted by society.
4. Some of the factors contributing to the formation and sustainability of

healthy and acceptable relationships are Mutual Respect, Honesty and
Good Communication.
5. Unhealthy relationship will have all three components of love-intimacy,

passion and commitment which are described as consummate love .
What I Can Do
Have you experienced, or have you known someone who has experienced the
following unacceptable expression of attractions? Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
a. Cheating
b. Controlling
c. Unreliability
d. Lack of communications skills

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Answer table below. The situation is written on the first column. On the second
column, write the reasons why these unacceptable expressions of attractions
happen; on the third column, write the possible effects of this kind of relationship;
on the fourth column, write your reactions; and your advice on the fifth column
SITUATION REASONS EFFECT REACTION ADVICE
1. Cheating
2. Controlling
3 Unreliability
4. Lack of
communicatio
ns skills

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Assessment
A. Write True if the statement is correct and write False if the statement is not
correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
_______1. Attraction is a force that unite people.

_______2.Alpha males show a specific set of personality like trait, including
directness, dedication, which strength.
_______3.Companions can go to one another in the midst of hardship.
_______4. People differ in what they consider attractive.
_______5. Relationship is a one-way traffic.
_______6.Many women claim that when they are looking for a long term
relationship partner, they are simply looking for the opposite of an
alpha male
_______7.Affection is one of the qualities in a relationship that everyone looks
for.
_______8. According to research study, people differ in what they consider

attractive, and cultural influences on attractiveness.
_______9.Ladies with broad shoulders and a small waist are not attractive to
men.
_______10.Intimacy is a sharing of details, emotions and intimate

thoughts
B. Write Yes if the statement is correct and write No if the statement is not correct.
______11.Filipino culture is bound to believe that a decent display of
someone's feeling is also a must, to be accepted by society;
______12.Hil has leadership and work skills but does not have good looks. Is it
attractive to ladies?
______13. Megan dictates to her boyfriend how to dress up and what to eat. Is
this a controlling issue?
______14. Is “Love” one of the three components of a healthy relationship
according to Sternberg?
_______15 Is cheating unacceptable in any relationship

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Additional Activities
Activity: Relationship Goals

1. List your expectations for your current or future relationship goals.
2. It could be in the form of a song, a quote, a hugot or pick up line

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Answer Key
Assessment What's More What I Know

A A A
1. True 1. True
1. Personal
2. True 2. True
Relationship
3. True 3. True
4. True 2. Attraction 4. True
5. False 5. False
6. True 3. Impersonal 6. True
7. True Relationship 7. True
8. True 4. Empty Love 8. True
9. False 9. False
10. True 5. Attractiveness 10.True
B B
B
1.Yes 1.Yes
2. Yes 1. Instinct 2. Yes
3. Yes 3. Yes
2. True
4. No 4. No
5. Yes 3. Filipino 5. Yes
4.True
5. Healthy
Relationship

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References
BaronGorillaMaster. 1 PERDEV Personal Relationship (Attraction, Love and

Commitment).docx. Course Hero. Accessed June 06,2020.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/35081925/1-PERDEV-Personal-
Relationship-Attraction-Love-and-Commitmentdocx/
Harrington Rebecca. 7 qualities in women that men find attractive, according to

science. Business Insider. Accessed June 05, 2020 1:37 PM
https://www.businessinsider.com/what-men-want-in-women-2016-6
LaMeaux, E.C. 4 Things You Need to Know About Attraction. Gaiam. Accessed on
June 10 2020 https://www.gaiam.com/blogs/discover/4-things-you-need-to-
know-about-attraction
OpenStax Psychology. Prosocial Behavior. Revised June 08 2015, CNX.Org.
Accessed June 03,2020 https://cnx.org/contents/F7g8c9Sm@2/Prosocial-
Behavior
Parsons, Britt. 10 Things That Are Unacceptable in Any Relationship. Women
Working. Accessed on June 7, 2020. https://www.womenworking.com/10-
things-unacceptable-relationship/
Philippine Commission on Women. Safe Spaces Act IRR Signed. PCW. Accessed
on June 6, 2020. https://www.pcw.gov.ph/article/safe-spaces-act-irr-signed).
Psychology Today. Relationship Resources. Psychology Today. Accessed on

August 14, 2020.https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/relationships

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Personal Relationship – Attraction,
Love, and Commitment

Module 2
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Personal Relationship- Attraction, Love, and Commitment
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writers: Liezel B. Aling
Editors: Cesar Chester O. Relleve
Reviewers: Melanie Mae N. Moreno, Joseph Jay Aureada, Darwin D. Bargo,
Alona A. Encinares, Philip Ramir L. Punzalan, Maria Theresa I. Tapales,
Carlos Rafael C. Arce, Rita A. Edillo
Illustrator: Salvacion C. Montenegro
Layout Artist: Mark Laurence T. Tapas, Mercelita Tabor San Gabriel
Job S. Zape, Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Christopher R. Diaz
Juan R. Araojo, Jr.
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I, Garcia
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Personal Relationship –
Attraction, Love, and Commitment

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This material was crafted to give you – learners, the right amount of assistance
for you to absorb and acquire all the necessary concepts and nature comprising
oneself. Lessons are bounded on the performance and content standard, learning
competencies and level of the learners. This also used languages appropriate to the
understanding of the varied types of students’ learning acquisition. Sequence of the
lessons adhered to the arrangement of the competencies as reflected on the DepEd’s
curriculum guide for this course.
Lesson Title: Personal Relationship - Attraction, Love, and Commitment

1. Express your ways of showing attraction, love, and commitment .
1.1 Identify the different components of attractions, types of love, and
how it develops into commitment;
1.2 Determine the importance of expressing attraction, love and
commitment; and
1.3 Share your experiences on how you show affections toward another
person or people.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What component of attraction refer to when people tend to be influenced by

what they see?
A. physical appearance
B. proximity
C. reciprocity
D. similarity
2. It is considered as the first form of love

A. husband and wife
B. mother and child
C. relationship with friends
D. teacher and students

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3. It pertains to physical and functional distance
A. physical appearance C. reciprocity
B. proximity D. similarity
3. Which component of love consists affective variables like emotional support

and caring?
A. romantic love C. intimacy
B. commitment D. passion
4. A type of love which comprises the 3 components of love

A. liking C. empty love
B. fatuous D. consummate love
5. _____________ is an attachment style wherein a child is too dependent to the

parents and seeks more attention from them
A. anxious/ambivalent attachment style
B. romantic love style
C. secure attachment style
D. avoidance attachment style
6. Which among the choices below is NOT considered as one of the ways in
expressing commitment with others?
A. empathy C. respect
B. trust D. secrecy
7. What component of attraction is being described when people usually tend to

choose others to be with them because they have things in common?
A. physical appearance C. similarity
B. proximity D. reciprocity
8. What do you call a strong affection for another arising out of kinship or
personal ties?
A. love C. commitment
B. respect D. attraction
9. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of love according to R.

Sternberg?
A. infatuation C. companionate
B. reciprocity D. fatuous
10. This refers to a more complex long-term relationship.

A. commitment C. proximity
B. intimacy D. passion
11. He proposed the Triangular Model of Love.

A. J. Brannan C. C.Strangor
B. H. Fisher D. R. Sternberg

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12. It consists of physiological and affective variables like physical attraction and
emotional responses that promote physical changes.
A. commitment C. passion
B. intimacy D. romantic love
13. In this attachment style, the child used to receive right affection from parent.
He/she feels protected and parents are available anytime.
A. Anxious/ambivalent Attachment Style
B. Romantic Love Style
C. Secure Attachment Style
D. Avoidant Attachment Style
14. Which of the following best describes Oxytocin?

A. It is one of the four “feel-good chemicals that promotes strong
connections between individuals.
B. It is a peptide that conveys a behavior of individual.
C. It produces sad hormones secreted in the brain.
D. It produces a behavior of developing stable, loving, and long-term
relationship.
Lesson
Personal Development:
2 Personal Relationship
Making time for one another is vital to keep the relationship healthy and the
process of give and take are great ways to sustain a relationship (Miller, 2008).
Indeed, any relationship needs to be dealt with mindful and careful

consideration of things, whatever kind of relationship it might be. Keeping a good
relationship with people will help you grow in some ways.
In this lesson, we will try to know how people express feelings and emotions toward
others. By having careful reflections on the ways, we do to express out attraction,
love, and commitment.
What’s In
For you to realize how you express your affection with your various
relationships, kindly accomplish the activity that follows.

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Below are different expressions of yours toward other people. Now, think of
a particular person that first comes in your mind when you feel such expression.
Put their name under each face or just write how you are related to them (example:
“Jose” or if you want, just “best friend”). Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper with a brief explanation. After the given time, explain your answer to the
facilitator or to your classmates.
Illustrated by: Salvacion C. Montenegro
What’s New
Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone
deeply gives you courage. —Lao Tzu
Having and building relationship with others is natural, yet sometimes, it
could be challenging and confusing.

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In this module, you will learn that there are elements hidden behind the idea
of being in a relationship with others, how it starts, and how it grows. By discussing
and defining some important concepts, you will be able to gain ideas on important
these factors are to personal relationship.
Attraction
The Merriam-Webster dictionary, collegiately defined attraction as: the action

or power of evoking interest, pleasure, or liking for someone or something; and
a quality or feature that evokes interest, liking, or desire.
Having this definition, it could be said that attraction is a positive connection
between two or more people that share something in common, like interests,
likes/dislikes, or desires. Some qualities may catch your attention, and which could
spark a certain kind of relationship.
When you have a positive attitude or evaluation regarding a particular person
in relation to different components, that is interpersonal attraction. For many,
interpersonal attraction relates only between two people having an intimate and
romantic relationship. However, it is not only limited to such since it may also
transpire between friends, colleagues, family members, and others.
There are a lot of key components of attraction that may be the reason for
someone liking others. Some of those are:
Physical Attractiveness
Attractive people draw out a more positive first impression. Initially, people
tend to be influenced by what they see. Even the younger ones prefer to look at faces
those adults consider attractive rather than at opposite ones (Langlois, et.al. 1991).
Our perception of beauty, though, differs from one another since it can be influenced
by culture, educational background, social status, etc. Everyone has his/her idea of
what or who is attractive based on physical appearance.
Facial features like the shape and color of the eyes, the nose, the lips, and even the
cheekbones and jaw have an impact when talking with another person or people;
the built of the body, the color of the hair, the complexion, the smoothness of the
skin, and the smile also may be considered with impact as these are the first things
available elements presented even without interaction. It could also be added that
certain similarities in facial and bodily symmetry or resemblance with anyone they
knew, with someone they like, or with a person they used to talk with, could also
be determinants of liking another person or people.
Similarity
When you are asked by your teacher to select a partner for an activity, who do
you usually choose? Why? The common answer might be a friend who used to be
with you, perhaps, because there is a connection between the two of you that you do
not have with others. We can say that you are “on the same wavelength” that is why

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you find it easy to get along with him/her because you share the same interests and
opinions.
Many researches support that similarity causes attraction. Oftentimes, people
classify other people based on information they already knew about them. That is
social categorization, wherein, people mentally group others on where they belong
and that with the same characteristics with them, like group age, religion,
personality, attitude, social status, or education. Thus, this social categorization has
a negative effect. When people rely too much on that mentality, it results to
stereotyping, where someone is being judged by others only because they were part
of a specific group they knew and not based on who he/she is.
Proximity
One of the important aspects of any relationship is distance. Proximity
pertains to physical distance with other people and it is related to functional distance
(how often people interact or communicate with each other). The more you encounter
or interact with the person, the more you allow yourself to get to know him/her better
which leads to a better relationship like friendship or intimate relationship. Most
likely, the people always near you just like your classmate or neighbor has a big
tendency to become your friend.
Reciprocity
We tend to get along with people or with someone whom we have the same
feelings toward. It is called reciprocity. It is when feelings with someone are being
reciprocated or returned in the same way as you do. According to Brannan and Mohr,
authors of one of the modules of in the book of Together: The Science of Social
Psychology, “Another way to think of it is that relationships are built on a give and
take; if one side is not reciprocating, then the relationship is doomed”. These may
happen in any relationship, with friends, classmates, family members, or romantic
partners.
The attraction is something that may happen in different ways, with different
people, and in different circumstances, and may lead to a much deeper connection
or relation with others.
Love
It appears that the word Love has many meanings. Some definitions in the
Meriam-Webster dictionary are:
1. (a) strong affection for another arising out of kinship or personal ties;
(b) attraction based on sexual desire: affection and tenderness felt by lovers;
(c) affection based on admiration, benevolence, or common interests
2. An assurance of affection
Any discussion about love piques the curiosity and interest of young adults
your age. It may differ depending on one’s experience and knowledge of love, though.
Sometimes, it may affect the emotional and psychological being of a person, thus
influencing his/her emotion toward another. This emotional bond depends on the
presence or absence of support from others.

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According to Sue Carter and Stephen Porges, “love is one of the important
components of a complex neurochemical system that allows the body to adapt to
highly emotional situations”. Some elements are responsible for the deep and strong
bonds of a person with others that resulted to love.
One of the accountable chemicals for the connection of two individuals like
between mother and child inside her womb and even after giving birth is Oxytocin
(Keverne, 2006). It is a peptide also known as the love hormone, a female
reproduction hormone, which helps to deepen the connection between mother and
child through breastfeeding. It is transmitted to the brain tissue of the child that
allows and creates a strong bond between them. This is the reason why it is
considered as the first form of love. Together with Oxytocin, Endorphin, Serotonin,
and Dopamine are so-called “feel good” chemicals that promote strong
connections/bonds between people since it releases during happy moments.
Another element that promotes love is Vasopressin. It is also a peptide that

conveys the behavior of an individual’s social engagement (Kenkel et al, 2012). One
of its roles is to produce a behavior of developing stable, loving, and long-term
relationship with others.
The studies of Cohen 2007; Fisher et. al, 2009 explained that the serotonin
production of newly-in-love individuals increases up to 40% just like with the brain
of a drug addict. And, when a person experiences heartbreak, the brain processes
just like an addict quitting a heroin habit.
In the book of Principles of Social Psychology – 1st International Edition by

Dr. Charles Strangor, he explained Robert Sternberg’s proposed Triangular Model of
Love. It says that there are seven (7) different types of Love, and each type consists
of the combinations of variables (Cognitive, Physiological and Affective variables) that
are specified in Three (3) different components/factors: Intimacy, Passion, and
Commitment. (see figure 1)
Intimacy is consisting of affective variables such as closeness, caring, and

emotional support; Passion consists of physiological and affective variables like
physical attraction, emotional responses that promote physiological changes, and
sexual arousal; and Commitment is a cognitive process and decision to dedicate love
to another individual with the willingness to keep the relationship lasts (Brannan, D.
& Mohr, C. D., 2020)

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INTIMACY
Liking
(intimacy alone)
Romantic Love Companionate Love

(Intimacy + (Intimacy +
Passion) Commitment)
Consummate
Love
(intimacy + Passion
+ Commitment)
Infatuation Empty Love

(Passion (Commitment
alone) alone)
Fatuous Love
PASSION Passion + Commitment) COMMITMENT
Figure 1: Robert Sternberg’s Triangular (Theory) Model of Love, adapted from the book
of Principles of Social Psychology – 1st International Edition of Dr. Charles Strangor.
Since love has its different types, we could say that it may happen any time,
to any individual, at a different level with people around us like friends, classmates,
neighbors, family members, etc. The quality of a relationship is how both partners
relate to each other. There are different ways in showing love with our loved ones or
partners and are emphasized in Three (3) attachment styles we display when we
interact with our parents, our friends, and our romantic partners (Eastwick & Finkel,
2008).
Secure Attachment Style – a healthy style wherein the children used to receive
care and easily communicate with the parents since they feel that they are always
available to listen and keep them safe. Anxious/ambivalent Attachment Style - when
children are lacking or seeking more affection from parents because they are too
dependent on them. Avoidant Attachment Style – it is when children are distant to
the parent/s, sometimes due to unpleasant experiences. These attachment styles
have a big effect or impact on how an individual perceived and expresses behavior
with or towards others.

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Commitment
You already have an idea of what attraction is, how it happens, and how it
grows, also the types of love and how each type related and comprised with. Now, let
us have the commitment and how this thing may happen and how it will last.
It is a long-term relationship between individuals. A more complex relationship

that resulted to increasingly turn to each other not only for social support but also
for help in coordinating activities, remembering dates and appointments, and
accomplishing tasks (Wegner, Erber, & Raymond, 1991). Many people say that for
you to be able to have a successful relationship, you should know your similarities
and differences; understand your partner’s needs and desires; and invest time and
effort to work things out and last for a lifetime.
Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani and Dr. Hammond Tarry reiterated the Slotter et al., 2011
that “commitment refers to the feelings and action that keep partners working
together to maintain the relationship”. Any relationship will last through the
cooperation of both parties, without this, the relationship will not last and ends with
breaking up.
Commitment is a choice, a long and not an easy process that needs to be

participated by you and your partner
What is It
Various people have a certain impact in different aspects of your life. It may
be different in level and differ from who or how that person relates to our life.
Expressing our attraction, love, and commitment to a specific person is

different on how we express it with a different set of people. A good example of this
is how you might be open in expressing your admiration with your romantic partner
yet be discreet or reserved in saying or expressing your feeling with your family
members. This difference may be interpreted differently by others, as well. For
whatever reasons, even non-verbally, expressing our love to our support system
(people dear to us) is important and we should continuously communicate with them
and never fail to express that we are grateful with them being in our side.
Below are some collected ideas on how to exercise expressing affections and
developed into a commitment for any kinds of relationship. These may serve as tips
on how to keep healthy relationships with others.
Stay happy. Happiness gives you the feeling of satisfaction for both abstract and
concrete things.

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Be empathic. Empathizing with another is acting with greater cooperation and
overall selflessness—the desire to help, even at a potential cost to the self.
Keep open communication. It provides an opportunity to size up the

trustworthiness of a person by verbally committing to cooperate with another.
Always trust. Working with others toward a common goal requires a level of faith
that others will repay our hard work and generosity. Supporting their interests is
also showing your trust.
Show respect. People are likely to give respect to others by being polite, honest, and
by showing kindness all the time.
Be a helping hand. In times of trouble (e.g., mentally/ emotionally), make

him/her feel that he/she always has you on his/her side.
Notes to the Teacher

As facilitator kindly ask the learner to answer the questions to deepen
their understanding on the topic before allowing him/her to proceed with the
activity. You may ask the questions below or opt to use your preferred questions.
1. What type of love are you experiencing right now? Why did you say so?
2. How do you show your attraction, love and commitment to your loved
ones? Enumerate each.
3. Given the chance to advise others how they can express their commitment
for the relationship to last, what would that be and why?
Sources:
Charles Stangor, Rajiv Jhangiani, Hammond Tarry (2013) Initial Attraction; Similarity, Proximity, Reciprocity,
Principles of Social Psychology – 1ST INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 302-312
Brannan, D. & Mohr, C. D. (2021). Love, friendship, and social support. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds),
Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign,IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from http://noba.to/s54tmp7k

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What’s More
Activity 1.1 Past and Present
For you to be able to strengthen your understanding on our topic, let us have
the activity which will provide you an opportunity to identify how teenagers from the
past expressed their affections compared to your generation and its importance.
A. Talk to a 50-year-old individual on how teenagers express their attraction,

love, and commitment toward others during their times.
B. Ask your parent/guardian or an older one for what they have experienced
from the past and what are their observations in today’s generation on their
ways of showing and expressing their attraction, love, and commitment
with others.
C. After doing A & B, compare it with your own opinion and share it by
presenting your work with your classmates and/or teacher/facilitator.
D. You are opted to use any materials that you think may help you show you
creativity in presenting your list. You can use but are not limited to any
sheet of paper. Please also be reminded that the maximum number of pages
for your work is 2-3 pages.
E. Your work will be graded based on the clarity of idea and the way you
presented in class or with your teacher.
1.2 As Appreciation
Giving something to a person dear to you is a sign of appreciation. This is also

counted as expressing affections towards others. The value of an object or thingis
measured by its appreciation than its monetary amount. Now, let us show
appreciation to others by giving them something that is precious to you.

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Think at least two (2) objects or things that are very much important to you.
Write the name of each object in a 1/8 sheet together with its recipient. After the
given time, share your reasons with your selected classmate or if applicable, with the
members of your family.
What I Have Learned
One of the objectives of this module is for you to understand the concept and
importance of letting yourselfexpress your attraction, love and commitment to
others. Some up your gained ideas and knowledge by completing the statements in
each box below.
I know that ______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I learned ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
I realized ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
My plan _________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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What I Can Do
In this activity, you are going to express your best way of expressing your
attraction love or showing commitment to someone by creating a mini poster out of
cut-outs from magazines, newspapers, or other printed materials. Your mini poster
should be done on a short bond paper and must showcase your ways of expressing
affections to develop a long term-relationship. Write a brief explanation of your work
at the back of your mini poster.
Name: {Title} Section:

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As facilitator kindly ask the learner to discuss his/her output by sharing
the result and his/her insights with the activities or you may ask questions.
(sample questions)
1. What are your ways in express your attraction for someone?
2. How you express your love to someone?

3. How you show your commitment to the person/s?
Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Personal Relationship is the ______________.

a. choice of a person to be engaged in a certain kind of relationship.
b. kind of interaction one makes when dealing in an intimate group of
people.
c. close connection between the people formed by emotional bonds and
interaction.
d. type of person’s involvement in the community where he/she grows to be
a good individual.
2. Romantic Relationship is characterized by ______________.

a. happy experiences shared by individuals
b. mutual love and respect shared by the couples
c. sympathy rendered by individuals towards one another
d. sense of belongingness felt by individuals with each other
3. Which of the following is NOT part of so called “feel good” chemicals?

a. Oxydicin c. Serotonin
b. Endorphin d. Dopamine
4. What do you call the feelings and action that keep partners working together
to maintain a relationship?
a. Affection c. Commitment
b. Attraction d. Love

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5. Infatuation comprises ________________.
a. Intimacy and Commitment
b. Commitment and passion
c. Passion only
d. Intimacy only
6. Which type of love consist of passion and commitment?

a. Romantic Love c. Liking
b. Fatuous Love d. Companionate
7. According to Sue and Porges, it is one of the important components of a

complex neurochemical system that allows the body to adapt to highly
emotional situation.
a. Affection c. Commitment
b. Attraction d. Love
8. It happens when the feeling is being returned by someone the same way as
you do.
a. Physical appearance c. Reciprocity
b. Proximity d. Similarity
9. Which of the following pertains to a physical distance between two

individuals?
a. Physical appearance
b. Proximity
c. Reciprocity
d. Similarity
10. What best describes avoidant attachment style?

a. It can be due to unpleasant experience
b. The child feels more safe
c. Lacking affection
d. Communicated with parent
11. It is thefeeling of satisfaction for both abstract and concrete things.

a. Happiness
b. Empathy
c. Communication
d. Respect
12. Which of the following is a cognitive process and decision to dedicate love to
another individual with willingness to keep it lasts?
a. Affection
b. Attraction
c. Commitment
d. Love
13. It is an element that help promote love that produces a behavior of loving
and lasting relationship.
a. Oxydicin
b. Endorphin
c. Serotonin
d. Vasopressin

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14. Which of the following provides an opportunity to an individual to
verbally committing to cooperate with others?
a. Happiness
b. Empathy
c. Communication
d. Respect
15. Which peptide is known as love hormone?

a. Oxytocin
b. Endorphin
c. Serotonin
d. Vasopressin
1.1 “Reasons of Attraction”
The following components of attractions are the reasons of someone in liking

others. Based on you own characteristics and understanding of yourself, how do you
usually get easily attracted to someone? Arrange the components of attraction by
putting numbers 1 to 4, 1 will be your most common and usual reasons you got
attracted and explain your reasons. Write your answers in a separate sheet.
Components of
Rank Reason
Attractions
Physical
Attractiveness
Proximity
Reciprocity

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Similarity

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Answer Key
Assessment What I Know

1. C 1. A
2. B 2. B
3. A 3. B
4. C 4. C
5. C 5. D
6. B 6. A
7. D 7. D
8. C 8. C
9. B 9. A
10. A 10. B
11. A 11. A
12. D 12. D
13. D 13. C
14. C 14. C
15. A 15. A

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References
Attraction. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 8, 2020.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/attraction.
Love. Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Accessed June 8, 2020.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/love
Jhangiani , Dr. Rajiv, and Dr. Hammond Tarry. Principles of Social Psychology –
1ST INTERNATIONAL EDITION : Charles Stangor, Rajiv Jhangiani,
Hammond Tarry : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming.” Internet Archive,
Accessed June 8, 2020,
https://archive.org/details/PrinciplesOfSocialPsychology.
Brannan, D, and C. D. Mohr. Love, Friendship, and Social Support. Noba. IL: DEF
publishers. Accessed June 8, 2020. https://nobaproject.com/modules/love-
friendship-and-social-support.
Carter, S., and S. Porges. Biochemistry of Love. Noba. IL: DEF publishers, 2020.
Accessed June 9, 2020, https://nobaproject.com/modules/biochemistry-of-
love.
Diener, E. Happiness: the science of subjective well-being. Noba textbook series:

Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Accessed June 8,
2020.https://nobaproject.com/modules/happiness-the-science-of-
subjective-well-being#content
Moskowitz, J. P. &Piff, P. K. Cooperation. Noba textbook series:

Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers, Accessed June 8, 2020,
https://nobaproject.com/modules/cooperation

Module 2

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Becoming Responsible
in Personal Relationships

Module 3
Quarter 2 – Module 3: Becoming Responsible in Personal Relationships
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writer: Morena S. Dela Cruz
Reviewers: Melanie Mae N. Moreno, Regicelle D. Cabaysa, Darwin D. Bargo,
Philip Ramir L. Punzalan, Maria Theresa I. Tapales, Rita A. Edillo
Carlos Rafael C. Arce,
Layout Artist: Mark Laurence T. Tapas, Mercelita Tabor San Gabriel
Job S. Zape, Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Juan R. Araojo, Jr.
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Becoming Responsible
in Personal Relationships

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Personal Development. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The lesson in this module is about Becoming Adolescent in a Relationship.

1. identify ways to become responsible in a relationship;

2. state the importance of becoming responsible in a relationship.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Below are the three kinds of personal relationships EXCEPT one.

a. gang
b. family
c. friends
d. partnerships
2. What item shows the importance of relationships?

a. It provides food and shelter.
b. It assists one in his/her job.
c. It gives one sense of belongingness.
d. It increases one's enthusiasm towards work.
3. What is meant by having quality time with your loved ones?

a. having cheerful moments with your friends
b. having serious arguments with your parents
c. eating dinner with the complete family members
d. spending a day with the family members in the mall

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4. What is meant by being responsible in a relationship?
a. taking turns to do household chores
b. taking your duty religiously and seriously
c. taking advantage of the kindness of the other party
d. taking your responsibility to keep the relationship healthy
5. What is meant by a sense of security in a relationship?

a. being able to own a property
b. being able to secure all important things
c. being able to know you have someone to rely on
d. being able to feel that you have to someone to protect you
6. What is meant by a sense of reliability in a relationship?

a. knowing that there is someone to blame you
b. knowing that there is someone to do things for you
c. knowing that there is someone whom you can rely on
d. knowing that there is someone who can protect you against trouble
7. What item does NOT show well-communicated love?

a. thumbs up to a boy who hit a homerun
b. a cheer to the performance of a young girl
c. a woman scolding her daughter in front of the cashier
d. a man putting a coat to the old woman seated on a bench
8. What statement does NOT show that a person is a good listener?

a. He/She puts earphones on.
b. He/She gives the person a hug.
c. He/She willingly shared his/her point of view.
d. He/She discusses his/her previous experience.
9. Below are the things that comprise trust EXCEPT one.

a. love
b. honesty
c. interrogation
d. encouragement
10. What is likely to happen when one person consistently receives someone’s
trust?
a. He/she will hate him/herself more.
b. He/she will love him/herself more.
c. He/she will demonstrate unpleasant behaviour.
d. He/she will be confident in whatever thing he/she does.
11. What is meant by non-judgmental listening?

a. reacting violently over the issue
b. keeping what was shared a secret
c. keeping your mouth shot the whole time
d. getting the point of view of the person sharing

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12. What is meant by commitment in a relationship?
a. forgetting your own identify
b. offering yourself to the relationship
c. insisting someone to offer him/herself in a relationship
d. making the other party comfortable in the relationship
13. How can you show you value your relationship?

a. I will consider the feelings of my loved ones.
b. I will consider the benefit I get from everyone.
c. I will forget the kindness of the people around me.
d. I will take good care of my loved ones when they are sick.
14. What statements do NOT give the importance of relationships?

a. Help one be decisive.
b. Help one sees his/her potentials.
c. Help one boost his/her confidence.
d. Help one to have a sense of direction.
15. How significant is one's understanding about the importance of a relationship

in his/her life?
a. It will help him/her value his/her identity and capabilities.
b. It will help him/her see his/her future problems and avoid them.
c. It will help him/her evaluate his/her relationships with his/her loved ones.
d. It will help him/her create means of communication with his/her loved ones.

Module 3
Lesson Personal Development: Personal
3 Relationships – Identify ways to

become responsible in a relationship
Everyone has the chance to be responsible being involve in any form of
relationship. It is one of the inevitable things in the world. People seek love, concern,
compassion, sympathy of other people essential for them to overcome challenges in
life and to have sense of belongingness.
People also find it awesome when they show the same feelings they receive
from others. Having someone to share your life success and/or agonies in life may
add joy or give relief to one’s life like friends do. However, it may also bring people to
a difficult situation. Thus, learning the art of committing oneself to other people is
as essential as learning to know oneself.
This lesson aims to make you create a more joyful and fruitful relationship
with others. You are expected to understand the essential ways of becoming
responsible in a relationship. Thus, you are also expected to have a successful
relationship with others through a better way of communication and interaction with
someone dear to you.
What’s In
Let us find how well you learned from the previous lesson. Arrange the
jumbled letters to form a meaningful word in each item below. You may write your
answer on the space provided for.
1. A person obliged him/herself to dedicate his/her time to someone
or in doing something.
_____________________________ MNCOITMETM
2. It is the feeling or state of liking or falling for someone or something that
provided pleasure on your part.
_____________________________ RTATCATNOI–
3. It is the act of being very familiar or a special kind of attachment with
the company of someone.
_____________________________ YCMATINI–
4. It is a sort of arrangement between two people sharing the same feelings
and responsibility.
_____________________________ PAESRTRNIHP
5. It is an abstract thing that is meant to be shown through different means and
is one of the key elements in any kind of relationship.
_____________________________ OLVE

Module 3
As facilitator kindly ask the learner to pick at least two words
from the given items above that he/she wants to expound.
What’s New
Let us try to test your wisdom on how well you manage to become responsible
in handling your relationship with the people around you. Kindly read each of the
situations and give your thoughts.
Situation 1: Conflict with the Parents

You had an agreement with your parents that you would finish senior high
school without engaging in a relationship. However, you fell in love with this guy/girl
that made you more inspired to study hard and make a lot of achievements. How will
you handle this kind of situation?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Situation 2: Conflict with your best friend (Choose the situation applicable to
you/your gender)
You were courted by a varsity player who is so popular in your school. You
are also aware that he is your best friend’s long-time crush. How would you keep the
friendship without sacrificing your own happiness?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
You are courting a student who is not so popular in your school. You know
well that your friends will mock her for she is not their type. Though you found her
so important and very special to you. How would you make your friends accept her
as your special someone?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Module 3
Situation 3: Conflict with your Significant Other
You work with your friends on your research paper. Most of the time you are
with your girl/boyfriend. Your actions and words are so familiar with each other that
is why you get along with each other so easily and work well too without any difficult
feelings except when your girlfriend/boyfriend expresses jealousy over your friend.
How would you help build confidence and trust in your relationship so that you both
surpass this problem?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What is It
Importance of Relationship
In module 17, you have clearly understood the three different kinds of
relationships Family, Friends and Partnerships. This time you will focus on making
yourself a better person in any and every relationship you have.
Try to go over with your answers with the situations given in What’s New. You
might have noticed how you tried to consider other people in dealing with the
scenarios before coming up with a decision. If that’s how you did the activity, you
should be proud of yourself for you clearly manifest the trait of a person valuing the
importance of relationships.
Valuing the feelings of our family, friends, and partner or significant other can
only be evident if we open our eyes to realize the importance of that relationship.
Now, the question lies with ‘How do we see the importance of relationships?’
The significance of any relationship can never be realized if we cannot see the
beauty that it brings in our lives. The moment we realize how relationships actually
shape us as a person is the moment that we realize the importance of relationships
in our interactions and behavior.
Some of the importance of relationships are:
1. Lead us to make healthy relationships. All kinds of relationships can give

you the opportunities to establish a stronger relationship with your shared
experiences and feelings with your loved ones.
2. Help us see our potential. People who love you will always see the wonderful
things in you. Through this loving and supportive atmosphere, you little by
little grow as a person, seeing your worth with your capabilities and unique
gift and talent.

Module 3
3. Boost our confidence. It makes you feel you’re the luckiest person in the
world whenever someone trusts you sufficiently enough. It makes your spirit
enthusiastic and gives you the delightful feeling of self-assurance.
4. Give you a sense of direction. The idea and feeling of sense of belongingness
is such a great source of direction. If you care to give yourself the reward of
having a good life and reputation, you will absolutely do more for the people
you dearly love.
5. Clear our life goals and aspirations. Relationships will help you focus on one
goal and concentrate in achieving it because as the sun sets you know you
have someone whom you can pleasingly offer and share the blissful feeling of
a victorious life with.
6. Build a beautiful person within you. Having all the positive attitudes
towards life and oneself can really create a good aura. Portraying good
personalities can even make you appear and feel young and lovely.
Now that you are aware of the good things you get out from being in a
relationship, this time get yourself hooked with our discussion on how you can push
yourself to be responsible in your own relationships with your loved ones.
Becoming Responsible in a Relationship
When you are in a relationship, you share your experiences and feelings
to help your relationship to grow. However, there are cases that these experiences
may tend to break the relationship if you fail to triumphantly surpass the tests in
your relationships. A sense of responsibility in taking care of your own relationship
can only be established when you realize the boundaries and limitations of your role
and influence in various relationships.
In this complicated world where you may tend to be disarrayed from a healthy
relationship, you can only buckle yourself up with the essential keys on becoming
responsible in any form of our relationships before muddling into serious problems
like unwholesome arguments and/or ugly separation. Read and study carefully the
six major elements of becoming a responsible person in a relationship.
6 Major Elements of Becoming Responsible in a Relationship

These six elements of becoming responsible in any form of relationship
will make you gain and maintain a stronger relationship with your family, friends,
and special someone.
1. Mutual Respect
Lack of respect absolutely brings people to an unpleasant environment
and pushes people from respecting one another and themselves, too.
Establishing mutual respect is easier when one is guided by the virtue
of the Golden Rule once uttered by Jesus of Nazareth explicitly stated in

Module 3
Matthew 7:12 which has direct English Translation “Do unto others what you
would want others to do unto you.” This may be simply interpreted by the
famous line “Respect begets respect”.
This line means a person shall not trespass in his rights or put someone
down when he/she is wrong. We certainly know how well we should respect
people but whenever we are in a relationship. We tend to forget that constant
nagging, scolding and blaming are equal to humiliating someone and equates
to disrespecting him/her.
It is essential to consider this So in order for us to gain respect from
our loved ones or vice versa, we should instead use encouraging words and
learn the art of acceptance to someone’s unique personality or traits and lastly
practice the principle of forgive and forget.
2. Value Quality Time

Having time for fun will absolutely help you create more memories
worth treasuring. Quality time with your loved ones may mean learning to love
them more. Contradictory to what we usually think it is not the quantity of
time you spend with your loved ones that matters but the quality you spend
with them. For example, having a minute of a heart-warming talk or making
fond memories with your kids that is more valuable than having a whole day
of arguing with them.
For instance, in a family, each member should learn to take serious
matters in a separate occasion and spend precious moments with one another
creating good memories together. These memories will serve as their
investment for the future. The time that they spend together will surely have
a positive impact on their relationship as a family.
For a group of people to have some quality time, each of them must
have a very optimistic aura and jolly personality. Jolly personality is always
and obviously appreciated by most of the people. Optimistic point of view is
really captivating and can drive someone to be a better person, too. Being
a better individual means having a good perspective and that is able to make
sound decisions.
Though others may consider different means of spending quality time
with others as sitting quietly together while watching the sunset or reading
their favorite novel together over a cup of coffee, as well.
Optimism and jolliness can surely nurture anyone’s relationship and
turn it to be the best gift one could ever receive in his/her lifetime.
3. Trust and Honesty

Every person deserves to be trusted by someone dear to them
particularly by family, friends, and significant other. It is through genuine
trust that person feels a sense of belongingness and a feeling of being loved.
The person who consistently receives someone’s trust will definitely
grow trusting him/herself based on how others trust him/her. Indeed, positive
encouragement may create a positive outlook in life.

Module 3
Trust is the heart of all relationships, and because of its presence, other
things follow like confidence, loyalty, and most of all honesty.
However, for one to completely trust and be trusted, you must realize
that the first step towards it is honesty. Trust is earned as they say, but we
should also remember that it is not easy to be honest when you know that no
one trusts you. So, in order to keep someone’s honesty, we should be ready to
trust him/her first, as no one would love to be in a relationship without trust
and honesty. Keep in mind that trust will not be visible without honesty, as
honesty shall not come without trust.
4. Well-Communicated Love
Love we felt may certainly start any form of relationship. However, it is
not the thing that can keep it. Love is just a feeling. What really keeps any
relationship is the love that is well-communicated.
Open communication is one of the most essential elements for any kind
of relationship to keep it going. How can we say that our love is well-
communicated? A tap on a shoulder, a kiss on a cheek, a very encouraging
smile, a simple hug, may just be some of the most genuine and sincerest ways
of expressing your love towards one another.
Means of showing well-communicated love may seem to be very simple
for everyone, but in reality, it requires lot of effort. It is not easy to consistently
cheer someone up when you yourself are having a hard time. Though, that
thing per se can make your actions look so genuine and worthy of being
cherished.
5. Reliability and Security

Each one of us dearly loves to have somebody whom we can depend on
and who will guarantee to protect us from any harm or trouble
at any circumstance.
This virtue teaches everyone the value of recognizing someone’s
imperfections that he/she is ready to extend him/herself to the person. This
act of kindness will definitely foster a sense of connection, security, and relief.
A hand that is ready to help would definitely make someone feel he/she
is well-taken care of by someone. This feeling would also develop a sense of
responsibility since he/she would be aware of his/her attitude and behavior
for he/she is being looked upon.
As this affection consistently and mutually exists in both parties, a
stronger relationship might start to develop.
6. Non-judgmental Listening and Presence

Who among us would like to be in a company of people who do not have
the heart to listen and give us a chance to explain our sides first? Most people
would find this situation totally unfair.

Module 3
You may have noticed that there are people who certainly give up in a
relationship for having a difficult kind of feeling, because of being judged for
whatever their past mistakes.
In order to avoid this, listening is the key factor that makes
communication prosper. Sincere listening is also a kind of expressing how
genuine you communicate your love and affection to someone special to you.
Listening with a high value of integrity indicates your presence which
is non-judgmental and not discriminatory.
If we desire to have a stronger relationship with anyone, we should have
the characteristic of a good listener. Being a good listener helps one to become
a good adviser for he/she could easily discern pieces of advice that could
alleviate someone’s feelings. After sharing your thoughts and experience to
someone close to you, you will definitely feel unburdened as if a heavy stone
was lifted from your chest. The weight of your anxiety, worries, and doubts
could diminish just simply by having someone to listen to you without
judgment and prejudice.
This kind of experience will precisely increase your tendency to
reciprocate the love, trust, honesty, and sense of encouragement, reliability,
and security toward another.
No matter what words we use to express the key factors that will make
a healthy relationship, do not forget that it always takes two to tango. For a
relationship to grow and become successful, parties involved should take their
own sets of responsibility.
Remember that being and choosing to be part of any relationship by
any circumstance requires commitment. Committing oneself means offering
the best version of yourself while still learning to accept and wait till the
other party will be able to do the same.
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Understanding Ways to Become Responsible in a Relationships

Sentence Completion
Complete the sentence to define the words from your own understanding.
1. Mutual respect pertains to _______________________________________________
2. Well-communicated love is ______________________________________________
3. Being responsible in a relationship means________________________________
4. Quality time for me is having ____________________________________________
5. Sense of Reliability for me is having ______________________________________

Module 3
Activity 1.2 Thumbs Up, Thumbs Down
Evaluate each expression as to whether they will contribute to building good
and strong relationships between individuals. Circle the thumbs up if you agree with
the statement in each item and thumbs down if you disagree. Explain your thoughts
to the facilitator after answering the survey.
Parent-Child Relationship
1. “Remember that you are loved for whoever and whatever
you become.”
2. “If you don’t succeed you will not get what you want from
us.”
3. “You are such a big dismay to this family.”
4. “Thank you so much for trying to make us proud.”
5. “Sorry If I have disappointed you.”
Friendship
6. “Always remember that no matter what happens, we will
always have each other’s back.”
7. “Sorry I didn’t mean what I said.”
8. “Let us go through this together.”
9. “It’s not my fault, it’s all yours.”
10. “You don’t need to be so sorry. People do really make

mistakes.”
Couple
11. “You know I’m good at this, so let me handle this.”
12. “Let us trust each other and do what we have to do.”
13. “You have exhausted yourself honey, take a rest for a

while.”
14. “You have to thank me for I have always saved you from
your mess.”
15. “Sorry for my imperfections and thank you for accepting
them with all your heart.”
Guide Questions
1. What made you decide to mark some statements with thumbs up?
2. How did you find your ideas about expressions to build and keep a strong
relationship?
3. What have you discovered regarding your point of view about expressions to
build and keep a strong relationship?
4. How can you connect your personal experience regarding these words?

Module 3
Activity 1.3 The List of Five
If you are to name five essential keys to become responsible in a relationship,
what values or personalities would you include to draw your own concept of being
responsible? Write them inside each box, then explain your conceptual paradigm
using the guide questions below.
Guide Questions
1. Why did you choose the values you have given above? How can these values help
one person become responsible in a relationship?
1. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
Now that you have completed reading the module and answering all the
activities you are now to sum up all the things you’ve learned through the
following activities.
Activity 1: Fill the blanks.
Try to complete each statement by giving the exact feelings you have that will
suit to complete the idea in each line.

Module 3
a. Being responsible in a relationship makes me __________________________.
b. A person will become responsible if he/she is __________________________.
c. Valuing our relationship with our loved ones will make us ______________.
Activity 2: Promise Me One thing
With what I have gained from this module I promise to
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
What I Can Do
You are absolutely looking forward to having a good and harmonious

relationship with your family, friends, and significant other. Remember that you
must have open communication with each other.
Since you have understood the essentials of building strong relationships with
others, you are encouraged to express your apology and appreciation towards
someone who is dearest to you. He/she may be your parent, best friend or
boy/girlfriend.
You are to specifically make a flowchart on how you can build a stronger
relationship by having open communication with your loved ones.
In your flow chart you are to list the most essential means for you to do it.
Kindly use the template below.

Module 3
Assessment
1. What is likely to happen when two people shared mutual love? Their
relationship will_______________.
a. grow in numbers alone
b. be pleasing
c. for everybody grow and become stronger
d. be broken and get separated
2. What personality does a good and real friend must have to make
the relationship stronger?
a. envious
b. assertive
c. assertive gregarious
d. compassionate
3. What should a family avoid to maintain the trust in each member?
a. affection
b. dishonesty
c. disagreement
d. encouragement
4. What item will BEST make a good romantic relationship or partnership to last?
a. infidelity
b. generosity
c. insecurities
d. communication
5. What item does NOT show a proper way of communicating one’s love
and affection to someone?
a. warm embrace
b. frequent nagging
c. a tap on a shoulder
d. a kiss on the cheek
6. Being a good listener also entails being a good____________.

a. adviser
b. teacher
c. partner
d. provider

Module 3
7. Which statement shows the meaning of “Respect begets respect”?
a. You should respect others for them to trust you.
b. You should respect others for them to accept you.
c. You should respect others for them to respect you.
d. You should respect others for them to encourage you.
8. What is likely to be developed by a person when he/she is able to experience the

sense of reliability from his/her loved ones?
a. He/She will become loyal.
b. He/She will become honest.
c. He/She will become sensible.
d. He/She will become responsible.
9. Which is NOT true about having mutual respect?

a. Only one party shows respect.
b. It makes the relationship stronger.
c. It develops wholesome relationships.
d. Both parties try to understand one another.
10. How can relationships help you have a sense of direction?

a. It helps me reach my own goal.
b. It helps me gain opportunities I need.
c. It helps me aim to share a good life to my loved ones.
d. It helps me project my concentration to the priorities of both.
11. What will be your BEST reason for valuing relationships?
a. It is the only way to get rid of my bad habits.
b. It is the way to become the best version of myself.
c. It is the first thing to establish connection with everyone.
d. It is the first step for me to become the person I dreamed to be.
12. How important is honesty in any relationship?

a. It creates miscommunication between you and your loved ones.
b. It is the only means of making the relationship stronger and firmer.
c. It is like the last piece of the puzzle that makes any relationship complete.
d. It is through one's honesty that he/she gains the trust of his/her loved ones.
13. Why is it important for us to become responsible in our relationships?

a. It helps us live a good life.
b. It gives us delightful feelings.
c. It makes us the most important person.
d. It helps us see the beautiful people around us.
14. Why is understanding the value of relationships important for you to study?
a. It leads me to assess my own relationship.
b. It leads to re-examine how people deal with me.
c. It leads me to change my values for the sake of others.
d. It leads me to the reality that no relationship is perfect.

Module 3
15. What things clearly show that one person gives importance to his/her
relationship?
a. He/She values his/her potential.
b. He/She values his/her reputation.
c. He/She values opportunities he/she receives.
d. He/She values the feelings of his/her loved ones.
Examine how you are as a person in a certain relationship. Seek the help of
your parent/s, friend, or boy/girlfriend. Conduct an interview for you to see how well
you partake in making your relationship stronger. Use all the information you have
gathered constructively as you build a stronger relationship with your interviewee.
Kindly use the interview sheet provided below.
(Interview may also be conducted using varied platforms like video calls, chat
via messenger etc. Note: face to face may only be applied with the family members
unless they are not living in the same place. Please include a letter to your interviewee
as a written consent IF POSSIBLE)
Dear _____________________,
I am currently completing my requirements to Personal Development one of my
subjects in Senior High School. May I conduct an interview with you regarding the
questions below. Rest assured that your answer will be taken purely for the
completion of my requirements. Thank you.
________________________________
Name of Student
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This is to give my consent on my participation on the matter stated in your letter.
May I be able to take my part in the fulfillment of your requirement on the said
course and gave you enlightenment and wisdom that may be of use to you in the
future.
___________________________________
Name and Signature of Interviewee

Module 3
Name of Interviewee:
(Optional)
Relationship:
1. What word best describes me
as a child/friend/boy/girlfriend in
terms of my relationship with
you?
2. What makes you feel blessed to

have me?
3. In what situations am I too
weak to accept your suggestions
or make decisions?
4. How do I cope with the

challenges of our relationship?
5. What advice would you give me
so that I can overcome my
weaknesses?
6. What things do most of the time

I fail to understand you as a
person/your decision?
7. What shall I do to extend myself

to you during these times?
8. What should I expect from you

as I try to start changing myself to
meet your expectations so we
could both achieve our goals for
this relationship to prosper?

Module 3
Module 3
CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS 18
What’s More
Expected/possible answers
for Activity 1.1.
Mutual respect pertains to
same amount of reverence
both parties received from
one another.
What I Know
Well-communicated love is
1. a concern, affection,
2. c sympathy, trust and
3. a
encouragement that are well
4. d
express and understood by Assessment
5. d
6. c both parties
1. c
7. c Being responsible in a 2. d
8. a relationship means doing 3. b
9. c
your own part to keep the 4. d
10.d
relationship growing. 5. b
11.d
6. a
12.b Quality time for me is 7. c
13.a having some fun moments 8. d
14.a
with your love’s ones. 9. a
15.c
10. c
What’s In Sense of reliability for me is 11. b
1. COMMITMENT having the ability to ease 12. d
2. ATTRACTION someone’s anxieties and 13. a
3. INTIMACY worries. 14. a
4. PARTNERSHIP 15. d
5. LOVE
Answer Key
References
Leo, Amy. 4 Key Elements of Friendships That Inspire. Intention Inspired. Retrieved
June 8, 2020. https://intentioninspired.com/friendships-that-inspire/
Top 4 Elements of Strong Family Relationships. Shady Oak Primary School. Retrieved
June 8, 2020. https://shadyoakprimary.com/top-4-elements-of-strong-
family-relationships/

Module 3

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Various Roles of Different Individuals
in Society and How They Can Influence People
Through their Leadership or Followership

Module 4
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Various Roles of Different Individuals in Society and How
They Can Influence People Through their Leadership or Followership
First Edition, 2021
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Various Roles of Different Individuals
in Society and How They Can Influence
People Through Their Leadership or
Followership

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written to help you understand and identify the
different roles of leaders and followers in society. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module focuses on the various roles of leaders and followers in society.
1. Distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society and how they
can influence people through their leadership and followership
What I Know
Directions: Write L if the statement describes a leader, F if the statement describes a

follower and FL for both. Write your answer in your notebook.
If I am volunteering to handle a task, Am I a leader or a follower?
1. volunteering to handle task

2. set example
3. exhibiting loyalty
4. walk the talk
5. offering suggestions for improvement
6. willing to serve
7. delegate work
8. does not afraid to confront changes
9. learn to appreciate
10. be patient
11. proactive in developing excellence
12. working effectively as a member
13. does not sacrifice personal integrity
14. feels a sense of personal respect understands where they are coming

Module 4
Lesson Various Roles of Different Individuals
in Society and How they can
4 Influence People Through Leadership
and Followership
Leadership is a primary vehicle in fulfilling the goal of a team. It is a social

influence relationship between two or more persons. Becoming a good leader is not
an overnight process or just attending a one –day seminar workshop. It requires
willingness to devote your time wholeheartedly to managing, helping, and coaching
your team without compromising your family time. In short, leadership is a two-way
process; leaders and constituents may work together to get things done easily and
smoothly.
This time you may be able to identify the different roles of leaders and followers
in society.
What’s In
Now let us have a review of the previous lesson. Write FACT if you agree
with the statements, BLUFF if not. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Friend is someone not related to you but very much willing to be part of your
life. He/she is like a family to you.
2. Partnership is a romantic relationship wherein two people create a special
form of agreement, understanding, love, intimacy, and commitment.
3. Mutual respect is important to gain a healthy relationship.
4. Quality time can be characterized by having a positive aura and jolly
characteristic whenever you are with your loved ones.
5. Sense of reliability and security develop a sense of responsibility among the
people in a relationship.
6. Personal relationship refers to the intimate connection between two or more
people established by emotional bonds and interactions through constant and
consistent communication.
7. Family is comprised with love, care, support, compassion, and affection each
member renders to one another.
8. Becoming responsible in a relationship can make any form of relationship
stronger.
9. Well-communicated love entails open communication
10. Good listening with a high value of integrity indicates non-judgmental and not
discriminatory presence.
What are the characteristics of a leader and a follower?

Module 4
What’s New
Directions: Analyze the pictures below. Explain what characteristics of a leader

and follower have been shown here and how can those characteristics influence
people.
Answer
Example:
Leader: Motivates follower by
setting example to them.
Follower: supports the leader
by doing task.
Illustrated by Robinson M. Alegre
Example
Answer

Picture 1
Answer
Picture 2

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Answer

Picture 3
Process Questions:
1. What have you realized after doing the activity?

2. What do you think are the best role of a good leader and follower?
3. How can you improve leadership and followership characteristics?
What is It
A Role defines a set of norms, values, behaviors, and personality

characteristics attached to a status such as leader, follower, or club president. Every
leader assumes role in a society. They are expected to behave a pattern usually
determined by individuals in the society.
To become a great leader, you must be a good follower. This will give high
impact to a society. you must have the important leadership qualities that can affect
constituents and can be developed by anyone:
Roles of an Efficient Leader that can influence people:
1. Set example - a good leader sets the best example. It is the first rule. Walk
the talk. Do not compromise anybody in the organization or team integrity.
Never take shortcuts.
2. Assume and do responsibility - you should be guided by your own duties

and responsibilities. Be proactive in guiding, teaching, and developing
excellence in everyone.
3. Show Initiative- find out what needs to be done. do not wait for anyone to
tell you what to do.

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4. Life-long learner- capacitate yourself. Learn everything you need to know
about the current job.
5. Show enthusiasm- if you come to work happy and cheerful, it provides

motivation. Enthusiasm is contagious. Never let personal issues affect your
performance.
6. Willing to serve- this quality is known of a servant leader. Showing this

kind of characteristics can inspire thought and action of your own
constituents.
7. Active listener- to become an active listener, you must maintain an eye

contact. Pay attention to facial expressions and body language, and start a
sentence with “I” instead of “You. This will enhance a good communication
and understanding.
8. Show empathy- Try to understand where people are coming from and their
point of view. Put yourself in the other people’s shoes.
9. Be sensitive to the need of others- as a good leader, you must be the one
who should know and feel the needs of your constituents.
10.Delegate work- sharing work among members at the organization should

be divided into a manageable task. Explain completely what you are asking
the person to do.
11. Learn to appreciate- If someone has done great with the assigned tasks,
be sure to let them feel they are appreciated. Simply saying thanks will do.
This will motivate them to work hard.
12. Be patient- Do not get easily annoyed if untoward incident happens. hold
your temper. This might require constant practice.
Leadership qualities are not exclusive to leaders. Some of these may found in
the followership. A great leader encourages teamwork. Followership plays an
essential part of the leadership equation. Followers are team that can contribute
success in your leadership.
Followership means when people express words, actions, respect, and support
to a leader. But what are the role of a follower?
Role of an Effective Follower that Leaders Need
1. Courage to do responsibility- Effective follower feels a sense of personal

responsibility and ownership for his or her own behavior in the
organization.
2. Courage to challenge- If the leader’s actions contradict the best interest

of the organization, effective follower takes a stand. Do not sacrifice your
own integrity or the good of the organization just to maintain harmony.
3. Courage to participate in transformation- Effective followers view the

struggle of change and transformation as a mutual experience shared by all

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members, support the leader and does not afraid to confront the changes.
4. A can-do attitude- A leader’s job becomes smoother when he or she has

followers who are positive and self-motivated, can get things done, accept
responsibility, excels in required tasks, and willingly accept difficult
assignment.
5. A collaborative approach- Each follower is a part of the leader’s larger

system and should realize that his or her action affect the whole. Work
effectively as a team member.
6. Courage to serve and subservient- Effective follower understands the

needs of the organizations and seek to serve those who need.
7. The passion to drive personal growth- Leaders want followers who seek to
enhance their own growth and development rather than depending on the
leader to do it.
What’s More
Directions: Do the following activity in a separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1. My organization. Which organizations involving you in our society?

(church group, singing/dance group, community group, youth group, club, school
organization, neighborhood association, volunteer group. etc.)
My Position/Role in the
Name of organization Type of Organization
organization

Module 4
Process Questions:
1. After doing the activity, what have you realized?

2. What do you think are the characteristics of a good leader and a good
follower? Explain your answer.
3. Who influences you most to become a leader or a follower? and how?
Activity 2. Make a poster showing different roles of a leader and follower in a

society that could influence people.
Please refer to the rubric below.
CRITERIA 5 4 3 2
Pictures - All pictures Most pictures Some Few pictures
Relevance are related to are related to pictures are are related to
the topic and the topic and related to the the topic and
make it easier make it easier topic and somewhat
to understand to understand make it unclear to
easier to understand.
understand.
Pictures - All pictures Most pictures Some Few pictures
Originality used on the used on the pictures used on the
poster reflect poster reflect used on the poster reflect a
the some poster reflect few
uniqueness of uniqueness of a few uniqueness of
students' students' uniqueness students'
creativity in creativity in of students' creativity in
their their creativity in their
creations. creations. their creations.
creations
Necessary The poster All necessary Several Few necessary
Elements includes all elements are necessary elements were
necessary included on elements are missing.
elements as the poster. included on
well as the poster.
additional
information.
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster is
very attractive attractive in somewhat designed
in relation to relation to attractive in poorly and
color, design, color, design, relation to unattractive.
organization, organization, color, design
and elegance. and elegance. but a little
bit messy.

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My Poster
Process Questions:
1. What is the message of your slogan or poster?

2. How could you influence others to become a good leader and a follower?
3. Why do young people need to understand the concept of leadership and
followership?

Module 4
What I Have Learned
Directions. Fill in the blanks. Choose the correct word inside the box.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
compromise responsibility initiative capacitate enthusiasm

attention delegate encourages followers responsibility
challenges contradicts motivates enhance realize
In a society great leaders can be influential. They can make or break a

team/ institution. To become excellent leader, they must be guided by the
following roles: Setting example is the first rule. Do not (1) _____________
anybody in the organization. Assumes and do (2) ______________ in guiding and
developing excellence in everyone. Do not wait for anyone to tell you what to
do. They must have an (3) ____________ in planning and solving circumstances.
They must learn how to (4) ____________ himself and members. They must show
(5) _________ that can motivate the followers.
To enhance good communication between leaders and followers, great

leader should pay (6) _________ to facial expression, body language and
maintain eye contact, sentence should start with “I” instead of “You”. They
must (7) ______ work to a manageable task and explain thoroughly what you
are asking the members to do.
Some of these characteristics of a leader can be found in followers. A great

leader (8) ___________ teamwork. (9) _________ are team that can contribute
success in the leadership. They must have the following roles to become
effective. They must feel and sense personal (10) _________ and ownership of
their own behavior, ready to take (11) __________and make stand if the leaders’
action (12) _________ the best interest of the organizations. A can-do attitude
(13) __________ himself to get things done easily and smoother.
Leaders want followers who seek to (14) ___________ their own growth and
development rather than depending on the leader to do it. They must also (15)
_________ that their actions affect the whole.

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What I Can Do
Read the guide below, fill up to complete the table. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
I thought – Write misconception about leadership and followership

But Now – Realization about leadership and followership
Therefore – Your plan in concreting your “But now”
Because – Write your reason in choosing the plan you indicated in your
“Therefore”
I Thought … But Now…
Therefore… Because…

Module 4
Assessment
Direction: Write TRUE if you agree with the statement, FALSE if the statement is
Wrong.
1. A servant leader put his own concern, motives, and interests first and
foremost above the others.
2. An efficient leader sets himself/herself as an example.
3. Leaders are to serve others.
4. Leaders want followers who seek to enhance their own growth and
development rather than depending on the leader to do it.
5. Effective follower feels a sense of personal responsibility and ownership for

his or her own behavior in the organization.
6. Effective follower does understand the needs of the organizations.
7. Effective leaders listen deeply to others and emphasize with people around.
8. Great leaders get easily annoyed and cannot hold temper if untoward
incident happens.
9. In leading a team or organizations, a great leader divide works depending on

the length of service in the company.
10. Effective follower does not feel the sense of ownership and responsibility for
his/her own behavior.
11. Effective followers view the struggle of change and transformation as a

mutual experience shared by all members, support the leader and does not
afraid to confront the changes.
12. Effective leaders should be guided by their own duties and responsibilities.
13. Effective leader should not be proactive in guiding, teaching, and developing
excellence in everyone. They must do their own initiative
14. A leader’s job becomes smoother when he or she has followers who are
positive and self-motivated
15. Effective leaders must know how to appreciate members. It can boost their
motivation to work.

11
Module 4
1. Write the roles of leaders and followers through your own acrostic way.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
L
E
A
D
E
R
F
O
L
L
O
W
E
R
2. Fill up the chart by interviewing some family members. Ask them what
organizations they are involved in a society and what are their roles.
Answer in a separate sheet of paper.
My Position/Role in the
Name of organization Type of Organization
organization

12
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Module 4
Assessment What’s In
1. FACT
1. FALSE 2. FACT
2. TRUE 3. FACT
3. TRUE 4. FACT
4. TRUE 5. FACT
5. TRUE 6. FACT
6. FALSE 7. FACT
7. TRUE 8. FACT
8. FALSE 9. FACT
9. TRUE 10. FACT
10. FALSE 11. FACT
11. TRUE 12. FACT
12. TRUE 13. FACT
13. FALSE 14. FACT
14. TRUE 15. FACT
15. TRUE
What I Can Do What I Know
1. compromise
2. responsibility 1. F
3. initiative 2. L
4. capacitate 3. F
5. enthusiasm 4. L
6. attention 5. F
7. delegate 6. L
8. encourages 7. L
9. followers 8. F
10. responsibility 9. L
11. challenges 10. FL
12. contradicts 11. L
13. motivates 12. F
14. enhance 13. FL
15. realize 14. FL
15. L
Answer Key
References
Ecson. Basic Roles and Responsibilities of a Person Living in a Cultured Society. Miss
TipTop. Apr 19, 2017. Access June 5, 2020. conarena.com/misstiptop/basic-
roles-and-responsibilities-of-a-person-living-in-a-cultured-society/
McCallum John S. September/October 2013. Followership: The Other Side of

Leadership. Access Aug. 21, 2021.
https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/followership-the-other-side-of-
leadership
McCuistion D. 8 Important Leadership Qualities of Followers Feb 28, 2017

Leadership Skills Access June 11, 2020.
https://blogs.usafootball.com/blog/4697/why-good-followers-are-important-
and-8-qualities-good-followers-must-possess
OpenStax. Principles of Management. Creative Commons Attributions 4.0

International Licence. March 20, 2019. Rice University. Access June 11, 2020
http://cnx.org.contents/
Society and Culture. Sociology https://www.sparknotes.com/sociology/society-

andculture/section4/ Access June 5, 2020
Suda, L. (2013). In praise of followers. Paper presented at PMI® Global Congress

2013—North America, New Orleans, LA. Newtown Square, PA: Project
Management Institute.

Module 4

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Social Influence

Module 5
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Social Influence
First Edition, 2021
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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones


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Office Address: Gate 2, Karangalan Village 1900, Cainta, Rizal

Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Social Influence

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written to help you understand the concepts about
social influence affecting social relationships. The scope of this module can be used
in different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
The module focuses on social influence that enables the learner to compare
one’s perception of himself/herself and how others see him/her.
EsP-PD11/12SR-IIc-10.2
1. Explain concepts of perception and social influence and relate it to real life;
2. Examine the relevance of self-perception and others’ perception for one’s
development; and
3. Value the significance of social influence in developing one’s self.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. It occurs when an individual changes his/her behavior to adapt to social

demands.
A. Social Influence C. Social Relationship
B. Social Facilitation D. Personal Relationship
2. It is the change in one’s behavior to be more like the others in the group.
A. Obedience C. Compliance
B. Conformity D. Complement
3. It is the change in one’s behavior by doing a request asked by another

individual in exchange for reward or punishment.
A. Conformity C. Complacent
B. Compliance D. Complement

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4. It is the change in one’s behavior by following the demand given by the
individuals you respect.
A. Objective
B. Obedience
C. Conformity
D. Compliance
5. It happens to a person in order to perform better at working with others

than working alone.
A. Social Change
B. Social Loafing
C. Social Influence
D. D. Social Facilitation
6. Which of the following characterizes a conforming individual?

A. Likes reward
B. Gains approval
C. Fears punishment
D. Accepts responsibility
7. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a conforming individual?
A. Gains approval
B. Avoids rejection
C. Accepts opinion
8. Which of the following characterizes a compliant individual?

A. Likes reward
B. Accepts opinions
C. Respects authority
9. Which of the following characterizes an obedient individual?

A. Accepts opinion
B. Avoids rejection
C. Fears punishment
D. Respects authority
10.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an obedient individual?

A. Follows order
B. Avoids rejection
C. Respects authority

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1 2.-15. Identify the type of social influence being described in the following
situations. Write A for Conformity, B for Compliance, and C for
Obedience.
12. Sierra greets her grandmother’s friend to show respect.
13. Edward posted on social media positive remarks about his peers.
14. Alicia is motivated to receive a high grade after answering all the test
items correctly.
15. Armand joins a group to support advocacy for responsible citizenship.

Encourage the learners to study the content and accomplish the
following activities in What’s In, What’s More, What’s New, What I Can
Do, and Additional Activities. These may be presented in the form of
infographics as illustrated below.
What’s In What’s More
tagline
What’s New What I Can Do
tagline

Module 5
Lesson
52 Social Influence
It is necessary as a maturing adolescent, you are aware of your strengths

and weaknesses, which your thoughts, feelings, and behavior define on how you
deal with personal relationships. In the previous module, you were able to
distinguish the various roles of different individuals in society. While in this
module, it focuses on how social influences improve you as a person for social
transformation in dealing with others and any setting.
What’s In
Write inside the bar graph the names of the most and least influential
individuals in your lifetime. On the longer bar, write the names of the most
influential person and on the shorter bar, write the names of the least influential
person in your life. Use the second quadrant of your paper (as illustrated on page
10) to present your data.
After knowing the most influential or the least influential individuals in your
life, examine how they affect your behavior and growth. How do they influence you
as a maturing adolescent?

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What’s New
Write constructive positive and negative comments for improvement process

about yourself that you received from other people using the pie graph below. Use
the third quadrant of your paper to present your data.
Self-Feedback Others Feedback
Process Questions:
1. Why is feedback important in improving one’s strengths and weaknesses?

2. How do you compare your self-perception to others’ perception about you?
What is It
In the first activity, you were able to identify the influential persons in your
life. While in the second activity, you were able to reflect on the information you
received from others as well as how you think of yourself. This psychological process
is referred to as perception. It occurs through knowing, interpreting, and learning
information that influences your behavior. The way you perceive others as well as
how others perceive you are driven by beliefs, values, and norms learned and shared
through interactions within your family members, friends, neighbors, and other
individuals in the society. These experiences help you to improve how you perceive
yourself and others in any situation. As you mature, personal and social
relationships broaden your perception about yourself and others. This accepting
behavior of yours like appreciating and respecting others’ thoughts, feelings, and
actions towards you is part of social influence as a process.

Module 5
Social influence is characterized by a change in your behavior caused by the
people that empower you to adjust to a particular situation. Whether someone
agrees or disagrees with you, it influences your behavior that may help or hinder
your social roles. Social influence also happens when you change your behavior to
adapt to social demands. Social influence is categorized by conformity, compliance,
and obedience.
Conformity is changing your behavior to be the same with the others in the
group (Asch 1955 in Ramirez 2020). For example, when you visit your friend’s home,
to show respect, you both ask for the grandmother’s blessing because you were told
that it is courtesy. This situation engages you to deal with it by adapting to the
shared norms and values to gain social approval rather than rejection. You were
able to conform to the group standards.
Figure1. Types of Social Influence

Illustrated by: Gilbert Esguerra
Compliance is granting a request or demand asked by another individual in

exchange of either a reward or a punishment. For example, during examination day,
you are required to take the test to finish the grading period and failure to do so may
result in a failing grade.
Obedience means changing your behavior to follow the demand given by an

authority or an adult you have high regards with. For instance, as a maturing
adolescent, you want to contribute to development through inviting other friends to
exercise proper waste disposal. Whether you do it purposely as you try to give the
leader your respect or purposefully as it empowers you to participate actively as a
follower. Whatever your reason is for obeying; it leads to social facilitation. This
happens when you are given a sense of responsibility that allows you to perform
better if you are with other individuals.
Given these three situations, you can choose to conform, to comply, or to

obey depending on how well you perceive yourself and others; likewise, how others
perceive you. These are all important in personal development.

Module 5
Comparing your self-perception with others’ perception of you has
contributed to your thoughts that influence your behavior. These significant persons
in your lives help you in becoming a successful leader and follower through social
relationships. In any relationship, communication is important as you listen to what
others are telling you, and as to understand yourself and others in any situation. It
influences your outlook in life, like when you were in your formative years - you
have a limited capacity of acknowledging what is happening around you. More so,
you are not aware of how other people treated or thought about you. There were
also times when adults always asked you what you want to be when you grow up.
While, as you grow, as a maturing adolescent you conceive new thoughts, feelings
and behavior based on your experiences which form new perceptions that influence
you in dealing with others, in handling your problems, and in making right
decisions.
To help you understand this more, let us apply the principle of sowing and
reaping to your everyday life. One example of sowing is when you decided to cooperate
with your group mates with whom you were able to share your ideas to complete the
task; while reaping is when your group was able to submit and present an innovative
output so your teacher and classmates can give their feedback to compliment it. At
the start, you benefit from the feedback you received which eventually led you to
assert influence. Significantly, you are becoming responsible for your thoughts and
behaviors as you adapt to the needs of the situations in the same manner that you
have self-control that empowers you to regulate your behavior to make positive
choices in life.
The change in your behavior therefore enhances your role in becoming a

follower and a leader. Both these roles involve responsibility to serve others that can
be achieved through cooperation. Hence, a change in mindset is being mindful and
sensitive to your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
What’s More
Shade all boxes that contains a statement reflecting your behavior. Answer
the Myself column based on how you perceive yourself, while in the Others column,
based on how others see you (you may ask someone from your family which of the
following statements apply to you). Use the first quadrant of your paper to present
your bar graph.

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Myself Others Myself Others Myself Others
Gains Gains Accepts Accepts
Likes reward Likes reward
Approval approval responsibility responsibility
avoids avoids fears fears
follows order follows order
rejection rejection punishment punishment
accepts accepts follows follows respects respects
opinion opinion request request authority authority
Conformist Compliant Obedient
Process Questions:
1. Based on the data, is there any comparison that you want to give an
emphasis on?
2. How can you categorize yourself? Are you a conformist, compliant or
obedient? Explain your answer.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Complete the analogy with the words from the marked scatter.
• adjust • accept opinion • done on purpose

• avoid rejection • behavior • change in behavior
• like reward • respect authority • change behavior
• follow norms
1. Perception is to interpret information as Social Influence is to _______.

2. Social Influence is to _______ as Social Facilitation is to work in groups.
3. Perception is to think as Influence is to________.
4. Social Relationship is to interact as Social Influence is to ____________.
5. Conformity is to gain approval as Compliance is to __________________.
6. Compliance is to fear of punishment as Conformity is to _____________.
7. Obedience is to accept responsibility as Conformity is to _____________.
8. Conformity is to gain approval as Obedience is to ____________________.
9. Compliance is to follow explicitly as Conformity is to _________________.
10. Purposely is to on purpose as Purposefully is to ____________________.

Module 5
What I Can Do
In this activity, use the information you gathered form What’s New: Self-
Feedback and Others Feedback, on page 7. Then, write the comments into Helpful
and Hurtful categories in the Venn Diagram below. For the comments you received
that can be both helpful and hurtful, and which have influenced you to change,
write them in the area where the two circles overlap. Use the fourth quadrant of
your paper to present your diagram.
Process Questions:
1. What are the similar comments that you agree and disagree with?
2. How does this feedback influence your relationships with others?
Helpful Hurtful
Assessment
1. Which of the following is the change in one’s behavior to adapt to the social
demands?
A. Personal Relationship
B. Social Relationship
C. Social Facilitation
D. Social Influence
2. Which of the following is the change in one’s behavior to be more like the
others in the group?
A. Complement
B. Compliance
C. Conformity
D. Obedience

Module 5
3. Which of the following is the change in one’s behavior by doing a request
asked by other individuals in exchange for reward or punishment?
A. Complement
B. Complacent
C. Compliance
D. Conformity
4. Which of the following is the change in one’s behavior by following the

demand given by the individuals you respect?
A. Compliance
B. Conformity
C. Obedience
D. Objective
5. Which of the following enables a person to perform better with others than
working alone?
A. Social Facilitation
B. Social Influence
C. Social Change
D. Social Loafing
6. Which of the following characterizes a conforming individual?

A. Accepts responsibility
B. Fears punishment
C. Gains approval
D. Likes reward
7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a conforming individual?

B. Avoids rejection
C. Accepts opinion
D. Gains approval
8. Which of the following characterizes a compliant individual?

B. Respects authority
C. Accepts opinions
D. Likes reward
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a compliant individual?

A. Fears punishment
B. Follows request
C. Avoids rejection
D. Likes reward
10. Which of the following characterizes an obedient individual?

A. Respects authority
B. Fears punishment
C. Accepts opinion
D. Avoids rejection

Module 5
11. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an obedient individual?
B. Respects authority
C. Avoids rejection
D. Follows order
12.-15. Identify the type of social influence being described in the following
situations. Write A for Conformity, B for Compliance, and C for Obedience.
12.Sierra greets her colleague by giving a handshake.

13. Claire wears a dress that suits the dinner party at her friend’s house.
14. Emmanuel is in a rush and unable to finish the test.
15. Arman does the household chores assertively.

Module 5
Now, you have your Infographics. In just one look, you can compare how you
perceive yourself and how others see you. To complete it, you are encouraged to
write your tagline based on your learning experiences in this module at the center
of the paper.
What’s In What’s More
tagline
What’s New What I Can Do
tagline

Module 5
Module 5
What I Have Learned What I Know
1. change behavior
1. A 9. C
2. change in behavior
2. B 10.D
3. behavior
3. B 11.B
4. adjust
4. B 12.A
5. like reward
5. D 13.A
6. avoid rejection
6. B 14.B
7. accept opinion
7. D 15.C
8. respect authority
8. A
9. follow norms
10.done on purpose
Answer Key
References
Daffin, L. et.al. 2021.Module 4: The Perception of Others: In Essential of Social
Psychology. Accessed on August 9, 2021.https://opentext.wsu.edu/social-
psychology/chapter/module-4-the-perception-of-others/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Forsyth, Donelson.2021. The psychology of groups. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener

(Eds), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers.
Accessed August 9, 2021.http://noba.to/trfxbkhm CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Ramirez, Melissa.2020.Conformity, Compliance, Obedience, OER Commons.

Accessed August 9, 202.
https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/15364/overview CC BY-
NC-SA 4.0
Spielman, Rose. Sensation vs Perception, OER Commons. Accessed August 9,

2021.https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/15317/overview
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Spielman Rose. et.al. What is Social Psychology?, OER Commons. Accessed August
9, 2021.
https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/15361/overview CC BY-
NC-SA 4.0
Stangor, C.et.al. Principles of Social Psychology: Affect, Behavior, and Cognition, BC

Campus. Accessed August 9,
2021.https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/affect-behavior-and-
cognition/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Strangor, Charles.et.al. Principles of Social Psychology: Influencing and Conforming.

Accessed August 9,
2021.https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/part/chapter-7-influencing-
and-conforming/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Introduction to Perception. Lumen: Accessed August 9, 2021.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless
psychology/chapter/introduction-to-perception/ CC BY-

Module 5

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Conduct a Mini-Survey
on Filipino Relationships
(Family, School, and Community)

Module 6
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Conduct a Mini-Survey on Filipino Relationships
First Edition, 2021
over them.

Writers: Mary Grace C. Morales

Editors: Genalin Ceballo
Reviewers: Sherelyn Mijares, Jerome C. Hilario, Jesusa L. Partosa, Aira Myr T. Marbibi,
Priscilla V. Salo
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro,

Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Conduct a Mini-Survey
on Filipino Relationships

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is crafted and made to guide you to see your social relationship
with others. Being able to create friendships and new attachment with peers foster
social relationship.
The scope of this module is intended for social relationship in the middle and
late adolescence. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course.
The module focuses on social relationship with the family, school, and
community in middle and late adolescence. We cannot deny that establishing
relationship is vital to everyone. Looking for company during the middle-ages
sometimes gravitate the relationships and attachments of an individual to their
peers. Filipinos for instance, are very much close to family, relatives, and even
acquaintances.

a. Conduct a Mini-survey on Filipino Relationships (Family, School, and
Community)
What I Know
sheet of paper.
1. What is the primary source of personal relationship in teenage life?

A. Family
B. School
C. Community
D. Peers
2. What is critical in the development of teenagers’ life as they transcend to

young adulthood?
A. Friendship and attachment
B. High school and college years
C. Family and school activity
D. School and community involvement
1
Module 6
3. Which relationship refers to connection that exist between people who have
recurring interaction that are perceived by the participants to have personal
meeting?
A. Social relationship
B. Personal relationship
C. Emotional relationship
D. Marital relationship
4. What relationship is involved when you encounter people oftentimes?

A. Family
B. Friends
C. Colleague
D. Acquaintances
5. What partnership is present when a scholastic achievement of the teenager

is involved?
A. Home – school partnership
B. School – community partnership
C. Community – home partnership
D. Community – parents’ partnership
6. Which of the following defines community partnership?

A. It is the way in which two people regard and behave towards each
other.
B. It is the relationship between family members and neighbors.
C. It is the relationship through kinship.
D. It describes a company’s interaction in the society in which
someone resides.
7. What is true about a mini-survey?

A. It consists of 15-50 questions.
B. It is given to a large group of respondents.
C. It invites freely expanded comment.
D. It usually used more close than open – ended questions.
8. Eric has to conduct a mini-survey about family relationship. Who would be

his possible respondents?
A. Eric’s neighbors
B. Eric’s friends
C. Eric’s schoolmates
D. Eric’s siblings and kinship
9. Which of the following questions is correct and appropriate when writing
questionnaire?
A. Whose student is present in the meeting?
B. Would you like to study near Manila?
C. If you could improve your speech, would you do it?
D. Should the school strictly implement the policies?
2
Module 6
10. How many words must be used in making questions in a mini-survey?
A. More than 16 words
B. Less than 16 words
C. Exactly 16 words
D. 20 words and above
11. What kind of sentence is acceptable in constructing questions in mini-

survey?
A. Simple sentence
B. Compound sentence
C. Complex sentence
D. Vague sentence
12. Which step is NOT included in conducting a mini-survey?

A. Clarify your objectives
B. Find out what else has been done
C. Choose the respondents
D. Develop the questions while conducting the survey
13. According to the British and Thorndike (1973), guidelines for writing
questions must be?
A. Long and accurate
B. Short and simple
C. Constructed with passive than active words
D. Constructed with pronoun instead of noun
14. Grace is preparing a mini-survey about Filipino relationship. What is the

first thing that she must do?
A. Prepare a question
B. Go out and look for respondents
C. Interview the respondents
D. Clarify the objectives in conducting survey
15. Which is the correct order in preparing a mini survey?

A. Find out what else has been done
B. Clarify the objectives
C. Choose your respondents
D. Develop the questions
a. ABCD c. CABD
b. BACD d. DCBA
3
Module 6
Lesson Conduct a Mini-Survey on
6 Filipino Relationships
The social relationship needs interaction among individuals, which involves

influence. Individual’s influences have an effect on your behavior which may help
or hinder you from fulfilling your social roles. Moreover, it is inevitable that someone
may agree or disagree with you because there is no perfect world that everything
goes well with you, not everybody says “yes” and makes a nod with your thoughts,
opinions, and values--which means disagreements can be pretty common,
especially in the society where you live in.
The ability to perceive how people see you is what enables you to connect to
others authentically and to reap the deep satisfaction that comes with those ties.
Establishing connections and relations is needed in the place where you are and the
organization where you belong. In this lesson, you will further deepen how the
Filipino relationships are common to every people (adolescence) by conducting a
mini-survey.
What’s In
Activity 1: Complete the puzzle below by filling a word that fits each clue. Write
your answers on a separate piece of paper.
4
Module 6
Across: Down:
1. state of being connected 2. any relationship among
3. the way that someone behaves individuals
5. change behavior to be like 4. ability to do something
others 7. submission to authority
6. Social relationship is built 8. devotee of particular person
through _____
9. a person who commands
10. doing a request asked by
someone
What’s New
Activity 1: Camera Action

1. Paste your photo on the picture frame below. Make an online survey on how
other people perceive you or see you. Your respondents are your family,
schoolmates, church mates, and your friends in your Facebook. Ask them to
describe you in terms of how you relate with them using positive description.
2. Write all the descriptions made by your respondents on the hand below, then
write on the shapes the first five common adjectives that people frequently
used to describe you.
5
Module 6
Process questions:
1. How did you find the activity?
2. How did you perceive yourself from the point of view of your family, school,
and community?
3. Write your own description of how you relate with others on the first column.
On the second, third, and fourth column, write the perception of your family,
schoolmates, or community respectively about how you deal with them.
My Descriptions Family Schoolmates Community
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
What is It
Middle Adolescents find themselves in the company of their peers usually
from the school or neighborhood. As they gravitate more toward these groups, the
attachment to the family as their primary source of personal source or personal
development shifts to these peers or group.
Being able to create friendship and new attachment is critical in the

development of adolescents as they transcend to young adulthood. From high school
to college, adolescents nurture faster socially where new lessons are learned
especially on how their social interactions are formed. They affirmed themselves
with self-identity, and their self-esteem develop their capacity to nurture who they
are. In such way, learning to associate and develop relationships is nurtured in this
stage.
6
Module 6
Social relationship is very common to all individuals. Social relationships
refer to the connections that exist between people who have recurring interactions
that are perceived by the participants to have personal meaning. This definition
includes relationships between family members, friends, neighbors, fellow workers,
and other associates.
Relationship is the way in which two or more people or groups regard and
behave toward each other. There are many different types of relationships. In this
topic, we will focus on three types of relationships: family relationships, friendships,
acquaintanceships, and community relationships.
Family or relatives are people we are connected through some form of

kinships, such as parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, aunts, and uncles,
or step-parents. The family includes siblings and parents you may see every day
growing up and other relatives such as cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents
you may not see frequently.
Friends are people we are not related to but choose to interact with. A friend
is a person whom one knows and with whom one has a bond of mutual affection,
typically exclusive of sexual or family relations. Friends are people we trust, respect,
care about, and feel that we can confide in and want to spend time with.
Acquaintances are people you may encounter oftentimes but are not friends
or relatives. For instance, they may be a neighbor who lives in your road, a work
colleague, or someone you have seen a few times at a social event but do not yet
know well. Acquaintances are persons whom you know slightly, but who is not a
close friend.
Community relations simply describe a company's interactions with the

community in which it resides. Cambridge dictionary defines it as the relationship
that a company or organization has with the people who live in the area in which it
operates. Building community relationships can be the most important
communication activity undertaken by an organization for the good of the
community.
Filipino Relationship
Filipino’s perspective in building family relationship focused on establishing

close ties. They are very hospitable and friendly people. They always smile no matter
how they feel. Meeting someone for the first time, they do not hesitate to give a smile
before starting a conversation. They have close family ties and always wanted to talk
about their extended family. Filipinos are very family-oriented.
7
Module 6
School
Home-school partnership occurs through the processes of cooperation,
coordination, and collaboration to enhance learning opportunities, educational
progress, and school success for students in the academic, social, emotional, and
behavioral domains. According to M. Johnson (2015), home-school partnerships
increasingly push the children's learning toward a broader vision of the 21st century
learning. As children's educations increasingly occur across a range of settings,
parents are uniquely positioned to help ensure that these settings best support their
children's specific learning needs.
Parental involvement is observed in the school setting in the Philippines. The

amount of participation a parent has when it comes to the schooling of his/her
children fosters healthy outcome; thus, parental involvement is needed in children's
education.
H. Castillon & A. Bonotan stated that home and school partnership developed
3 R’s: Rapport, Reaching Out, and Recognition to Parents. Moreover, involvement of
parents to school helped the learners to build confidence, to become sociable and
active learners. Less involvement of parents tends to have kids who are timid,
withdrawn, and perform less. Parenting is important in the Philippine educational
setting because family is viewed as a center to one's social world.
Community
Many of today's leaders in education, business, and community development

are coming to realize that schools alone cannot prepare our youth for a productive
adulthood. It is evident that schools and communities should work closely with each
other to meet their mutual goals. Schools can provide more support for students,
families, and staff when they are an integral part of the community. Appropriate
and effective collaboration and teaming are seen as key factors to community
development, learning, and family self-sufficiency.
Partnerships should be considered as connections between schools and

community resources.
The partnership may involve the following:

1. utilization of school or neighborhood facilities and equipment or giving
out other resources
2. collaborative fundraising and grant applications giving assistance
3. mentoring and training from professionals and others with special
expertise
4. information sharing and dissemination
5. networking recognition and public relations
6. shared responsibility for planning
8
Module 6
7. implementation and evaluation of programs and services;
8. expanding opportunities for internships, jobs, recreation, and building a
sense of community.
School-community partnerships can intertwine many resources and

strategies to enhance communities that support all youth and their families. They
could make schools better, strengthen neighborhoods, and lead to a noticeable
depletion in young people's problems. Building such partnerships requires
visioning, strategic planning, creative leadership, and new adoptable roles for
professionals who work in schools and communities.
Conducting a Mini-survey
Filipino relationships are observed in the family, school, community, and other
agencies.
Find out how social relationship occurs in the lives of teenagers by conducting
a mini-survey. In conducting a mini-survey, you have to know how it is done.
Mini-surveys are carefully focused on a specific topic. It contains only fifteen

to thirty questions. It is given to a small sample of twenty-five to seventy people. It
usually uses more closed than open-ended questions; that is, they use questions
that force the respondent to choose from a small set of alternative answers, rather
than inviting a freely expanded comment.
Some Uses of the Mini-survey are:

• To get a picture that will help you to design the next stages of your
research
• To assess the feasibility of a project
• To get reactions from beneficiaries
• To evaluate projects.
Advantages of Mini-survey
A mini-survey can be completed in three to seven weeks compared to large
surveys that can take a year before the whole process is completed and the results
are analyzed.
1. Technically, mini-surveys for development research are usually structured

interviews rather than questionnaires, because questionnaires exclude
people who cannot read. Interviews have the added advantage of allowing
you to help people through a process that may be culturally alien,
confusing, or intimidating.
2. The respondents are few.
3. A mini-survey may not give you great precision, but it may be good enough
to give you a general picture of the situation, trends, and patterns.
9
Module 6
Steps in conducting a mini-survey
Step 1: Clarify Your Objectives

Ask yourself:
a. "What do I want to find out?" "Why?"
b. "Is this technique the way to get this kind of information?"
c. "When I get the answers to these questions, will they meet my needs?"
Step 2: Find Out What Else Has Been Done

There are ready-made survey questions which were utilized by some
researchers and may be good enough for your purposes. This may provide
you with some useful ideas and information and will allow you to use for
your study. This may also take you to go a step a little further for it gives a
little ease to do. However, do not automatically use someone else's questions
unless you are convinced, they will work for you.
Step 3: Choose the Respondents

First, you must decide whether you are going to ask your questions of
the entire group; or second, you use sampling.
Step 4: Develop the Questions

Prepare your questions to be asked from your respondents. Learn to
write good questions by thinking things through and by knowing about the
people who will answer them.
Guide in Writing Questions: The Do’s and the Don’ts
The following guidelines for writing questions were adapted from the work of
cross-cultural research experts Brislin, Lonner, and Thorndike (1973), who created
them to help in translating questions from one language to another. But they are
useful even when you do not have to translate.
1. Use short, simple sentences of less than sixteen words. However, sensitive
questions may require a softener.
2. Use the active rather than the passive voice:
"Should the teachers discipline the students?" rather than
"Should discipline be carried out by the teachers?"
3. Repeat nouns instead of using pronouns:
"When the teacher saw Memorandum, he was terrified."
Who was terrified?
4. Avoid metaphors and colloquialisms:
"Earl and Eljim agreed, but Eloise thought that was a horse of a different
color."
5. Avoid the subjective mode, such as verbs with could and would:
"If the school could improve its security system, would people send more
10
Module 6
girls?" Avoid vague words such as "nearer," "often," and "frequent." "Would
you like to live nearer to Baguio?"
6. Avoid possessive forms where possible:
"Mila's sister took her request to her teacher." Whose request, whose
teacher?
7. Use specific rather than general terms:
The chief, the teacher, rather than the authorities; the soccer club, the
debating team, rather than extracurricular activities.
8. Avoid words with two different verbs if the verbs suggest two different
actions: "Should villagers attend and challenge the teachers at the parent-
teacher meetings?"
What’s More
Activity 1: Survey on Family Relationship

Complete the unfinished words. Put a check (/) mark to the family members
whom the social skill is suited.
My My
Questions Father Mother I
brother sister
Example:
Show respect to others / /
1. entertains the visitor well
2. is flexible and open-minded
3. gives academic support
4. makes decisions
5. good in resolving family
conflicts
6. gives advice most of the
time
7. is skillful communicator
8. is compassionate
9. is a disciplinarian
10. provides love and affection
11. gives encouragement
12. active listener
13. sympathizes with others
Process Questions:
1. What made you decide to assign the social skills of each family member?
2. How certain are you that these social roles are really intended for them?
3. What is the impact of performing these social roles in maintaining
harmonious relation in the family?
11
Module 6
Activity 2: Social Relationship
Make a survey about the relationship of your parents/family to your school
and to your community by making a pie graph. Put and use the quantifiers to show
the amount of time your parents spend in showing social relationship to the
following:
School:
1. Access to school activities
2. Attend PTA meetings
3. Join school clubs
4. Share time (e.g., Clean-up Drive, Brigada Eskwela, Tree Planting)
5. Help you in your school assignment
Community:
1. Attending Mass/ Church
2. Participate in the barangay’s meeting
3. Donate goods to people in need
4. Volunteer to community service
5. Help improve the community
What I Have Learned
Give your reflection on this topic by accomplishing the “My Reflection” activity.
MY REFLECTION
Based on the topic, I have learned that mini-survey may help me in

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
I can do mini-survey by
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
I will apply what I have learned through

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
12
Module 6
What I Can Do
Making Questionnaire
1. Make at least three (3) questions about Filipino relationships in terms of
family, school, and community using the “guide in writing the
questionnaire”. (See the guide on page 12)
Very
Much Less Not
Much Evident
QUESTIONS: Evident Evident Evident
Evident
5 4 3 2 1
A. Filipino
Relationship
(Family)
e.g.
Do Filipinos value
the close family
ties?
1.
2.
3.
B. Filipino
Relationship
(School)
1.
2.
3.
C. Filipino
Relationship
(Community)
1.
2.
3.
13
Module 6
Assessment
sheet of paper.
1. Which institution has the responsibility for developing the personal

relationship in teenage life?
A. Family
B. School
C. Community
D. Barangay Office
2. Who could influence more in the development of teenagers as they transcend

to young adulthood?
A. Classmates in high school and college
B. Friendship and attachment
C. Family members and relatives
D. School and the teachers
3. What is social relationship?

A. refers to society and the place where he/she belongs.
B. refers to the emotional relationship of individual
C. refers to the marital relationship
D. refers to connection that exist between people who have recurring
interaction that are perceived by the participants to have personal
meeting
4. What is an acquaintance?
A. a person whom you are always with
B. a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend.
C. a person you meet every day, who is close to you.
D. a person who knows you, but you do not know them.
5. How can home and school partnership develop the social relationship of an
adolescence?
A. The school broadens the mind of the students.
B. The school involves the parents in its various activities.
C. The school and the home create a collaborative environment to the
students.
D. The school suggests improvement for students’ academic performance.
14
Module 6
6. Which group of numbers help build community partnership?
1. Provide continuity of services across the day and year, easing school
transitions and promoting improved attendance in after school
programs.
2. Facilitate access to a range of learning opportunities.
3. Reinforce concepts taught in school without replicating the school day.
4. Positive relationships with schools cannot foster high quality, engaging,
and challenging activities.
A. 1,2 and 3 C. 2,3 and 4
B. 1,3 and 4 D. 1,2 and 4
7. What is NOT true about a mini-survey?

A. It consists of 15-50 questions.
B. It is given to a large group of respondents.
C. It invites freely expanded comment.
D. It usually uses more close than open–ended questions.
8. Eric has to conduct a mini-survey about school relationship. Who would be

his possible respondents?
A. Eric’ teachers
B. Eric’s parents
C. Eric’s schoolmates
D. Eric’s siblings and kinship
9. Which of the following questions is correct and appropriate when writing

questionnaire about home and school partnership?
A. Does the partnership between school and home reduce school
violence?
B. Does the partnership between school and home lead to better working
conditions for faculty and staff?
C. Does the partnership between school and home increase power and
understanding of education?
D. Does the partnership between school and home improve grades and
make the students become achievers?
10. How many words must be used in making questions in a mini-survey?

A. More than 16 words
B. Exactly 16 words
C. 20 words and above
D. Less than 16 words
11. What phrase does NOT talk about the benefit of conducting a mini-survey?
A. Low cost
B. Convenient data gathering
C. Good statistical significance
D. Ideal for controversial issue
15
Module 6
12. Which step is included in conducting a mini-survey?
1. Clarify your objectives
2. Find out what else has been done
3. Choose the respondents
4. Develop the questions while conducting the survey
A. 1,2,3 C. 2,3,4
B. 1,3,4 D. 1,2,4
13. According to the British and Throndike (1973), guidelines for writing
questions must be
A. Long and accurate
B. Short and simple
C. Constructed with passive than active words
D. Constructed with pronoun instead of noun
14. Which is the correct order in preparing a mini-survey?

1.Develop questions
2.Choose respondents
3.Find out what else has been done
4.Clarify the objectives in conducting survey
A. 4,3,2,1 C. 3,2,1,4
B. 3,4,2,1 D. 1,2,3,4
15. How can a mini-survey help researchers conduct a bigger study in the
future?
A. Researchers can get a picture that will help them design the next
stages of their research.
B. Researchers may rely to their study.
C. Researchers can do their mini-study only.
D. Researchers may believe and be contented with the result of the mini-
survey.
16
Module 6
Activity
1. Conduct a mini-survey by asking your family members or neighbors to
answer the questionnaire you do through online or group chat.
2. Retrieve and gather the results of their answers.
3. Tally the result of the survey in a table form. Use the table that you have
done in ‘Making Questionnaire’ activity.
4. Interpret the result by showing the findings of your study in the narrative form.
Very
Much Less Not
Much Evident
QUESTIONS: Evident Evident Evident
Evident
5 4 3 2 1
A. Filipino
Relationship
(Family)
e.g. Do Filipinos
value the close
family ties?
1.
2.
3.
B. Filipino
Relationship
(School)
1.
2.
3.
C. Filipino
Relationship
(Community)
1.
2.
3.
17
Module 6
Module 6
18
What’s In Assessment What I Know
1. Relationship 1. A 1. A
2. Social 2. B 2. A
3. Behavior 3. D 3. A
4. Competence 4. B 4. D
5. Conformity 5. C 5. A
6. Interaction 6. A 6. D
7. Obedience 7. C 7. D
8. Follower 8. D 8. D
9. Leader 9. D 9. D
10.Compliance 10.D 10.B
11.D 11.A
12.A 12.D
13.D 13.B
14.C 14.B
15.A 15.D
Answer Key
References
Kane, Eileen, 1995. Research Handbook for Girls' Education in Africa EDI Learning
Resources Series the World Bank Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.
Johnson, Mitchelle 2015 Home-School Partnerships Encyclopedia of Cross-

Cultural School Psychology DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-
71799-9_199 2010 Edition
Richard, Brislin, Walter, W., Lonner, J., and Thorndike, Robert M.. 1973. Cross-
Cultural Research Methods. New York: J. Wiley. International Journal of
Psychology Journal International de Psychologie, Vol. 11, No 3, 215-229.
Smetana, Judith G. Adolescents, Families, and Social Development: How Teens

Construct Their Worlds. John Wiley & Sons. c2012.
19
Module 6

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Family Structures and Legacies

Module 7
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Family Structures and Legacies
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writers: Maggel R. Anclote
Editors: Chester Relleve
Reviewers: Melanie Mae N. Moreno, Sherelyn N. Mijares, Jean L. Reyes, Jerome C.
Hilario, Jesusa L. Partosa, Aira Myr T. Marbibi, Priscilla V. Salo
Illustrator: Salvacion Montenegro
Layout Artist: Mark Laurence T. Tapas, Rosanito S. Paras
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Christopher R. Diaz
Juan R. Araojo Jr.
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Family Structures and Legacies

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
understand and identify Family Structures and Legacies. The scope of this module
allows you to understand how your family affects you as a developing individual. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module discusses one lesson, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Family Structures

1. Identify the different types of family structures;
Appraise your family structure and the type of care you give and receive, which
may help in understanding yourself better. EsP-PD11/12FSL-IId- 11.1

Module 7
What I Know
A. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. A family where one or more of the children has been adopted.

A. Foster family
B. Nuclear family
C. Extended family
D. Adoptive family
2. Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, or remarriage.

A. Step family
B. Extended family
C. Adoptive family
D. Single parent family
3. A group of people related to one another by blood, marriage, or adoption.

A. Family
B. Mom and dad
C. Relatives
D. Friends
4. This can be either a father or mother who is singly responsible for raising a
child.
A. Step family
B. Extended family
C. Adoptive family
D. Single parent family
5. A couple or single parent decides to raise another person’s child as their

own.
A. Single parent family
B. Adoptive family
C. Nuclear family
D. Extended family
6. A family where the parents are members of different racial groups.

A. Bi-racial or multi-racial family
B. Nuclear family
C. Extended family
D. Adoptive family

Module 7
7. Chosen by a family to take responsibility for a child if the parents are no
longer able to provide.
A. Grandparents
B. Adoptive parents
C. Siblings
D. Guardian
8. What does good parenting require?

A. Providing a positive role model
B. Encouraging productive behavior
C. Engaging in adequate supervision
D. All of the above
9. A family that cares for children who are not related to other children.
A. Adoptive family
B. Guardian family
C. Foster family
D. Step family
10. Which of the following is not a benefit of extended family?

A. Potentially increased emotional support
B. Learning from the combined experiences of more family members
C. Improved intellectual development resulting from exposure to more
knowledge
D. More opportunities for travel as a result of having more family to visit
B. Read the following statements below, write the word TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
_______ 1. Adoptive family is also known as “blended” family which is a combination

of two families.
_______ 2. Immigrant family is a family that transferred together from one place to
another because of the employment status or the job of the head of the
family.
_______ 3. Foster family is a type of family wherein one member of the family is a
temporary member of a household whether related by blood or not.
_______ 4. A family is considered gay or lesbian family if both parents are members
of the LGBT community.
_______ 5. A nuclear family consists of mother, father, children, grandparents,
aunts, uncles, and cousins living together in one household.

Module 7
Lesson
Family Structures and
1 Legacies
One Filipino family trait that is known across different races is establishing
and having strong family ties.
Family, as defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary, is the basic unit of society.

It is composed of individuals living together in one household either connected by
marriage, blood, or by legal arrangement. One of the family structures and the most
common kind of structure dominated the Philippines is the “extended family” on
which, we are fond of being in the same roof together with our mother, father, aunts,
uncles, grandfather, grandmother, and cousins. In a typical Filipino family, though
an adult female member gets married, the groom will bring her to their house to live
in. However, as time goes by, this culture changes and varies, family by family across
generations.
In this module, we will study the different family structures, how they differ
from one another, family legacies, and how family affects you as a developing
individual.
How does your family contribute in your middle and late adolescents?
What’s In
Activity 1.1 Being a Leader

In the previous module, you have learned that your community contributes a
lot in the development of your social relationships. One of the key factors that
develops your social skills is your involvement in the community. Another is how to
be a servant leader. What does being a servant leader mean to you? What do you
think are the traits that a servant leader must possess?
You may answer the activity by writing the characteristics of a servant leader
on the lines provided below. Traits can be based from your own experience as a leader
at home, in class or in your community, you can also ask other people such as your
elder brother or sister about the traits of a servant leader.
One trait is given as a sample to this activity.

Module 7
Responsible
Now that you know the traits of a servant leader, let us try to look at a human
figure inside a house. The house is a place where your family lives together. At home,
who do you think is the leader? Who leads your household?

Module 7
What’s New
Activity 1.2 Model

In this activity, you will show your creativity by making a model of a house.
You can use materials that can be found in your surroundings such as sticks, leaves,
candy wrappers, etc.
After making a house, relate the parts of it to your family members and write
down why or in what way does each person represent the part you have chosen for
him/her. Below your model, write your explanation.
Each of us have different family structure, different family orientation, and

culture. As we grow older, we adapt things and behaviors from our parents and some
of us follow certain family beliefs. When we are younger, our parents guide and mold
us into a better individual by instilling values on us. These values somehow changes
from time to time.
There are songs that describe family and the roles of each member of the
family. Identify songs that show such. At the back of the bond paper, make a table
as shown below. Write the title of the song, get some stanzas of the song that describe
a family. Then complete the table by writing your own interpretation of the song. How
does the song describe family?
Title of the song
Lyrics of the song
Interpretation
All families have sets of beliefs, values, and attitudes that are passed down
from generation to generation. These become part of the growing child’s worldview.
Although most obvious during the holidays, the transmission of family
legacies occurs all year long through the small events and interactions of daily living.
Many of these legacies, therefore, can be passed along without a lot of reflection on
the part of the parent.

Module 7
What is It
Family defined
Family comes from the Latin word familia which means group of people
living in the household. Family could be related by blood, by birth, or by other
relationship.
Family is the basic unit of society. It is the smallest organization in the
community. It is said to be a group of individual living together in one household.
Family comes in different forms. It could vary from one family to another. It is
usually composed of mother, father and children; some other includes grandparents,
aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives.
Types of Family Structures

Family structures differ from one family to another, that is why we should not
compare our family with that of others. The following table lists the different family
structures.
Table 1. Family Structures
Family Definition Example

Structure
Nuclear Family It is also known as “conjugal” or Mother, father, and
“traditional” family, consisting of children
married couples and their offspring.
Extended This type of family includes all A family living together
Family relatives in proximity, such as with mother, father,
grandparents, aunts, uncles, and children, grandparents,
cousins. These relatives typically aunts, uncles, and
live together, and all share daily other relatives in one
household duties. roof
Single Parent This family type includes one parent Father with his
Family and their children only. A single children or a mother
parent family could be the result of with her children living
a divorce, the death of one parent, in one household
or even a single parent adoption.
Step Family A family where the parents have Mother, children,

divorced and remarried, bringing stepfather, and his kids
children from other unions together Father, children,
to form a new nuclear family. stepmother, and her
kids
It is also known as “blended” family
because two families were
combined.

Module 7
Foster Family A family includes parent who serves Parents, children,
as a temporary guardian for one or foster child
more children to whom they may or
may not be biologically related.
Adopted/Adopt A family wherein parents may adopt Parents (mother and
ive Family a child to whom they share no blood father), adopted child
relationship, or one parent may
adopt the child of the other parent.
Bi-racial or A family wherein parents are from Filipina mother,
Multi-racial different races American father,
Family children
Trans-racial A family wherein parents adopted a American parents,
Adoptive child with a different race adopted Filipino
Family children
Conditionally A family wherein one of the family A family living together
Separated members is conditionally separated except for the father
Family from the others. This separation working abroad or a
may be due to their job or family living together
employment or could be due to except for the eldest
hospitalization. child serving in the
military
Childless Married couple without children Mother and father only

Family
Gay or Lesbian A family wherein one or both A lesbian mother and
Family parents have a different sexual her children with a gay
orientation and part of the LGBT father
community
Migrant Family It is a family who settles together in A family who migrated
a different place; it could be from from a place because
one place to another due to some the father is a military
circumstances such as the father’s officer
job.
Immigrant A family wherein one or both Santos family whose
Family parents are already an immigrant of mom is already an
other country. Their children may immigrant of Canada --
be or may not be an immigrant. their mother is already
a Canadian citizen but
the rest of the family
members are not.

Module 7
Family
The most important people in the lives of young children are their
parents. From birth, children depend on their mothers and fathers. There are also
people that act parent roles in caring and protecting children’s overall well-being.
They are known as “guardians”.
While parents are filled with expectation about their children’s personalities,
many also lack knowledge on how to provide the best for them. Becoming
a parent is usually a welcomed event, but in some cases, parents are worried with
problems regarding their ability to ensure their child’s physical, emotional,
or economic well-being.
Parents utilize resources which they think guarantee positive experiences
for their children.
Each of us have legacies passed from our ancestors, from generation to
generation such as culture, traditions, and customs. No matter who we are, where
we live, we have one thing in common—heritage.
This heritage is transferred to us by our parents whether good or bad.
This heritage is also called legacy, which could be passed to us socially, emotionally
or spiritually.
Transferring positive legacy to children is a delicate and important task of
adults in the family. It helps dictate the future progress and development of a child.
It is important to remember that passing on a spiritual, emotional, and social
legacy is a process, not an event. If parents do not intentionally pass a legacy
consistent to their beliefs, culture will pass along its own, often leading to a negative
end. Parents are responsible on the process; God is responsible for the product.
The Emotional Legacy
In order to prosper, children need an enduring sense of security and stability
nurtured in an environment of safety and love.
Unfortunately, many people struggle to overcome a negative emotional legacy
that hinder their ability to cope with the inevitable struggles of life. This is where a
family’s important role takes its place. A family can create an atmosphere that
provides a child’s fragile spirit with the nourishment and support needed for healthy
emotional growth. It will require time and consistency to develop a sense of emotional
wholeness, but the rewards are great.
A strong emotional legacy:
• provides a safe environment in which deep emotional roots can grow
• fosters confidence through stability
• conveys a tone of trusting support
• nurtures a strong sense of positive identity
• creates a “resting place” for the soul
• demonstrates unconditional love
Which characteristics or emotional legacy did your parents pass on to you? Which
characteristics would you like to build into the legacy that you may pass to your
future children?

Module 7
The Social Legacy
To really succeed in life, children need to learn more than management
strategies, accounting, reading, writing, and geometry. They need to learn the art of
relating to people--the art of socialization. If they learn how to relate well to others,
they will have advantage in living life.
Children need to gain the insights and social skills necessary to cultivate
healthy and stable relationships. As children mature, they must learn to relate to
family members, teachers, peers, friends, and community. Eventually, they must
learn to relate to coworkers and many other types of people in their surroundings.
Nowhere can appropriate social interaction and relationships be demonstrated
more effectively than in the home. At home, children can learn lessons about respect,
courtesy, love, and involvement. Parents play a key role in modelling and passing
social legacy.
Key building blocks of children’s social legacy include:
• respect, beginning with themselves and working out to other people
• responsibility, fostered by respect for themselves, that is cultivated by
assigning children duties within the family, making them accountable for their
actions, and giving them room to make wrong choices once in a while
• unconditional love and acceptance by their parents, combined with
conditional acceptance when the parents discipline for bad behavior or actions
• the setting of social boundaries concerning how to relate to God, authority,
peers, the environment and siblings
• rules that are given within a loving relationship
The Spiritual Legacy

The Spiritual Legacy is the least in priority, but that is a mistake. As spiritual
beings, we adopt attitudes and beliefs about spiritual matters from one person or
another. Parents need to take the initiative and present faith to their children.
Parents who successfully pass along a spiritual legacy to their children model
and reinforce the unseen realities of the godly life. We must recognize that passing a
spiritual legacy means more than encouraging our children to attend church, as
important as that is. The church is there to support parents in raising their children
but it cannot do the raising; only parents can. Parents are primary in spiritual
upbringing. Children, perceive God the way they perceive their parents. If parents
are loving, affirming, forgiving and yet strong in what they believe, children will think
of God that way.
Here are five things you do that predict whether your children will receive the
spiritual legacy a Christian parent desires. Do you:
1. Acknowledge and reinforce spiritual realities? Do your children know, for
example, that Jesus loves everyone? That God is personal, loving and will
forgive us?
2. View God as a personal, caring being who is to be loved and respected?
3. Make spiritual activities a routine part of life?
4. Clarify timeless truth — what is right and wrong?
5. Incorporate spiritual principles into everyday living.
(SOURCE: Your Heritage, by J. Otis Ledbetter and Kurt Bruner.)

Module 7
What’s More
The following are some situations that describe a family. On the blank
provided, write what structure of family is indicated.
George and Mirriam were already married for 17 years. Their eldest is ten years
old named Nathan and their youngest is seven years old named Hannah. They
are living in Palawan together with their witty dog, Bantay. While the couple are
working, George’s father, Lolo Berting is the one who fetches the two kids at
school; while Lola Pasing does the household chores and the cooking. Since
Nathan was born, both Lolo Berting and Lola Pasing lived together with George’s
family to assist the couple in parenting Hannah and Nathan.
Lita was twelve years old when she knew that she was adopted. Mr. Benjamin
and Mrs. Linda had three kids and all of them were boys. Since the couple wanted
to have a baby girl, they decided to adopt because they were too old to have
another baby. It was Lina’s birthday when the couple talked to her and told her
the truth. Lina wholeheartedly accepted the truth and embraced Mr. and Mrs.
Santos. Lina’s biological parents died on a car accident, that is why the couple
adopted Lina.

Module 7
Major Mark Delos Reyes of the Philippine Army was assigned in the province of
Tuguegarao. In the call of duty and service, Maj. Delos Reyes and his wife decided
that the whole family will transfer to Tuguegarao where the former was assigned.
The next day, they packed all their things and left their home.
Joyce is fifth among the 13 children of Mr. and Mrs. Aquino. She was sixteen
years. old and will be a grade 11 student next year. Because of poverty, her
parents cannot support her studies anymore. Her father is a farmer and he is the
only one who provides for their living. Her aunt was living in Manila and offered
her father to support Joyce’s study until she finishes her college. A condition was
given to them, though. Joyce will have to stay in Manila and will live with her
aunt Tessie and her family.

Module 7
What I Have Learned
Direction: Identify the term/s being described by the statement. Fill each blank with
the correct answer
1. is the basic unit of the society.

2. Family comes from the “familia”.
3. There are different family structures, and one of them is Nuclear family which
is also known as family.
4. family consists of father, mother, children, grandparents,
aunts, uncle, and other family relatives living together in one household.
5. Step families are also known as family, because two families are
brought together.
6. Single parent family is a family wherein a single parent is responsible of
taking care of members of the family; this could either be because of divorced
or .
7. Foster family parent who serves as a guardian for one or more
children to whom they may or may not be biologically related with.
8. Bi-racial or multi-racial family is a family wherein parents are from different
.
9. Adoptive family is a family wherein parents may a child to whom they
share no blood relationship, or one parent may adopt the child of the other
parent.
10. Conditionally separated family is a family where one of the family members
is conditionally separated from the others. This separation may be due to
their or could be due to hospitalization.
11. A family wherein one or both parents has a different sexual
orientation.
12. A family consists of only married couple.
13. A transracial family is a family where parents adopt a child from a different
.
14. It is migrant family which together on different place. It could
be from one place to another due to some circumstances.
15. A/an family is a family where one or both parents are already an
immigrant of other country.

Module 7
What I Can Do
Activity: Understanding My Own Family Structure

In this activity, you will need a family picture. Paste it on your notebook. If
you do not have a recent family picture, you can cut out pictures from the magazines
and just put name of your family member on each picture. You may also draw your
family picture.
Identify what family structure you have at home. Write the names of each
member of your family below the picture. In a short paragraph, describe your family.
Explain your family’s social, emotional and spiritual legacies.
My Family
____
____
____
____
____

Module 7
Assessment
A. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which of the following best describes a foster family?

A. Two families brought together due to divorce, separation,
or remarriage
B. A family wherein father or mother who is singly responsible
for raising a child
C. A family where the parents are members of different racial groups
D. A type of family wherein one member of the family is a temporary
member of a household either that member is related by blood or not.
2. An extended family consists of
A. father, mother, children
B. father, mother, children, grandparents, cousins, and other relatives
C. gay father, mother, niece
D. mother and father
3. Which of the following is not included in a nuclear family?

A. Mother
B. Father
C. Grandparents
D. Children (son/daughter)
4. Which of the following best describes single parent family?
A. Two families brought together due to divorce, separation,
or remarriage
B. A family wherein father or mother who is singly responsible
for raising a child
C. A family where the parents are members of different racial groups
D. A type of family wherein one member of the family is a temporary
member of a household either that member is related by blood or not.
5. Family is defined as
A. A group of people with common likes and dislikes
B. A group of people related to one another by blood, marriage,
or adoption
C. Two people loving one another
D. People living together in one community
6. A family wherein one or both parents are member of the LGBT community.
A. Single parent family

B. Immigrant family
C. Gay or lesbian family
D. Foster family

Module 7
7. Adoptive family is
A. A parent who left his/her family due to employment
B. A divorce husband/wife who chooses to raise his/her children alone
C. A couple or single parent who decides to raise another person’s child
as their own
D. None of the above
8. A guardian is a
A. Person who is the parent of the child
B. A mother or a father
C. A sister or a brother
D. A person who has the responsibility to take care of a child with a
consent from the government
9. In relation to good parenting, which of the following is a legacy that you
can pass on to your children?
A. Social legacy
B. Emotional legacy
C. Spiritual legacy
D. All the above
10. Which of the following is a benefit of extended family?

A. Potentially increased emotional support
B. Comparing yourself from your siblings and cousins
C. Increased fighting among relatives
D. All the above
B. Read the following statements below, write the word TRUE if the statement is
correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
_______ 1.
Single parent family is a couple living together without having a child.
_______ 2.
Nuclear family is also called as “traditional” family.
_______ 3.
A childless couple is not considered as family.
_______ 4.
Bi-racial or multi-racial family is a family were parents are from different
races.
_______ 5. A Filipino who married a Chinese woman and have two kids
is considered as step family.

Module 7
Family contributes to the development of an individual. Most of the youth

nowadays are very considerate about their future. At this time, most of you are
imagining your ideal partner, and what your future life will be.
Looking forward to your future, seven to ten years from now, many of you
might be married or are getting married. After our discussion with regard family,
write down what family structure do you like to have. Describe what your future
family would be. You can adopt rules from your parents on how you want to train
your future child. You can do this activity either through a poem, a short story, or
through illustration.

Module 7
Module 7
What I Know What's More Assessment
1. D ANSWERS MAY VARY 1. D
2. A 2. B
3. A 3. C
4. D 4. B
5. B What I Can Do 5. B
6. A 6. C
7. D 1. Extended Family 7. C
8. D 2. Adoptive Family 8. D
9. C 3. Migrant Family 9. D
10.D 4. Foster Family 10.A
11.TRUE 11.FALSE
12.TRUE 12.TRUE
13.FALSE 13.FALSE
14.FALSE 14.TRUE
15.TRUE 15.FALSE
Answer Key
References
Family. Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/family
Laff, Rebecca and Wendy Ruiz. Child, Family and Community. An Open Educational
Resources Publication by College of the Canyons.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1B4Y2EEp7HoECRBh_vXP3BCrg84QYOnjD
/view
Ledbetter, J. Otis by Bruner, Kurt. Family Legacies. Focus on the Family.

https://www.focusonthefamily.com/parenting/family-legacies/

Module 7

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Make a Genogram and Trace
Certain Physical, Personality, or
Behavioral Attributes through
Generations

Module 8
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Make a Genogram and Trace Certain Physical, Personality, or
Behavioral Attributes through Generations
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writers: Minerva B. Villan
Reviewers: Sherelyn N. Mijares, Jean L. Reyes, Jerome C. Hilario, Jesusa L. Partosa,
Aira Myr T. Marbibi, Priscilla V. Salo
Illustrator: Gilbert R. Esguerra
Layout Artist: Diana F. delos Santos, Rosanito S. Paras
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
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Elaine T. Balaogan
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Rochene I. Garcia
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Certain Physical, Personality, or
Behavioral Attributes through
Generations

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This material was produced to give you, learners, the right amount of
assistance you need to absorb and acquire all the necessary concepts and nature
comprising oneself. Lessons are bounded on the performance and content standard,
learning competencies and level of the learners. This material is very appropriate to
the understanding of the varied types of learners like you. Sequence of the lessons
adhered to the arrangement of the competencies as reflected on the DepEd’s
This module is entitled “Make a Genogram and Trace Certain Physical,
Social, and Emotional Personality, or Behavioral Attributes through Generations”.
(EsP-PD11/12FSL-IId-e11.2)

1. Define genogram;
2. Appreciate the importance of family genogram; and
3. Make a family genogram and trace physical, social, emotional, or behavioral
attributes through generations.

Module 8
What I Know
Before you proceed to discover this module, you are given two sets of activity
to check your own understanding.
Activity 1. Multiple Choices

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the correct answer on a
1. This is a graphic representation of a family tree that displays detailed data on

relationships among individuals. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing
the user to analyze hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate
relationships.
A. Biogram
B. Heregram
C. Genogram
D. Radiogram
2. One of the advantages of describing family relationships through illustrations is
to include some basic data found in traditional family tree. Which among the
group is NOT included?
A. Chronic illness
B. Gender
C. Family relationships
D. Social events
3. Every member of the family should consider one’s emotion because this affects
family relationships. The emotional relationships provide an in-depth analysis of
how these individuals in the family relate to one another. These statements are
A. False
B. Maybe
C. True
D. Irrelevant
4. It is a special symbol used to describe relationships, major events, and the
dynamics of a family over multiple generations. Which shape symbolizes male
member of the family?
A. Circle
B. Diamond
C. Square
D. Triangle

Module 8
5. It is a special symbol used to describe relationships, major events, and the
dynamics of a family over multiple generations. Which shape symbolizes female
member of the family?
A. Circle
B. Diamond
C. Square
D. Triangle
Activity 2. Illustration analysis
Directions: Study the diagram below and identify the symbol and its meaning base
on your own understanding. Refer to the assigned letters.
Symbol Meaning (Choose one)

brother, daughter, husband, sister, son, wife,
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Module 8
Lesson
Certain Physical, Personality,
8 or Behavioral Attributes
through Generations
“When a picture depicts thousand words.”
Grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, son, daughter, aunt, uncle,

cousin, niece, and nephew are but just of the few words you will use in making family
genogram. You will be able to identify various family members in your family as well
as other members of your kin when illustrating your family genogram.
In this lesson, let us learn more about how your family genogram will help you
trace physical, personality, or behavioral attributes through generations. As a
student, you will be able to recognize your family members and describe each of
them. You need to do some activities in this lesson. Also, medical, social, emotional
and mental relationships in the family will be represented to help you focus on the
family information you want to know and further evaluate.
What’s In
Let us begin this lesson by letting you assess your learnings about the
previous topics on family structures.
The Three-Coded Column Chart
Directions: Identify what family structures are described in the sentences below
by decoding the symbol in each item placed before the number. Each symbol
corresponds to the family structures as shown in the column below. Write only the
letters of the chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Blended B. Multi-racial C. Adoptive

D. Step E. Single parent F. Immigrant
G. Extended H. Foster I. Migrant
J. Conditionally
K. Nuclear L. Gay or Lesbian
separated

Module 8
_________1. A family unit consisting of at most a father, a mother and a dependent
child or children.
_________2. A family consisting of parents and children, along with grandparents,
grandchildren and other relatives.
_________3. Two families brought together due to divorce, separation, and

remarriage.
_________4. This can be either a father or a mother who has that sole responsibility
of raising a child or children.
_________5. A family where one or more of the children has been adopted.
_________6. A family that consist of members from two previous family.
_________7. A family member separated from the rest of the family due to employment
and military service.
_________8. A family where one or more of the children is legally a temporary member
of the household. The “temporary” period may be as short as few days or
as long as the child’s entire childhood.
_________9. A family where parents have gone to other country as adults while the
children may stay in the country of origin.
_________10. A family that moves from one place to another due to employment. The
whole family members do the movement.
What’s New
Tracing our family history may not only give us ideas of who are the
prominent individuals who belong to our family tree but most significantly, it will
help us grow better. You will not only learn who your family is but how everyone is
connected. For instance, a family genogram can tell you who is married, widowed,
divorced, and the like.

Module 8
To begin a genogram, you will need to follow different steps to document your
family history. Wise choice of symbols could lead to a well-illustrated family
genogram.
However, you are going to do the following activities first before going further
with the lesson.
Activity 1: The V-CHART
Directions. Think about your traditional family tree. Make a comparison between a
family tree and family genogram. Refer to the pictures and write your description
according to your own understanding. You can use a separate sheet of paper.
The Family Tree The V-Chart The Family Genogram

1.____________________ 1._____________________
_____________________ _______________________
2.____________________ 2._____________________
_____________________ _______________________
3.____________________ 3._____________________
_____________________ _______________________
4.____________________ 4._____________________
_____________________ _______________________
5.____________________ 5._____________________
_____________________ _______________________
Process Questions:
1. How do you feel about the activity?

2. How do you compare family tree from genogram?
3. How is genogram made? Are you ready to explore one? Do you like to make
your own family genogram?

Module 8
What is It
Genogram Defined
A genogram (pronounced: jen-uh-gram) is a graphic representation of a family

tree that displays detailed data on relationships among individuals. A genogram is a
more complex family tree because it describes not only the family’s physical and
social relationships, but also the emotional connections and other family attributes.
Genograms were first developed and popularized in clinical settings by Monica

McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book in 1985.
Genograms are now used by various groups of people in a variety of fields such as
medicine, psychology, social work, genealogy, genetic research, and education.
A genogram is also known as a McGoldrick–Gerson study (Jolly et al., 1980).

It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to visualize hereditary
patterns and psychological factors that punctuate relationships. It can be used to
identify repetitive patterns of behavior and to recognize hereditary tendencies
(Friedman et al., 1988).
Murray Bowen invented the concept of the genogram as part of his family
systems model in the 1970s. Genograms were later developed and popularized in
clinical settings by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication
of a book titled Genograms: Assessment and Intervention in 1985. Genograms are
now used by various groups of people in a variety of fields such
as medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, genetic research, education, and
many more. Some practitioners in personal and family therapy use genograms for
personal records and/or to explain family dynamics to the client.
Genogram Symbols
A genogram is a family tree or map or history that uses special symbols to
describe relationships of family members over multiple generations. Like any other
graphic organizer, genogram makes it easy for a person to present and comprehend
certain information.
Figure 1. Basic Genogram Symbols
Male symbol
Female symbol
Pregnancy
Gay symbol
Lesbian symbol

Module 8
Married
Separated
Divorced
X Death
Conflictual relationship
Very close relationship
Distant relationship
Additional genogram symbols
?
Identical twins
Adopted child
Foster child
Miscarriage
No Gender
Pregnancy
Fraternal
Abortion
Death
twins
Pet
Figure 2. Emotional Relationships Genogram Symbols

Module 8
Figure 3. Medical Genogram Symbols
Alzheimer Disease
Substance Abuse
Down Syndrome
Breast Cancer
Heart Disease
Depression
Smoking
Diabetes
How to Draw Genogram: Steps

1. Know your reason for making a genogram to help you determine the type
of family information you want to indicate.
2. Name all the members of your family kinship that you wanted to include
in your genogram.
3. Organize questions to gather facts and figures about your relatives to be
included in the genogram
4. Write down notes how everyone in your family is connected. Solicit
information starting with the oldest generation down the line.

Module 8
What’s More
Learning the Skill: Understanding Genogram

Activity 1: Worded Problem
Directions: Make a family genogram using the situation below. Use another sheet
of paper if needed.
Juan, 48 years old, had been married to Maria, 42 years old, since 2000.
They were blessed with two children, Fe and Jose. Fe, 22 years old, was the
eldest and Jose, 20 years old, was the youngest. However, as time went by,
problems and misunderstanding of the couple had caused them to divorce their
marriage. Eventually, due to the divorced of their parents, Fe had decided to get
married to Mateo, 26 years old, last 2019. Later, they were blessed with twins
named Noel and Noela. On the other hand, Maria then found her long-distance
relationship to Nena, a 40-year-old lesbian. While at present, Jose is living alone
with his favorite pet, Lassie.

Module 8
Activity 2: Illustrated Problem
Directions: Study the family genogram below and describe the family relationships
in the form of an essay. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Process Questions:
1. How did you feel about the activity?
2. What are the genogram symbols that you used?
3. Is making genogram a good idea to describe one’s family relationships? Why?
4. How do making your family genogram affect your life as an adolescent?

Module 8
What I Have Learned
Activity 1. Filling the Blanks
Directions: Carefully analyze each developmental concept about genogram. Fill in

the blanks with the letter of the correct answer. Choose your answer from the list
of words inside the box.
A. circle F. Graphic
B. symbols G. Murray Bowen
C. psychology H. Genograms
D. 1970 I. medicine
E. Family J square
Genogram is a ______(1)______ representation of a family tree that displays

detailed data on relationships among individual member of the
_____(2)______. Genograms were first developed and popularized in clinical settings
by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book in 1985.
Genogram is also known as a McGoldrick–Gerson study.

______(3)_______ invented the concept of the genogram as part of his family
systems model in the _____(4)______. _____(5)_________ are now used by various
groups of people in a variety of fields
like ______(6)_________, psychiatry, __________(7)___________, social
work, genetic research, education and many more.
Genogram is a family tree or map or history that uses special ______(8)_________

to describe relationships of family members over multiple generations.
Genogram is represented by different symbols to identify family members like

_____(9)________ for male, _____(10)_________ for female, and many more.

Module 8
Activity 2. Mnemonics
Directions: Rearrange the following steps from 11-15 in making family genogram by
considering the beginning of the sentences to form the mnemonic. Write A for the
first step and E for the last step.
___________11. Write down notes how everyone in your family is connected.
___________12. Organize questions to relatives to solicit family information.
___________13. Name all the members of your family kinship that you wanted to
include in your genogram.
___________14. Know your reason for making a genogram to help you determine
the type of family information you want to indicate.
___________15. Solicit information starting with the oldest generation down

the line.
What I Can Do
Let us try to examine how well you have learned from this lesson by doing the
activity below.
Activity 1: Family Genogram
Directions: Make genogram of your family by using the symbols that you have
learned. Consider the family physical, social and emotional relationships, and other
family attributes.

Module 8
Assessment
A. Multiple Choice
Direction. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is this graphic representation of a family tree that displays detailed data
on relationships among the individual member of the family?
A. Genocide
B. Genogram
C. Genealogy
D. Generation
2. Genograms were first developed and popularized in clinical settings by Monica

McGoldrick and Randy Gerson through the publication of a book in
A. 1985
B. 1988
C. 1995
D. 1998
3. A genogram is also known as

A. McCormick–Gerson study
B. McGoldrick–Gerson study
C. McJohnrick–Gerson study
D. McPatrick–Gerson study
4. Who invented the concept of the genogram as part of his family systems
model?
A. Charles Bowen
B. Harray Randell
C. Marly Bowen
D. Murray Bowen
5. Genograms are now used by various groups of people in a variety of fields

like medicine, psychiatry, psychology, social work, genetic research, and
A. culture
B. education
C. philosophy
D. society

Module 8
B. Identification
B.1 Directions: Study the genogram below and draw the symbols of the
following identifiers from items 6-10.
6. Male ________________
7. Married ________________
8. Death ________________
9. Divorced ________________
10. Female ________________
B.2 Directions: Name the genogram symbols used below.
11. __________________ 14. ____________________

12. __________________ 15. ____________________
13. __________________
You have already learned a lot about family structure. This time, you are
going to make a legwork. Try interviewing your relatives about your family history.
You may begin with your parents then interview your grandparents for you to make
‘The Family Genogram’ of your clan.
Trace the history of your family considering the family relationships,

emotional relationships, and medical history using the different genogram symbols.
Consider a good layout in presenting your output. Include important details such
as the complete name of your relative and their occupation or any legacy to where
they become prominent. Then, write a short statement giving your assessment as
to whom you have inherited some of your dominant characteristic traits. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Module 8
Villan Family Genogram

Module 8
Module 8
What I have learned:
1. F 6. C 11. D
2. E 7. I 12. C
3. G 8. B 13. B
4. D 9. J 14. A
5. H 10. A 15. E
(6-10)
1. B
1. B 1. K 2. A
2. D 2. G 3. B
3. C 3. D 4. D
4. C 4. E 5. B
5. A 5. C
6-7. A is the husband 6. A 6. – 10. refer below
of B 7. J
8-9. B is the deceased 8. H 11. Death
wife of A 9. F 12. Male
10-11. C is the son of A 10.I 13. Female
and B 14. Married
12-13. D is the wife of 15. Divorced
C who had their
divorced lately
14-15. E are the twin
children of C and D
Answer Key
What’s More
Activity 1
Activity 2
(Possible Answer)
Joel Burgos and Carlito Burgos had been married for 30 years. But due
to circumstances, they got their divorced lately. However, they had their two
children, namely, Jaime Burgos, 29 years old and Joseph Burgos, 24 years old.
At present, Joseph is in a long-distance relationship with Jona, 24 years old.
Activity 2 18 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Module 8
(Possible Answer)
References
Butler, John. The Family Diagram and Genogram: Comparisons and

Contrasts. American Journal of Family Therapy. 36 (3): 169–
180. doi:10.1080/01926180701291055,
Genogram Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genogram
Giants & Pilgrims. Family Tree.” Giants and Pilgrims.

https://giantsandpilgrims.com/almanac-adventure-november-family-tree/
Introduction to the Genogram. GenoPro. https://www.genopro.com/genogram/

IU8 Author. “Family Members”. OER Commons.
https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/23604
NDE Digital Learning. Art Bridges – Hildegard Center: Family Tree. OER
Commons. https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/56498-art-bridges-
hildegard-center-family-tree

Module 8

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Plan on How to Make the Family
Members Firmer and Gentler
with Each Other

Module 9
Quarter 2 – Module 9: Plan on How to Make the Family Members Firmer and Gentler
with Each Other
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writers: Rebecca T. Arevalo
Reviewers: Sherelyn N. Mijares, Jean L. Reyes, Jerome C. Hilario, Jesusa L. Partosa,
Aira Myr T. Marbibi, Priscilla V. Salo
Layout Artist: Diana F. delos Santos, Rosanito S. Paras
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Christopher R. Diaz
Juan R. Araojo Jr.
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Plan on How to Make the Family
Members Firmer and Gentler
with Each Other

Thank you.

Module 9
What I Need to Know
This module is designed and written to help you prepare a plan on how to
make the family members firmer and gentler with each other. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

1. Identify the different types of relationships and their respective roles in the
family.
2. Describe the ways of a firmer and gentler relationship with the members of
the family.
3. Create a plan on how to have firmer and gentler relationships
among the family members.

Module 9
What I Know
A. Write ✓ if the statement is True and write X if the statement is False.
1. Family relationships are not significant relationships in society

2. A firm and gentle relationship in the family is a relationship that stands
through the test of times.
3. Family members performing their basic roles help promote good
relationships.
4. The sibling relationship is the connection between or among the brothers
or sisters in the family.
5. The Parent-child relationship is the intimate connection between
husband and wife or cohabitation partner.
6. Encouragement to do better in the family destroys the trust of each other.
B. Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of

your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
Members of the family Roles of the members of the family
7. Parents A. Honor, obey, and respect parents and others.
8. Children B. Provide the needs like food, clothing, shelter,

love, care, and acceptance
9. Siblings C. Give moral support to the family.
10. Extended family D. Assist the parents in taking care of

brothers and sisters.
C. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer. Write the letter of your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
11. Which of the following characteristics promotes firmer family
relationships?
A. Having time together
B. Loving and forgiving each other
C. Trusting the different members of the family
D. All of the above

Module 9
12. Who among them destroys the relationships in the family?
A. Peter helped solve the problems of his sister.
B. Rex lied to his parents about his performance in school
C. Leah expressed her gratitude to her mother for cooking her food.
D. Jean forgave her brother who has offended her by yelling at her.
13. Which situation builds better relationships?

A. The mother shows favoritism to the youngest child in the family.
B. Joe envies the youngest child since he is the favorite of the family
C. Liza accepts the fact that her family is not perfect, but she’s
learning from their mistakes.
D. The father makes every decision in the family.
14. Which situation promotes respect for the members of the family?
A. Gina listens to the concerns of her younger siblings.
B. Ruel asks permission from his mother to leave the house.
C. Cris returns the cellphone he borrowed from her sister.
D. All of the above
15. Which of the following makes firmer and gentler relationships?

A. Belief in God of love, hope, and justice as a central part of the
relationship.
B. Belief in one’s achievement and accomplishment.
C. The financial aspect is focused on decisions and actions.
D. Family problems are being solved alone.

Module 9
Lesson Family: Plan on How to Make
9 Members of the Family Firmer

and Gentler
A relationship is essential in our lives as social beings. From the previous module, you
traced the relationship through a genogram that made you realize the traits and health situation
of your family. This module covers the different relationships and responsibilities among
members of the family and a description of a healthy family relationship. The expected task in
this lesson is to create a plan on how to have firmer and gentler relationships among members
of the family.
You need to accomplish the following activities to help you reach the objectives of this
module.
What’s In
Let us check your learnings from your previous lesson by doing the activity below.
A. Identification.
Directions: Identify the following statements by choosing the answer inside the box.
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Genogram B. Siblings C. McGoldrick–Gerson

D. Couple E. Extended family F. Murray Bowen
_____1. It is the connection between or among the brothers or sisters in the

family.
_____2. It is an intimate connection between partners as husband and wife or
two people living together through the bond of marriage or by
cohabitation (live-in partner).
_____3. It refers to the connection between the nuclear family with other
members of the family like aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins, and
other relatives?
_____4. It is a family tree or map or history that uses special symbols to describe
relationships of family members over multiple generations.
_____5. He invented the concept of the genogram as part of his family systems
model in the 1970s.

Module 9
B. Arrange the steps in making a family genogram in proper order by writing A to E.
1. Know your reason for making a genogram to help you determine the type of
family information you want to indicate.
2. Formulate questions to relatives to solicit family information.
3. Write down notes indicating how everyone in your family is connected.
4. Decide the number of generations that you wanted to include in your
genogram.
5. Draw your genogram starting with the oldest down to the latest generation.

The role of the teacher or facilitator is to guide the students in
doing the activities in this module. Remind the students not to
write anything on any pages of the module, but to write their
answers on a separate sheet of paper. Taking care of this material
is of great importance in order to pass this material on to others.
Thank you and God bless you!

Module 9
What’s New
Learning the Skill: Describing the characteristics of the family.
Activity 1. Word Search
Find 5 characteristics of strong relationship in the family. Write a brief description of

each characteristic.
F X C S A T Y O N V I B
M O V Z W I C E K G L P
E D R U X N A J F N A G
S C I G O S V I H I M E
X T Z E I B O Y U G O N
E S A L X V D K R A F T
F U H I Y W I L E R I L
T R O N R O X N S U X E
G T C E P S E R G O T P
N A Z D O F K U L C E Y
I K Y M I V S E J N G O
B R U G C N A W Y E H M
Example: Forgiving-letting go of the ill-feeling we have against each other.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________

Module 9
What is It
Family Relationships
Family relationships are meaningful relationships in life and society. It is the basic
relationship people have in life since birth, especially of children born in a biological
family. They play a vital role in shaping and developing an individual’s well-being
throughout his/her life. Let us identify the types of family relationships and their
respective roles in the family.
Family Members and Their Roles
In the chart are the different members and their respective roles in the family.
Family Members Roles

Couple To provide the need of each other physically, emotionally,
financially, etc.
Parents The provider of the basic needs of the family such as food,
clothes, shelter, education, safety needs, love, acceptance,
and care.
Children Must honor and obey their parents, respect each other,
help the household chores, study, etc.
Siblings Older siblings assist in taking care of the needs of the
siblings, while younger siblings should listen and learn
from them.
Extended members May extend support to the unmet needs of the family like
the grandparents taking care of grandchildren, giving
advice to the members of the family if necessary.
What are your roles to be played in your family? As a member of the family, how
could you promote firmer/stronger and gentler relationships in your family? Let’s look
at some ways for establishing healthier relationships in the family.
What is a firmer and gentler family relationship?
It is a relationship that makes the family stronger amid difficulties, and crisis
they are experiencing. Struggles and difficult times brought them closer together, as
they learn to be respectful, patient, kind, and tender to each other, because they are
one as a family. It is like a strong tree that can always stand still in the face of different
storms passing through it.

Module 9
Activity 2
Creating a Mind Map
Create a mind map showing how to have a firmer and gentler relationship in
your family. To help you in creating this mind map, you may refer to the rubrics
found after the additional activities.
Sample Mind Map:
Mind map by: Rebecca T. Arevalo
Process Questions:
1. How did you find the activity?

2. What have you learned from doing the activity?
3. How did the activity help you realize your relationship in the family?
Ways on How to Make Family Members Firmer and Gentler with Each Other:
Acronym of FIRMER and GENTLER PLANS
Foster
. unity. There is unity in the family despite the differences in
personalities and characteristics of each member by doing its specific
roles in the family. Promote unity in the family by building a bond
among the members.
Involve each other. Every member of the family is important. Include

them in significant decision-making in family life.

Module 9
Respect individuality. Give higher regard by appreciating the
uniqueness of every member of the family, knowing that everyone has its
identity, strengths, and weaknesses. Respect can be earned without
comparing one with another. An example is by asking permission
whenever one needs other member’s belongings.
Model the behavior. Everyone in the family could be a model for each
other. Modeling behavior is setting yourself as an example that is worth
following to other members of the family.
Explain expectations and consequences. Let every family member

understand what is expected of them as to their responsibility. Along with
this, consequences must be clarified, so they will also know their
accountability.
Reward good behavior. A reward is an excellent motivation for any family

member, so they can keep on doing what is good and right. Always look
at the positive behavior rather than focusing and nagging on other family
member’s failures.
Give love and forgiveness. We all need love, but we also need to give
love. Love is the core of relationships to make it stronger and better. When
there is love, there is also forgiveness for they go hand in hand together.
Encourage and express gratitude. These things would lighten the

burden the person is having by supporting one another through giving
positive words and expressing gratitude. Back up one another with
constructive words and affirmation.
Nurture trust. A trusting relationship promotes dignity and integrity in

the relationship. When trust is present, it challenges the person to do
better because others are depending on him/her.
Take time together. Spending time together helps to know each other
better and promote authentic and stronger relationships. Pray, play, eat,
solve problems together, etc.

Module 9
Listen attentively. Give your attention to the one who has concerns.
It enables you to understand the motives, feelings, and ideas of others.
The deeper the understanding between each family member, the stronger
the family is.
Ensure safety. It is within the family that members should feel safe and
secured. Be sure that no abuses and domestic violence are happening
among the members of the family. Do not put your family in danger.
Remember God. Acknowledge God as the Source, great provider, and the
center of the relationship. The God of love, peace, and justice is with us
always. If God is the center of the relationships, you will do everything
that is pleasing both to God and others.
Pray always. Prayer is a necessary ingredient in relationships. Seek

strength and help from God in all circumstances. A family that prays
together stays stronger.
Learn good communication. Good communication promotes knowledge

and understanding of the situation in the family. Good communication
uses “I” messages expressing one's concerns and feelings, not blaming
and condemning others.
Accept failures. Nobody is perfect; everyone makes mistakes. Acceptance

of one’s failure gives room for learning and improvement in your
relationship.
Nourish each other. To nourish is to provide the necessary things needed

in the family. Nourish the family with kindness and gentleness. Stop
being rude or harsh toward each other.
Serve one another. Serving one another is treating everyone as

important to you. When everyone is serving each other, the burden of the
family becomes lighter.

Module 9
Illustrated by: Gilbert R. Esguerra
Why it is important to have a firmer and gentler relationship in the family?
A good family relationship creates a transformative society because whatever happens in

the family impacts the society. When the family has a firmer and gentler relationship, it
becomes easier to reach dreams and goals; it’s easier to have a healthy a happy life. The family
then becomes fruitful in any endeavor. With all these, the God of love, peace, and justice is
honored.
What’s More
Activity 1: Understanding the characteristics of relationships

Directions: Read and analyze the situation below. Answer the questions that follow.
Joel is the eldest child in the family. His family is having a hard life since
his father is a construction worker with no permanent job, and his mother works
at home to take care of them. Joel has five siblings of three sisters and two
brothers. As the eldest, he felt the burden of helping to meet the needs of his
family. When he was in Junior High School, he took a part-time job after class,
in order to have an additional income to support the needs of his family. He did
it with permission from his parents and started to work as balut vendor in the
neighborhood, until he earned money to finance his own studies. Through balut
selling, he was able to provide some of their needs including school allowances.
Joel’s parents are proud and happy of his effort in helping them, and they always
encourage him to do his best in his studies. His other siblings are helping in the
household chores and also in the assignment of his younger siblings for they are
looking forward to a better future.

Module 9
His parents guided them on how to live a life of contentment and service.
They are happy despite their struggling financial situation because they have
learned to love, care, and respect each other. Above all, they have a relationship
with God. At bedtime, they spend time together in prayer and go to church every
Sunday. Now, Joel is in Senior High School. He is studying well while continuing
his work of selling balut. He applies what he learned from school and does his
best as a good example to others.
Questions:
1. What is the story all about?

2. What are the characteristics of the people involved in the story?
3. How did the story describe a firmer relationship among the family members?
What I Have Learned
Activity: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Use a separate sheet for your
answer.
1. ___________ are meaningful relationships in life and society.
2. ___________ a relationship that makes the family stronger in the midst of
difficulties, and crisis they are experiencing.
3. ___________ give higher regard by appreciating the uniqueness of every
member of the family, knowing that everyone has its identity,
strengths, and weaknesses.
4. ___________ is an excellent motivation for any family member, so they can
keep on doing what is good and right.
5. ___________ must honor and obey their parents, respect with each other, help
the household chores, study, etc.
Give the acronym of PLANS for firmer relationship.
6. P
7. L
8. A
9. N
10. S
`
Complete the following Statement:
11. I realized that
.
12. I learned that

.

Module 9
What I Can Do
Activity: Directions: Make an activity plan using the letters of your name - ACRONYM
(First name, Nick name, or Last name) that can keep and make your family relationship
gentler and stronger.
Example: BECCA
Objective: Activities Persons Time Expected Reflection
involved outcomes
To have Bonding time Siblings and Twice a Better Family time is
harmonious with them parents week relationship priceless.
and loving Expressing God, Parents, Everyday Happy and Gratitude is a
relations gratitude siblings, and everyone is positive
within the others valued attitude,
family.
Communicating God, Parents, Everyday Know and Effective
effectively siblings, and understand Communication
others each other. makes stronger
relations.
Celebrating Siblings and During Everyone is It’s good to
special parents birthdays appreciated celebrate with
occasions and special one another.
events.
Acknowledging God, Parents, Everyday Peaceful There is peace
the presence of siblings, and and when God is in
God in the others harmonious the house.
family living.
Process Questions
1. What have you observed from the activity?
2. What did you feel while doing the activity?
3. How could this activity help build a firm relationship with your family?

Module 9
Assessment
A. Write Fact if the statement is True and write Bluff if the statement is False.
_______ 1. Love is one of the essential ingredients to have firmer/stronger and gentler
relationships.
_______ 2. It is important to work on communicating our feelings properly in

relationships.
_______ 3. Judging one another makes the family relationships stronger.
_______ 4. Performing everyone’s role and responsibilities help the family relationship
better.
_______ 5. The loving relationship of the couple promotes security and safety of the
children.
_______ 6. A healthy family relationship destroys the stability of the society.

_______ 7. Envying each other builds the relationship stronger.
B. Choose the best answer and write the letter of your answer in your paper.
8. Which situation builds better relationships?
a. The mother shows favoritism to the youngest child in the family.
b. Joe envies the youngest child since he is the favorite of the family
c. Liza accepts the fact that her family is not perfect, but she’s learning from
their mistakes.
d. The father makes every decision in the family.
9. Which of the following destroys good family relationships?
a. Appreciating the efforts of the members
b. Comparing the siblings with the other
c. Giving reward to good behavior
d. Praying together
10. Which of the following shows that they have firm family relationship?
a. Mother takes care of the children’s need
b. Father works to support their living
c. Children obey their parents
d. All of the above
11. Which of the following shows gentle relationships?
a. Brother are bullying each other
b. Mother yells to the children
c. Ana comforts her sister who was hurt by her peers
d. Father demands service from the wife

Module 9
12. Which of the family shows firmer relationship?
a. Janice’s family members are doing things in their own way.
b. Joshua’s family sets expectations and consequences for their actions
c. Alex’s family does not talk with each other.
d. Julie’s family fights over every little matter
13. How can we have a healthy, strong, and gentle relationship?
a. By having bonding time together with the family
b. By doing our roles and responsibilities
c. By accepting the mistakes and learning to forgive
d. All of the above
14. Why do we need to have a firmer and gentler relationship in the family?
1. To honor God and live harmoniously with each other
2. To bring good transformation in society
3. To become famous in the society
A. Statement 1 & 3
B. Statement 1 & 2
C. Statement 1, 2,& 3
D. Statement 2 & 3
15. Karen was offended because her parents always compare her with her
siblings that they are better than her. What should Karen do?
a. She should talk to her mother about how she felt about it.
b. She should fight her siblings
c. She should keep silent and stay in her room
d. She should not eat so that she gets the attention of her parents

Module 9
Choose only 1 activity to answer
Activity 1
Interview a friend (through video call, phone call, text, messenger chat) about the
qualities of a strong and gentle relationship they have in their family. Write your
learnings and realizations in your journal.
Activity 2
A. Identify the weak characteristics in your family.
B. Write on your paper the characteristics in which you wanted to improve in your
relationships within your family, and indicate the activities, persons involved, frequency,
and the outcomes.
Weak Persons Frequency/

Activities Outcomes
Characteristics involved Remarks
Ex. Not good • Listen attentively to Parents, Everyday Understand
listeners my parents’ Siblings, and them better/
ideas and advice others no more fights
• Spend time to
listen to the problems
of siblings

Module 9
Rubrics for mind Map
Category 4 3 2 1
Ideas radiate All of the ideas Most of the Some of the Few of the
out of the clearly connect ideas clearlyideas clearly ideas clearly
central to the central connect to the
connect to the connect to the
ideas/image ideas/ images central ideas/
central ideas/ central ideas/
images images images
Ideas have key All of the ideas Most ideas Some ideas Few ideas have
images shows have key have key have key key images
an images shows images shows an
images shows shows an
understanding an understanding of
an understanding
of the content understanding the content understanding of the content
of the content of the content
The contents All of the Most of the Some of the Few of the
are well- contents are contents are well- contents are contents are
organized well-organized organized well-organized well-organized
Use of colors Variety of colors Less variety colors Few variety of colors are used
are used are used effectively colors are used effectively to
effectively to to clarify the effectively to clarify the
clarify the connection clarify the connection
connection connection
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Mind-Map-Rubric-16_fig1_325163516

Module 9
Module 9
What I have
Assessment Learned What I Know
1. Family relationships
1. Fact 2. Firm/Gentle 1. X
2. Fact 2. ✓
relationships
3. Bluff 3. Respect Individuality 3. ✓
4. Fact 4. ✓
4. Reward good
5. Fact 5. X
behavior
6. Bluff 6. X
5. Children
7. Bluff 7. B
6. Pray always
8. C 8. A
7. Learn good
9. B 9. D
communication
10.D 8. Accept failures 10.C
11.C 11.D
9. Nourish each other
12.B 12.D
10. Serve one
13.D 13.C
14.B another 14.D
15.A 15.A
For items 11-12
(Varied answers)
Answer Key
References
Concept on Uses of Mind Maps. Biggerplate. IMindMap. Accessed in June 15, 2020.
https://www.biggerplate.com/mapImages/xl/hJwkkAwN_Uses-of-Mind-Maps-
mind- map.png
Concept of Parents Day on White Background Flat. CanStockPhoto. Accessed in

June 06, 2020. https://www.canstockphoto.com/concept-of-parents-day-on-
white-50901631.html
Masykuri, Mohammad, Prayito, Baskoro Adi, & Widonetro, Sri. “An analysis of
logical thinking using mind mapping”.- Journal of Physics: Conference Series on
ResearchGate. 1022. 012020.10.1088/1742-6596/1022/012020. Accessed in
June 14, 2020. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Mind-Map-Rubric-
16_fig1_325163516
Thomas, Patricia A, Liu, Hui, & Umberson Debra. “Family Relationships and Well-
Beings”. Accessed in June 03, 2020. Innovation in Aging
2017:10.1093/genori/igx025. NCBI.NLM.NIH.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954612/

Module 9

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Factors Influence Career Planning
and Decision Making
CO_Q2_Personality Development SHS

Module 10
Personal Development- Senior High School
Quarter 2 – Module 10: Factors Influence Career Planning and Decision Making
First Edition, 2021
over them.


Writers: Angelica P. Rustia
Reviewers: Melanie Mae N. Moreno, Regicelle D. Cabaysa, Darwin D. Bargo
Alona A. Encinares, Jerome C. Hilario, Jesusa L. Partosa, Carla Margarita
A. Chua, Priscilla V. Salo
Illustrator: Salvacion Montenegro
Layout Artist: Mark Laurence T. Tapas, Carla D. Español
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Christopher R. Diaz
Juan R. Araojo, Jr.
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: lrmd@deped.gov.ph
`
Factors Influence Career
Planning and Decision Making

need to ask your facilitator or your teacher's assistance for better understanding of
you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This material was crafted to give you – learners, the right amount of assistance
for you to absorb and acquire all the necessary concepts and nature comprising
oneself. Lessons are bounded on the performance and content standard, learning
competencies and level of the learners. This also uses languages appropriate to the
understanding of the varied types of students’ learning acquisition. Sequence of the
lessons adheres to the arrangement of the competencies as reflected on the DepEd’s
This lesson is entitled Factors Influence Career Planning and Decision Making
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Explain that understanding different factors, career development concept and
personal life goals influence career planning and decision making.
What I Know
Knowing and understanding your abilities, skills, talents as well as your

weaknesses will help you to have a better career planning and decision making for
your future endeavor. Answering this activity assess your prior understanding on the
different factors that influence your career development. Choose the letter of the best
answer and write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following theory focuses on self-concept?

A. Big five personality Theory
B. Super’s Career Development Theory
C. Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs
D. Holland Theory of Career Choice
1 CO_Q2_Personality Development SHS

Module 10
2. Which of the following are stages of career developmental theory of Donald
Super?
A. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness
B. Growth, Exploration, Establishment, Maintenance, Decline
C. Physiological needs, safety, love & belonging,
self-esteem, self-actualization
3. Which of the following is considered the stable life goal or standard of behavior
that is important to personal and career life?
A. Career concept
B. Personality
C. Values
D. Self-Concept
4. Which of the following describes a characteristic of a certain individual that

makes him/her unique?
A. Career concept
B. Personality
C. Values
D. Self-Concept
5. Which of the following is regarded as an individual perception on different roles,

behavior, and opportunities?
A. Career concept
B. Values
C. Self-Concept
D. Personality
6. Which personal characteristic comes from intrinsic motivation?

A. Self-determination
B. Self-concept
C. Self-monitoring
D. Self-achievement
7. Which of the following characteristics describe as the capacity to watch over

his/her behavior and ability to organize a positive relationship within his/her
work environment?
A. Self-concept
B. Self-determination
C. Self-monitoring
D. Self-achievement

Module 10
8. This type of personality takes actions with initiative and uses thoughtful analysis
in solving problems.
A. Locus control
B. Proactive personality
C. Herd mentality
D. Self-achievement
9. Which of the following characteristics describes as an accumulated life

perception of social acceptance and is characterized by the affective strength
of your mind.
A. Self-Esteem
B. Parental Autonomy
C. Self-Efficacy
D. Locus control
10. Oliver is a senior high school student and survived junior high school on his
own. He looks for opportunities where he can learn different skills like
cellphone repair, welding, driving, and others and uses the skills to have
money to support his schooling. What character trait does he show?
A. Self-determination and proactive personality
B. Self-esteem and self-monitoring
C. Self-efficacy and Self concept
11. Since she was a child Nilda displayed affection and enjoyed helping others. She
has great interest and care with others, but she has an intrinsic personality
type. She doesn’t want to be in noisy crowded place and entertaining different
people. What possible profession is suited to her?
A. Social worker
B. Personal nurse
C. Hospital nurse
12. Mr. Renato is an officer in government office. One day, someone approached
him and offered a sizeable reward if he gives consideration to a certain matter
which is against the law. He, however, did not accept it because he wants to
be honest and to protect his dignity in work. What might have influenced Mr.
Renato in his decision?
A. His values
B. His profession
C. His proactive personality
D. His efficacy

Module 10
13. According to Donald Super, career development has five stages which are
growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline. Which of the
following event is under Decline stage?
A. An employee who securely establishes his role
B. An employee whose career is developed and needs advancement
C. An employee who decides to be out of his job
D. An employee who starts to define abilities and interest.
14. Traits are picked up and learned behaviors since childhood onwards. Lanz
wants to be a teacher and pledges himself to not return to his school until he
is not a teacher. He eventually becomes one of the faculty staff of his former
school. What personality trait did he portray?
A. Self-Esteem
B. Proactive personality
C. Self-Efficacy
D. A&B
15. What influences a person in planning his/her career?

A. Interest
B. Personality trait
C. Knowledge and skills
D. All of the above
Lesson Factors Influence Career

10 Planning and Decision
Making
Relationship with family, friends, and others is part of personality
development that gives a clear vision of your goal and aspiration in life. Since you
already know your roles in building and maintaining social, personal, and family
relationship, we will now explore your, interest, career choice, and factors that affect
your decision-making in achieving your dreams. This chapter will give you a better
understanding of yourself based on external and internal factors that may contribute
to your future career-- it needs careful analysis of chances and opportunities based
on your knowledge interest, abilities, talent, and skills.

Module 10
What’s In
Knowing one’s self is a predictor of behavior that magnifies active self and
focuses on salient goals. As an adolescent, it is a good start that you have self-
awareness of your strength and weakness in making your preliminary career plan.
Your family has a great influence on your growth that is reflected through your
behavior and lifestyle. Developmental challenges during adolescence, however, create
unclear visions on career planning, that is why valuing parents and family support
are very important at this stage. These will serve as guides and bases in your
decision-making.
Every person has different values or qualities that are remarkable to them.
Your family members also have different values or qualities that are treasurable.
Make an interview with your family members who work or have jobs. Ask them to
share their three notable values or qualities that are most important to them.
Complete the information needed in table below.
Name of Relationship Values/Qualities Why

family
member
1. What values are common to them?

2. How do values rule or influence their life or career?
3. What values are most interesting for you? Why?

Module 10
What’s New
Now that you already have an idea about your personality traits, let us now
examine the different situations that challenge you, as an adolescent, in planning
your career path.
John and his three siblings became orphans since he was 14 years old. Since
then, his grandmother looked after at them. Unfortunately, her grandmother died
two years ago. He is the eldest and now a graduating senior high school student. He
has a five-year old sibling, the youngest, whom he brings to the Daycare Center every
day before he goes to school, and another sister with Down Syndrome whom he
makes sure to securely leave at home.
His dream is to finish his studies in college for he knows that it is the only
way that will change their lives. Sometimes, he chooses to skip school, because he
needs to work. The distance from their house to his workplace is relatively far, but
he still chooses to walk to and from work. There are times that he grabs different
opportunities like TESDA scholarship to have an additional skill. He also works at
the school canteen after his classes. In addition, he gets extra work in the farm.
With the help of his second sibling who does not go to school, he tries to
provide for their family’s needs every day. Neighbors and other people sometimes give
help to them.
Finishing his high school is tough. Trying to endure it until college is even
tougher. He is eager to pursue it, though.
Unfortunately, now that we have a health crisis because of COVID 19

pandemic, the once hard life that they have has become even much harder for them.
Processing Questions:
1. What are the conflicts encountered?
2.What values and personal traits does John have?
3. If you were John, what would you have done to improve your living while still
trying to pursue your dreams?
4. What factors might influence his career planning and decision making?

Module 10
What is It
Once a child becomes aware and conditioned to learned, career development

begins. The transition of learning from childhood to adulthood through studies,
experience, work, and other aspects shapes an individual’s career concept. How you
think, respond, and give interest to situations contribute in the development of
interest, personality, values, and skills. Being an adolescent, you experience
uncertainty because of different challenges that measure your values and
personality. Facing these challenges with appropriate behavior and personal skills
will help you progress in order to achieve your goals and career plans in life. Likewise,
self-assessment is important in starting a career decision making. Looking at your
skills, interest, and personality that are aligned to your values can influence your
career decision-making.
Interests are areas that provide enjoyment and learning which result to a feeling of
reward to an individual. Personal interests should be inclined to career so that it will
result to a satisfying career decision-making.
Skills are talents or abilities that can be learned or acquired through training or day
to day experience. Developing skills are gained despite the difficulties, if someone
has an interest to learn.
Values are stable life goals that people have. It is an individual belief that are honed
from childhood and throughout his life. Your priorities, decisions, behaviors, and
actions reflect the values that you have acquired since you were a child until old age.
Every individual has a certain value that is dominant based on their choices,
direction in life, priorities, determination including avoidance of conflict. According
Rokeach Personality theory, there are two classification of values, the terminal values
that refer to the end desire of people in life, leading to a prosperous life and a world
at peace and the instrumental values that deal with acceptable mode of conduct, such
as being honest, ethical, ambitious, clean, broadminded and others. Based on
research, these values are effective when practiced by children who are disciplined
by their parents since childhood until they reach adulthood and eventually becomes
their virtue.

Module 10
Personality is blended characteristics that are evidently displayed and are important
in expressing and communicating. These are the feelings, thoughts, and behavioral
patterns a person has. Every individual has a different personality.
Understanding one’s personality can help to predict another person’s actions

and feelings toward a situation. A person changes because of life experiences. As it
he gets older, his decisions, choices, and interests differ from before. Sometimes, we
tend to engage and stay with people whom we have common interest and personality
with. A strong personality can persuade and influence others either in a good or bad
way.
In shaping adolescent career, it is important to assess and determine the

strength and weaknesses. Personality, interest, skills, and values should be aligned
to the career choice that they are planning. Career paths are small tasks that lever
to career goal. Career is defined as what you do for a living using your profession or
occupation that undergo education or training to master knowledge and expertise.
Career planning is wise decision-making of steps and process for continuous
development of learning of achieving his/her professional and personal goal. There
are traits also that you need to be empower, so that you will not be shaken when
there are trials and challenges. Improving personal traits is laid and augmented by
accomplishing small personal tasks that are within a time frame. These small
personal tasks contribute to the personal development called personal goal. Here
are some traits that are needed in developing one’s career in achieving life goal.
a. Self-concept is an individual’s perception on different roles, behavior, and

opportunities. According to Donald Super, Career Developmental Self-Concept
Theory mentioned that every individual has different personality traits, values,
interest, needs, and abilities that influence different options in choosing a career
profession that fit to your qualities and interests which will eventually result to work
satisfaction. The process of individual change through his/her life experiences and
discovery of his/her sense of self is called vocational development. Vocational
development is a short job that helps to hone skills related to career choice.
Career Developmental Self-Concept theory has different developmental

tasks that need to be fulfilled. Under the first stage of development, self-concept,
attitudes, and needs from playing to working role is developed. This is the Growth
stage that starts from 0-14 yrs. old. The second stage is Exploration stage that starts
from 15 – 24 yrs. old, where “trying out” vocational preferences based on interests
and abilities to real work experiences like part time, volunteer work or shadowing are
present. The third stage is Establishments from 25-40 yrs. old where setting down to
a right job and building stabilization at work are expected. The fourth stage is
Maintenance stage that starts when an individual finds permanent work. The last
stage is Decline stage, where an individual starts to experience physical and mental
deterioration. Work begins to cease and changes in preferred activity are apparent.

Module 10
These career development stages give a clear vision of the importance of
planning career goals in order to identify the required skills, talent, abilities, and
interests in fulfilling a more mature role in the different series of career development.
Self-concept changes through time, that is why it is very important to identify

your career concept as an adolescent as preparation to a more complex task. This
is relatable when you are choosing a career track in senior high school that will
eventually continue to college courses. A solid formation of self-identity will lead to
appropriate career planning, decision making, searching for related opportunities,
choosing a career based on personal characteristics, and letting go of unimportant
activities.
b. Self-determination is when a person decides to act based on intrinsic

motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from your inner self. Self-determination is
reflected through your choices, decisions, and actions. Life experiences and
observations motivate you to fulfill your dreams and goals in life.
Finishing formal education is not that easy. There are different problems that
you will encounter and sometimes, you might feel down and troubled that you tend
to lose hope. However, a strong and determined heart and a mind which will not be
conquered by any adversity could help you be motivated in order to achieve success
in the future.
c. Self-monitoring is the capability of a person to watch over his/her behavior

and the relationship that he organized within his environment. People who are highly
sensitive monitor have a great tolerance to adjust themselves as how they perceived
in the environment. It is an advantage since it creates and manages a positive
environment that might lead to a high probability for success in their career.
People who are low sensitive monitor react using their feelings and little
examination on the stimulus of their thought. Self-monitoring is an advantage for
you as a senior high school student since the formation of your identity is very
crucial. Adolescents tend to be risk-takers and want independence--the capacity to
have a high sense of social monitor leads one to become responsible and accountable
to his/her behaviors.
d. Proactive Personality is when people have the capacity to take actions

without being told and use thoughtful analysis to solve problems. They are able to
see potential cause of problems and are able to understand and decide to change the
situation. Proactive people find ways to empower themselves and be a productive
person. They are not contended on what they have, and they are more eager to learn
new skills that contribute to improvement of the group and their career. Proactive
adolescents are leaders that could see the opportunities of development in their
career and life goals. Being a senior high school student, there are different
opportunities that will hone your talents and abilities that can be acquired through

Module 10
observations, trainings, and experiences. These will help you shape the future ahead
of you.
e. Self-esteem it is an accumulated life perception of social acceptance or

avoidance. Self-esteem is characterized by the affective strength of your mind. People
who have a high self-esteem are confident with respect to self and others in achieving
success. It is rooted from the childhood foundation of their trust, security, and love
enforced by parents. Low self-esteem is comprised of negative feelings of self-doubt
and questioning of self-worth. People with low self-esteem experience frequent
punishments, harsh parental standards, and low affection during childhood.
According to psychologist Abraham Maslow, in order to have a fulfilling life, you must
attain the 5 basic needs: the physiological needs, safety, love/belonging, self-esteem
and self-actualization.
Achieving the 5 levels of human basic needs will help to improve self-esteem.
Having healthy body, a sense of security from family, friends, workplace and others,
love from family, respect to self and others, give satisfaction to these needs. It is
important for adolescents to have a high self-esteem to have a courage to improve
themselves and be open to accept needs and weaknesses.
Developing new skills and sharing his/her abilities and talent through social
interaction without hesitation in mind is also a way to develop self-esteem.
f. Self-efficacy is the ability to finish a task successfully within the time

frame. These are people who have an organized self-management and discipline.
People with low self-efficacy tend to procrastinate that result to stress because of
uncontrollable accumulation of work. Having self-efficacy can gain trust of others.
The capacity to complete the tasks ahead of time will result to a good performance
which might influence in one to become an asset of a group. This learned behavior
is a trained behavior of self-management in handling task since childhood.
g. Locus control People who have a high sense of responsibility in controlling

lives have High internal locus control. They believe that they can control their own
destiny, while people with low external locus control feel things happen because of
other people, luck, or by powerful beings that may lead to depression. People with
high internal locus control have high participation, motivation in life, and positive
regard to all things especially in their work.
These personality traits may guide you to acquire great understanding of

yourself to create appropriate career plan in achieving life goals.
However, before focusing on your choice of career, you need to identify the
different factors that may affect your career planning and decision-making pro.

Module 10
Factors that Influence Career-planning and Decision-making
a. Parental Autonomy: Parental monitoring is associated to parental

protection where sometimes parents decide on what course their child should take
in college because of the promising career waiting ahead. Preventing their children
to commit mistakes because of their opposing values may influence a career path. If
there is tension between parents and child, the adolescent will inhibit and become
unsure to themselves because they are not happy with the choice of career. The need
for parents’ guidance and support are absent that lead to the adolescent giving up
his study and dreams in life.
Bear in mind that the parents’ role in choosing their child’s career is very
important as they are the ones who know their child’s abilities, interest, aspirations,
strengths, and weaknesses. Although many parents would be willing let their child
choose his/her own career for they believe that their child knows what he/she wants
more than anyone else.
b. Financial Hardship: This the major problem of every Filipino family in

sending their children to school particularly in college. According to study of PSA of
2017, five out of 10 Filipino families are deprived to basic education. Even though
the government made a law for Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act
(R.A. 10931), that aim to help Filipino students to provide free tuition fees and other
school fees, many high school graduates still get derailed from their journey to college
education. Parents cannot afford to support the daily expenses of a college student
because of unstable financial source. That is why students choose to earn money to
help and provide the family for their living. But there are students who have strong
grit (passion and sustained persistence) to continue their education despite of their
financial situation. They consistently fight to find ways that can support their studies
and overcome adversity.
c. Change in Family roles: There are children who are products of broken
family that result to even more problems. Most of them cannot continue their
education because only one parent supports the family. Sometimes, there are
students who cannot continue education, because they need to take over their
parents’ obligation to their family. At times, even if they value education, only one
student can be sent to school.
Since some teenagers do not have parents who will care and guide them, they
tend to get involved in early relationships which result to low academic performance,
disobedience, and even early pregnancy.
d. School Location: the proximity or distance of the school from the home is
also a key factor. Since most universities and colleges are located in cities,
adolescents have to decide to leave their homes and be away from their families just
in order to study.
e. Academic Performance: There are courses that have grade requirements

that serve as a basis of your career preference. Academic performance during high
school which does not meet these requirements or standards tends to influence
career paths.

Module 10
f. Employment Rate: Career choice may also be influenced by the market
demand on man power. One also appraises the benefits a company can give like
salary offer, compensation, and others career development. Expect that there is
always competition for others also pursue what you wish to achieve. Keep in mind
also that when there is limited supply of labor in a specific knowledge or skill, there
will be a higher price command. Being equipped with different skills, talents, and
knowledge is an edge to applicants. That is why there are students who equip
themselves with different skills by enrolling to technical vocational courses or
perhaps get a part-time job while they are in formal education.
f. Herd Mentality: Sometimes, adolescents are easily swayed by their peers.

The fear of being separated from the group of friends may influence choosing a career.
At this moment, it is important to have parental guidance.
g. Self-sabotage is defined as losing self-confidence and self-esteem. Self-

sabotage is a negative self-talk where in one avoids mistakes and negative feedback
which are given to improve performance. Sometimes, it reaches to a point that one
becomes feeling pathetic, ineffective, faulty, and purposeless. Its better get an advice
from your parent/s or other people who can give reliable advice so that you could
have a clearer understanding of your own strengths and weaknesses.
Every individual has a goal in life—an envisioned and created enthusiasm to

continue life development and learning. These are long-term goals which sometimes
are achieved by accomplishing short-term goals. Career planning is connected with
achieving career path and should go together with personal goals. It must be done in
specific, measurable, doable, relevant, and time-bounded approach to easily track
the progress in attaining success.
Every individual has different priorities in life based on their life context,
values, interest, personality, and aptitude. Other factors that may also influence
career decision-making are personal factors, role in life, education, family, austerity
and others. Being an adolescent, it is important to manage yourself improvement
and to learn the process to be resilient to challenges and difficulties. Living with
growth mindset, accepting challenges and difficulties with positivity, improving one’s
skills, and believing in one’s self are the path to a successful career planning.
What’s More
Since you already know the different personal qualities that you need in
developing career path, it is important that you are aware of yourself and that you
understand the world around you. Thus, it is essential to critically analyze the career
interest that you want to go through in order to gather information that will help you
to make your decisions accurate and appropriate to your skills, traits, values, and
interest. Career is designed uniquely individually.

Module 10
Now, let us evaluate your career plan based on your present interest going to
your future career. Let us scrutinize your career development plan by following the
steps.
Career Decision Making
Step 1: Identify the decision

My Plan:
College course: ______________________ Major: ____________
Technical Vocational Course _____________________________
Regular student or Part time student: ___________________________
What school do you want to enroll? _____________________________
What is your plan after you finish your course? _________________
Step 2: Self-Assessment
Interest:
-What are the activities do you like and enjoy most?
-What kind of people do you like to be with?
-What kind of workplace do you prefer?
Skills:
- What are your skills?
- What are the skills suited to your job preference?
-What are your abilities that you need to enhance?
Values:
- What values do you want to manifest in yourself and in work?
- What challenges and rewards motivate you to a job?
Personality:
- What qualities do you possess that will help you in pursuing your career?
- What low personal qualities do you need to improve?
- What type of work environment do you want based on your personality?
Step 3: Career Options

1. What career path or career choice do you consider?
3. What interests you in your choice of career?
4. What information do you have about your career preference?
5. Where can you gather other information about your career choice to
expand your understanding?

Module 10
Let us explore your personal goal using mind mapping. This tool is helpful in
visualizing your thoughts and ideas through organizing information from general to
specific. Personal goal focuses on different areas like family, personal traits, interest,
skills, financial, education, and a lot more.
In creating a mind map, focus on the main idea that you are going to
explore. Add branches and keywords (sub idea) of the main idea. You can add
another branch and color code it. Let the information flow by adding child
branches of information and ideas that relate to the concept. Sample mind map is
drawn inside the box.
Personal Goal Mind Mapping

Module 10
What I Have Learned
Understanding career planning requires many things to be considered. Try to

analyze the given problem on the first column. On the second column, state your
personal strategy, values, or personal trait that you will apply in handling problems
based on the situation. On the third column, state your possible action to cope with
the problem.
Challenges Personal Actions

Traits/Values
Needed
Example: Proactive Find resources to support financial

Financial hardship Personality needs
Self-determination
1. Low self-esteem
2. Herd Mentality
3. Parents autonomy
4. Lack of skills
5. Low academic
performance

Module 10
What I Can Do
Using social media platforms, interview professionals or someone you admire

who can share experiences related to career and work environment that you prefer.
Ask information, tips, values, techniques, or pieces of advice that can help you to
have a clear concept of your career. Don’t forget to take picture or screen shot
conversations while conducting the interview as an evidence of your output.
Here are the questions you can ask:

1. How did you plan your career?
2. What makes you interested in your profession/career?
3. What are your habits that lead you to become successful
in career/profession?
4. What was biggest problem/challenge that you encountered in pursuing
your career?
5. What skills are needed in your work that I need to prepare for?
6. What values or personal qualities do you need in pursuing a career and in
dealing with co-workers and in work?
7. What are your weaknesses that affect your career or work?
8. What advice can share in preparing my own career path?
Assessment
Multiple Choice: To fully understand the lesson, read each

statement/question carefully and choose the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
1. What theory focuses on the human needs?

A. Big five personality Theory
B. Rokeach Values Theory
C. Maslow’ Hierarchy of Needs
D. Holland Theory of Career Choice

Module 10
2. Which of the following statement is FALSE?
A. Career planning is important to assess the skills, interest, and
personality
B. Career paths are small actions or jobs that contribute to the
development of career goal.
C. Personal goal can be achieved through short- and long-term goals
D. Personal traits are not much important to career.
3. These are individual beliefs that serve as a guide of a person throughout his life.
A. Career concepts
B. Personalities
C. Values
D. Self-Concepts
4. This is the combination of different characteristics in one person.

A. Career concept
B. Values
C. Self-Concept
D. Personality
5. It develops and changes through time as a result of experiences and discovery of
sense of self.
A. Career concept
B. Values
C. Self-Concept
D. Personality
6. There are situations that we think it’s impossible to achieve our goals, but if we
have the desire in our heart to achieve it, we would. What kind characteristic
is illustrated?
A. Self-concept
B. Self-determination
C. Self-monitoring
D. Self-achievement
7. Which of the following actions showed a low sensitive monitor?

A. Become more responsible to their action
B. Create positive environment
C. Greater ability to modify their behavior
D. React using their feelings
8. Which of the following statements shows a proactive personality?

A. Actively initiating a project for their class
B. Doing an activity in expense of others
C. Deciding to leave if dissatisfied
D. Being ethical and honest

Module 10
9. Amy was assigned to be a leader in their group, but she thinks that her classmate
is much better than her and feels that her groupmates will not listen to her.
What is the problem with Amy?
A. She has a high self-esteem
B. She has a low self-esteem
C. She is highly sensitive monitor
D. She is low sensitive monitor
10. Janet has an openness and extraversion personality. She always wants to have
things that are new and “in” as social standard. What kind of work do you
recommend for her?
A. Marketing specialist
B. The Caregiver
C. Pharmacist
D. Life coach
11. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Career decision making should be aligned with interests, skills,
personality, and values.
B. It is important to assess the interest, skills, and abilities of others to form
a solid foundation of self-efficacy.
C. Time management is only the key in achieving career goal.
12. Luisa is a product of a broken family; her parents have an amicable separation
when she was in high school, but it did not affect her. She became more
responsible to herself to fulfill her goal and doesn’t blame her parent. What
personality does Luisa show?
A. Self-Esteem
B. Parental Autonomy
C. Self-Efficacy
D. Locus control
13. What is the benefit of a person who is proactive and value high education and
multiple skills?
A. Ability to change jobs when opportunities arise
B. Enhance skills and help to progress along the career path
C. Earning benefit is large
D. All of the above

Module 10
14. During adolescence stage, adolescents start to develop their self-concept,
attitudes, needs, and interests. What stage of the five career development
theories are they categorized?
A. growth
B. exploration
C. establishment
D. maintenance
15. What influences in shaping one’s personality?

A. Biological characteristics coming from parents
B. Environmental influences
C. Adversity in life
D. A&B
Write a letter to yourself highlighting your expectations, as well as the

reminders and pieces of advice on the values and traits that you feel you need to
possess. Keep a copy of the said letter and see how much you will improve your
personality over time.
Dear Self,
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
__________________,
___________________

Module 10
Module 10
CO_Q2_Personality Development SHS 20
What I Know What's I have Assessment
1. B Learned 1. C
2. B 2. D
3. C 3. C
4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C
6. A ANSWERS MAY VARY 6. B
7. C 7. D
8. B 8. A
9. A 9. B
10. A 10. A
11. B 11. A
12. A 12. D
13. C 13. D
14. C 14. A
15. D 15. D
Answer Key
References
Doyle,Alison. Important Personal Skills That Employers Value. The Balance Career.
Accessed in 8/26/2021.https://www.thebalancecareers.com/personal-skills-
list-2063763
University of Minnesota Libraries. 3.3 Individual Difference: Values and Personality,

Organizational Behavior. University of Minnesota Libraries. Accessed in
8/26/2021. https://open.lib.umn.edu/organizationalbehavior/chapter/3-3-
individual-differences-values-and-personality/
Kelland, Mark. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context. OER Commons. Openstax

CNX. Accessed in 08/26/2021.
https://www.oercommons.org/courses/personality-theory-a-multicultural-
perspective/view
Adolescence, Boundless Psychology, Book. Course.lumenlearning.com 8/26/2021.

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/adolescence/
Siegel, Rachel. Chapter 18, Career Planning, Individual Finance Book.

2012books.lardbucket. Accessed in 8/26/2021.
https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/individual-finance/s22-career-
planning.html
Raymond Dawn, Paris Jennifer, Ricardo Antoinette, et.al. Child Growth and
Development. Open Textbook Library. Accessed in 8/26/2021
open.umn.edu/open textbooks/textbooks/child-growth-and-development
Dillon, Dave. Blueprint for Success in College and Career. Open Textbook Library.
Accessed in. 8/26/2021.
https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/blueprint-for-success-in-
college-and-career
Smyth, Danielle. Theories on Career Development. Bizfluent. Accessed in 8/26/2021.

https://bizfluent.com/info-7982973-theories-career-development.html

Module 10
Langara College. Career Decision Making Steps. Langara College. Accessed in
8/26/2021.https://langara.ca/student
services/counselling/pdf/Career%20Decision.pdf
Lumen Learning. Chapter 2: Goals and Motivation. Carrer/Life Planning and Personal
Exploration. Lumenlearning. Accessed in 08/26/2021.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sac-counseling116/chapter/defining-
goals/

Module 10

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Module 10
Career Options Based on Career
Development Concepts and
Personal Life Goals

Module 11
Quarter 2 – Module 11: Career Options Based on Career Development Concepts and
Personal Life Goals
First Edition, 2021
over them.

Writer: Prince Joser E. Cruz

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Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Career Options Based on Career
Development Concepts and
Personal Life Goals

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module was written with you in mind. As you begin to make decisions
that will change your life, you also start to build a sense of responsibility adhered to
your personal choices as an individual. One of the biggest, most important decisions
that you will have to make is choosing the best career option for you. While this may
sound easy and not complicated, this may be more complex than it actually is.
Thence, this module outlines and discusses necessary concepts and principles that
will help you in deciding what career path suits you best; it includes theories,
practical exercises, and activities that will challenge your critical and creative
thinking skills. With you in mind, this module was written.
This lesson is entitled Career Options Based on Career Development Concepts
and Personal Life Goals.
After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify career options based on different factors, career development
concepts, and personal life goals.

Module 11
What I Know
sheet of paper.
1. One of the reasons that students are guided in their career goals in the
secondary level is to ensure that they would contribute to the _____________
force of the country later on.
A. employment
B. unemployment
C. mismatch
D. underemployment
2. It is a career development concept that discusses the relationship between a
person’s age/life stage and career stage.
A. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
C. Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice
D. Roe’s Subsequent Development Theory
3. It includes the wants and hobbies of a person, which can be effectively used
in identifying a career option.
A. aptitudes
B. interests
C. work values
D. personality types
4. When an employee is dissatisfied with his/her career, he/she may sooner be
frustrated and lose his/her motivation.
A. True
B. False
5. Upbringing, external influences, and biases are aspects of this factor in
career development.
A. academic
B. personal
C. familial
D. spiritual
6. In January 2020, there was a sudden lowering of employment rate in the
country according to the Philippine Statistics Authority.
A. True
B. False
7. In E-N-F-P Personality Type Code, P stands for:
A. perceptive
B. perceiving
C. perception
D. perceive
8. In employment, the term being used when employees leave the company or
institution is called:
A. resignment rate
B. unemployment rate
C. turnover rate
D. productivity rate
Module 11
9. Respect for others belongs to which factor in choosing a career?
A. work values
B. personality type
C. aptitudes
D. interests
10. This refers to the educational influences a person might consider in choosing
the desired career path.
A. spiritual
B. academic
C. familial
D. personal
11. DepEd Memorandum No. 149, s. 2011 outlines the career pathways that
students may take in secondary. If a student is athletically inclined and has
a big potential in a sporting event, which career pathway is he/she probably
taking in senior high school?
A. Special Program in Journalism
B. Special Program in Foreign Language
C. Special Program in the Arts
D. Special Program in Sports
12. Identify one wrong statement:
A. In order to choose the correct career, a student must consult
personal considerations.
B. In order to choose the correct career, a student must not consult
C. In order to choose the correct career, a student must visit personal
considerations.
D. In order to choose the correct career, a student must must not avoid
13. Pedro finds himself spontaneous and flexible when it comes to developing his
career. He accomplishes tasks smoothly and he adjusts himself in achieving
an outstanding performance in every task he is given with. According to
personality types factors, what could be the weakness of Pedro in career
development?
A. Pedro may not finish his tasks on time.
B. Pedro may easily quit his work.
C. Pedro may not see possible hindrances in the future.
D. Pedro may lose his interest in his work soon.
14. Joanna has always been wanting to become an animal doctor since she was
a child. Growing up, her interests, hobbies, and experiences were all aligned
to becoming a doctor. However, because her family lacks the means to bring
her to a medicine school in college, she instead decided to take education as
a course. According to Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice, what may
happen to Joanna afterwards?
A. Joanna may perform well in being a teacher.
B. Joanna may poorly perform in her chosen career.
C. Joanna may become an outstanding teacher.
D. Joanna may take being a teacher quite easily.
15. Identify one wrong statement:
A. The academe may hone how the students choose their career paths.
B. Family is a factor to consider in choosing career paths.
C. Personal strengths and weaknesses are consulted in identifying career
paths.
D. All statements are wrong.

Module 11
Lesson Career Options Based on Career
11 Development Concepts and Personal

Life Goals
As an adolescent, you have to realize that you are presented with various
options every day. From the moment you wake up, until the very moment you are to
sleep, you have to decide from choices; you decide what food to eat, what clothes to
wear, and what time to go to sleep. All these options contribute to your entire
personhood, and these are a product of your perception of what you should and what
you should not do. However, while there are little, minute decisions that you have to
decide for in a daily basis, there are but bigger, more important choices that you will
have to make from the options available right at your front. and, choosing the right
career based on specific concepts and goals is one of these bigger decisions that you
have to equip yourself for.
What’s In
Now that you already have a full grasp in planning your career
and making informed decisions, you are now ready to explore career options further.
Whereas planning and assessing your career pathway are stringent processes not
to mention these may dictate your success in achieving your personal and
professional goals, it is, too, salient that you consider career options that may be
best suited to your goals and look into various factors that may assist you in your
career development.
To do so, it is requisite that you become familiar with the available career
options offered by the Department of Education (DepEd), which is an initial stage in
being accustomed with career development. Thus, as a preliminary activity, assess
yourself as to where your leaning is when it comes to various factors that you may
refer to in choosing the right career for you.

Module 11
Fill out the Employment Form provided under:
EMPLOYMENT FORM
Name: Grade level:
School: Age:
Job you are applying for:
Five things I can skillfully do for a company once I got employed:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Four characteristics I want my employer in the future to have:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Three influences I would consider in choosing employment:

1.
2.
3.
Two goals I would be wanting to achieve through employment:

1.
2.
One thing I will never compromise for my career:

1.

To facilitate the answers of the students, give them opportunities
to discuss certain portions of their written responses. Clarify that their
answers are representations of the core of the discussion in the module,
so these may be strengthened or modified along the course of the lesson.

Module 11
What’s New
At the very onset of K-12 Curriculum, the Department of Education has provided
career pathways that secondary students might pursue as a strategy to prepare them
on their planned careers. According to an enclosure in DepEd Memorandum No. 149,
s. 2011, the following are the career pathways:
• Science and Technology or Engineering and Science Education Program
(ESEP)
• Special Program in Journalism
• Technology and Livelihood Education
• Home Economics
o Foods and Food Service
o Beauty Care
o Clothing and Textile
o Home Management Business
o Health Care and Support Services
o Related Crafts
• Industrial Arts
o Automotive Technology
o Civil Technology
o Drafting
o Electrical Technology
o Electronics
o Metal Works
o Handicraft
o Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (RAC)
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
o Photo Editing
o Desktop Publishing
o Webpage Design
o Programming
o Data Management
o Computer Assembly, Maintenance and Trouble Shooting
• Agriculture and Fishery
o Plant Production
o Animal Production
o Fish Production
• Special Program in Sports

o Athletics
o Arnis
o Badminton
o Basketball
o Baseball/Softball
o Chess
o Football
o Gymnastics

Module 11
o Sepaktakraw
o Swimming
o Table Tennis
o Taekwondo
o Tennis
o Volleyball
• Special Program in the Arts
o Visual Arts
o Music (Vocal and Instrumental)
o Media Arts
o Theater Arts
o Creative Writing
o Dance
• Special Program in Foreign Languages
Although a student can always choose the career pathway, he/she desires,
there are certain factors that need to be looked into in ensuring that an individual
has bigger chance in achieving his/her goals over failing to do so.
The Education Department provides a wide array of career options in order
for the students to avoid career mismatch and eventually unemployment. As reported
by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the January 2020 Labor Force Survey
(LFS) reflected that the country’s youth labor participation rate jumped from 35.9%
in January 2019 to 37.4% this year in the same period. There was also a slight
deduction from last year’s 14.2% to this year’s 13.6% unemployment rate among
youth. Meanwhile, underemployment from the youth population also went down
from 2019’s 14.6% to 2020’s 12.5%. Though the LFS shows a fairly performing youth
labor data this year, there must have a consistent push from different sectors in
order to fully minimize the unemployment and underemployment remainders that
transpired in the survey.
What is It
There are different considerations that affect an individual when it comes

to deciding how you act towards achieving your personal goals. Although people are
distinct from their goals and are different from achieving so, there are similar
concepts and factors that you always have to look into when it comes to career
development. In this module, you will be given an introduction to the three career
development concepts and numerous factors that you have to pay attention
to for you to be able to achieve a more informed decision in choosing the
best career for you.
Career Development Concepts

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
The Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura elaborates “self-efficacy,” an
individual’s characteristic where a person performs in a certain level of work
according to his/her confidence to accomplish a task.

Module 11
This “confidence” is an outcome of someone’s past activities, experiences, and
accomplishments where he/she develops a certain level of performance. The concept
of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory acknowledges that an individual perceives
reality and that this perception may be a greater determinant of performance than
the objective reality itself. In relation to Bandura’s theory, it is but important to
realize that both the employers and the employees need to capitalize on the
“confidence” of individuals to have better relationships with one another and to
perform well in their respective careers.
Super’s Career Development Theory
Donald Super’s theory postulates that a person undergoes several stages in
career development. Synthesizing into five, Super outlines five developmental stages
that occur in the career development of an individual.
Growth (around 4 to 13)- children develop their wants, capacities, behavior,
socialization skills, and general view of the world.
Exploration (14 to 24)- people try to “find” themselves in the world through
identifying their hobbies, groups, and experiences. In this stage, they identify
tentative choices until they reach their permanent occupation.
Establishment (25-44)- individuals are set to their appropriate positions but still
strive for advancement.
Maintenance (45-65)- people proceed to continual adjustments, challenging
themselves to explore to better grounds. They try to update their competencies and
innovate ways by which they can approach their field of work.
Disengagement (over 65)- people start to disengage themselves from the workforce;
they concentrate on retirement planning and retirement living.
Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice
Proposed by John L. Holland, this theory emphasizes the relationship between
personality and the world of work. Essentially, the Theory of Vocational Personalities
in Work Environment discusses that an individual looks for an environment that is
attached to his/her personality, personal characteristics, and view of the world. In a
nutshell, the theory explicitly identifies that the more related the personal orientation
of a person is to his chosen career, the higher the degree of satisfaction and
persistence is seen in his/her performance.
Career Development Factors
Recently, the Department of Education has released Memorandum no. 169,
s. 2018 in support to the implementation of Grade 12 Career Guidance Program
wherein it enumerated several factors to consider in career pathways.
An individual may be intrinsically or extrinsically motivated depending upon
the strength of influences numerous factors pound on him/her. Although there are
more specific factors available in different books, the Department of Education
classified these factors into three.
Personal
Students’ personal preferences and idiosyncrasies play as a vital factor in
career development. His/Her self-assessment contributes to his/her career choice
hence personal decision making.

Module 11
As discussed in the preceding modules, personality traits develop one’s way of
thinking and acting, directing an individual to choosing a career option he/she finds
himself/herself best for.
Academic
Experiences in the educational platform also serves as a factor in career
development as students’ competencies are challenged yet honed in schools.
Students create a huge sense of evaluation within themselves by checking and
reviewing their academic performances. By so doing, there is a clear assistance on
their strengths and weaknesses which they may use in choosing and developing a
career they think is suited to them.
Familial
Since humans are social in nature and that people are at times influenced by
their surroundings, leaning to a certain career path may be affected by familial
factors. Having that said so, some students may anchor their decisions with the
environment where they grew up or where they are exposed to. For instance, one
may decide that he/she would rather want to be an engineer because he/she saw
how successful his/her parents who are, too are engineers themselves. One may also
prefer to take a career that is suited to the budget of the family as suggested by
his/her parents. Or, a student may also be forced to choose a career path he/she
does not desire just because his/her family members force him/her to take so.
Other factors:
Students’ personal insights on their work values serve as a factor in choosing
a career path and achieving personal goals. Work values are your principles and
ideas that are related to your career. These cover honesty, service, self-respect,
respect for others, peace, and success.
Besides, personality types are also factors to consider in identifying career
options. One of the ways to identify your personality is by using the E-N-F-P
Personality Type Code. These mean the following:
Extroversion-motivation comes from the outside and you are fond of
interactions.
Intuition- possibilities in the future are given heavy considerations because
you can sense pieces of evidence more than the five senses can provide you.
Feeling- decisions are accounted for by consulting your feelings and values.
Perceiving- planning is not considered because you take spontaneity and
flexibility as your strongest edge.
It is also important to take note of your interests when identifying your career.
Since it is difficult to thrive in a workplace where you are not passionate about, you
have to ensure that your career choice is inclined to your interests in order for the
tasks to be lighter, to be enjoyable at that.
Lastly, aptitudes are also a factor to take a look into in choosing a career.
Accurately identifying your aptitudes may give you wider opportunities to fit yourself
in your career choice. Since no shoes fit all feet, you have to think and rethink
whether your aptitude is what your career choice requires or your career choice is
what your aptitude is suited to.

Module 11
The long list of factors in choosing a career may increase the precision in
recognizing the appropriate one for you. That said, it is also noteworthy that a wrong
career choice may lead to certain complications that may impede someone’s growth,
leading to compromising the welfare of the whole company. Published in
www.edunote.com, the website outlined three major effects of job discontent in its
article entitled 8 Causes of Job Dissatisfaction.
1. Loss of motivation/lack of interest/frustration- an individual may

lose the zest and enthusiasm in working when he/she feels that the career
culture where he/she is into is not where she should be.
2. Poor productivity/absenteeism- as a challenging effect of wrong career

choice, a person may partially or totally waste time and money as he/she may
not want to perform in the career any longer.
3. High turnover rates- when a company has failed to assess its employees and
motivate them in such a way that they would individually contribute for the
growth of the institution, employees resigning one by one may eventually
result to high turnover rates.
Module 11
What’s More
Activity 1.1 Read and React

Skim the news article published in news.abs-cbn.com in 2018 about employers’
perception in hiring K-12 graduates. Prepare to react on the article afterwards.
Some employers see 'risk' in hiring K-12 grads: Jobstreet
MANILA - Some employers are unwilling to hire K-12 graduates, seeing the
lack of a 4-year degree as a "risk," a job recruitment website said.
Only 24 percent of employers were willing to hire K-12 graduates, 35 percent
were unwilling, while 41 percent were undecided, according to a JobStreet.com poll
of 503 company representatives in February.
The study does not prove that college graduates are better workers compared
to K-12 graduates but shows that those who earned degrees have "more chances in
landing a job" in the Philippines, Jobstreet.com Philippines country manager Philip
Gioca told reporters.
Another survey released by the Philippine Business for Education in March
showed only 1 out of 5 companies "are open and ready to accept senior high
school graduates."
"They (Employers) perceive it as a risk," Gioca said.
"Employers do not have proof that K-12 graduates are more productive, more
efficient than college graduates," Gioca said.
Most employers who are unwilling to hire K-12 graduates are in small and
medium enterprises, he said.
"These businesses have very lean staffing so they want to be very sure about
who they get," he said.
"Employers see that applicants who spent 4 more years in school have more
knowledge, more experience," he said.
More employers may be willing to hire senior high school graduates next year
if they see that K-12 graduates can be as productive as college degree
holders, he said.
Processing questions:
1. As a student under the K-12 curriculum, what do you think are your strengths
that can increase your employability?
2. What can you say about the perception of some employers that hiring K-12
graduates would be a risk?
3. What is your most important take away from the article?
Activity 1.2 Discern and Decide
It is said that there are always two sides of the coin. By this activity, your
analytical thinking skill will be challenged because you have to realize the “two sides”
of each career development concept discussed in this module. Write the positive
implications (pros) and struggles (cons) that you as an individual realize from the
enumerated concepts. Your answers may come from your experiences, observations,
and beliefs as a K-12 student. You are given an example for guidance.

Module 11
Pro-Con Table
Factor Pro Con Personal

Solution
An individual is Different people I have to keenly

given a clear guide come in different monitor my
Super’s Career of where he/she is phase of life, so a career
Development supposed to be person may feel development in
Theory according to intimidated or order for me to
his/her age or life frustrated if have a specific
stage. he/she is dictated view whether I
of where he/she is am progressing
supposed to be. or staggering.
Bandura’s Social
Cognitive Theory
Super’s Career
Development
Theory
Holland’s Theory of
Vocational Choice

Module 11
Activity 1.3 Will at Wheel
A big part of achieving your personal goals is visualizing and realizing the
factors that are important for you. Through this activity, you will have a clearer view
of your personal goals when it comes to your chosen or planned career option.
By drawing a pie graph, indicate which of the career development factors and
other factors discussed in this module are of heavier importance for you than the
other factors. You may use electronic applications to create your graph, or you may
technically draw your output as you desire.
Remember: It is not necessary to include all factors if you think some are not
suitable for you. It is also not necessary to stick with the traditional design of a pie
graph as you are given the liberty to be creative in this activity.
Example:
Draw or paste your pie graph on the space provided:

Module 11
What I Have Learned
As mentioned at the beginning of this module, you may have personal

concepts that may be strengthened or modified by going through this lesson. By
using the chart below, write your most essential takeaway from the module.
Summarize the lesson by using the legend below as your guide:
I thought- write one misconception about career options that was clarified to you
through this module
But now- write your new realization about your “I thought…”
Therefore- write your plan in concretizing your “But now…”
Because- write your very reason in choosing the plan you indicated in your
“Therefore…”
I thought… But now…
Therefore…. Because…
What I Can Do
While it is true that one has to be always aware of his/her career plans, he/she
should also be keen in observing social issues about the society he/she lives in. In
this activity, your critical and creative thinking skills will be tested because you will
be asked to take a photo that depicts a social issue about choosing the correct career
option.
Tips: Your photo has to have a human element in it, ethical in all aspects, and
focused on one or more societal problems about Filipinos’ career choices. Explore
styles in photography/photojournalism.

Module 11
The photos may tolerate minor alterations and must carry a caption with it.
The output must be sent through the most convenient means available.
Follow this format in captioning:
___(name of the subject/s)__________(describe what he/she/they is/are
doing)_______________(indicate the place)__________(indicate the date)_________.
____(describe the relevance of the
photo)_________________________________________________________________.
Assessment
paper.
1. One of the reasons that students are guided in their career _________ in the
secondary level is to ensure that they would contribute to the employment
force of the country later on.
A. mismatch C. goals
B. unemployment D. underemployment
2. It is a career development concept that discusses the relationship between a
person’s view of his competence towards the tasks given to him/her.
A. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
C. Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice
D. Roe’s Subsequent Development Theory
3. It includes the skills of a person, which can be effectively used in identifying
a career option.
A. aptitudes C. work values
B. interests D. personality types
4. When an employee is satisfied with his/her career, he/she is sooner frustrated
in his/her career and finally lose his/her motivation.
A. true
B. false
5. Which is not included in the familial factor in career development?
A. upbringing C. educational background
B. biases D. external influences
6. In January 2020, there was a sudden elevation of employment rate in the
country according to the Philippine Statistics Authority.
A. true
B. false
7. In E-N-F-P Personality Type Code, N stands for:
A. notoriety C. nuance
B. introspection D. intuition

Module 11
8. Turnover rate means:
A. the rate of employees staying in the company
B. the rate of employees growing in the company
C. the rate of employees enjoying in the company
D. the rate of employees leaving the company
9. The following are sub-factors in work values except:
A. self-respect C. service
B. honesty D. interests
10. This refers to the internal influences a person might consider in choosing the
desired career path.
A. spiritual C. familial
B. academic D. personal
11. DepED Memorandum No. 149, s. 2011 outlines the career pathways that
students may take in secondary. If a student is inclined in visual arts, music,
media arts, theater arts, creative writing, and dance, which career pathway is
he/she probably taking in senior high school?
A. Special Program in Journalism
B. Special Program in Foreign Language
C. Special Program in the Arts
D. Special Program in Sports
12. Identify one correct statement:
A. In order to choose the correct career, a student must consult personal
considerations.
B. In order to choose the correct career, a student must not consult
C. In order to choose the correct career, a student must avoid personal
considerations.
D. In order to choose the correct career, a student must must ignore
13. Claring does not always see future events that may hinder her performance in
her career. Most of the time, she fails to plan ahead on how to deal with
unfortunate circumstances that may come over. According to personality types
factors, what could be the strength of Claring in career development?
A. Claring may be spontaneous and flexible.
B. Claring may not quit his work.
C. Claring may be good in outlining.
D. Claring may be enthusiastic and energetic.
14. Ruben has always been wanting to become a teacher since he was a child.
Growing up, his interests, hobbies, and experiences were all aligned to
becoming a teacher. When Ruben went to college, he took Bachelor of
Secondary Education and eventually graduated. What may not happen to
Ruben once he already taught in school?
A. Ruben may perform well in being a teacher.
B. Ruben may poorly perform in her chosen career.
C. Ruben may become an outstanding teacher.
D. Ruben may take being a teacher quite easily.
15. Identify one correct statement:
A. The academe may not hone how the students choose their career paths.
B. Family is not a factor to consider in choosing career paths.
C. Personal strengths and weaknesses are not consulted in identifying
career paths.
D. All statements are wrong.
Module 11
Conduct a short survey consisting of 20 respondents. Ask to your

respondents: “If you were an employer, what are the five most outstanding
characteristics that you will look for in an employee?” The survey may be
conducted through social media messaging applications or by personally asking your
respondents. For visual presentation, rank the ten most popular responses that you
will harvest from your respondents. Afterwards, write a one-paragraph reflection in
relation to the top answers of your respondents.
----SURVEY SHEET----
10 TOP CHARACTERISTICS EMPLOYER LOOK FOR IN AN
EMPLOYEE
10. 5.
9. 4.
8. 3.
7. 2.
6. 1.
REFLECTION:
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_________________

Module 11
Module 11
WHAT’S MORE
(answers may vary)
1. As a student under the K-12 curriculum, what do you think are your
strengths that can increase your employability?
Possible answer: I think my strengths are my passion and dedication to
everything I do. The K-12 Curriculum taught me to always give my best
in everything I do, so I think I am prepared to whatever my future
career is offering me sooner.
2. What can you say about the perception of some employers that hiring
K-12 graduates would be a risk?
Possible answer: In my opinion, it is yet early to say whether employing
K-12 graduates is a risk. We have to wait for two or more years before
we really can say how the graduates of the new curriculum would
perform in different field of worls.
3. What is your most important take away from the article?
Possible answer: I understood that we, the K-12 students, have to work
and perform harder for us to prove that we deserve to be hired.
ASSESSMENT WHAT I KNOW
1. C 1. A
2. A 2. B
3. A 3. B
4. B 4. A
5. C 5. C
6. B
6. A
7. B
7. D
8. C
8. D 9. A
9. D 10. B
10. D 11. D
11. C 12. B
12. A 13. C
13. A 14. B
14. B 15. D
15. D
)
Answer Key
References
8 Causes of Job Dissatisfaction. iEduNote. https://Www.iedunote.com/Job-
Dissatisfaction-Causes.” Essay, n.d.
ABS-CBN News. Some employers see “risk” in hiring K-12 grads: Jobstreet. ABS-
CBN. https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/07/12/18/some-employers-see-
risk-in-hiring-k-12-grads-
jobstreet?fbclid=IwAR0mnQbUzzYpt2VdSdxu_GYwQOutRdKBuEy1vf6BrEIv
Cr1vBlLVC_UhLkY
Career Development. Career Research. IResearchNet.

http://Career.iresearchnet.com/Career-Development/3/.” Essay, n.d.
Doyle, Alison. Interview Question: What are Your Hobbies? The Balance Careers.
Accessed June 5, 2020. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/job-interview-
question-what-are-your-hobbies-2060979.
Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice. Career Research. IResearchNet.
Http://Career.iresearchnet.com/Career-Development/Hollands-Theory-of-Vocational-
Choice/#:~:Text=The%20theory%20of%20vocational%20choice,Applied%20theories%
20of%20career%20development.&Text=The%20theory%20incorporates%20several%2
0constructs,Perception%20theory%20and%20social%20stereotyping.” Essay, n.d.
Llego, Mark Anthony. Career Pathways For High School Students. Teacherph.
https://Www.teacherph.com/Career-Pathways-High-School-Students/.” Essay, n.d.
Llego, Mark Anthony. Grade 12 Career Guidance Modules. Teacherph

https://www.teacherph.com/Grade-12-Career-Guidance-
Modules/?fbclid=IwAR38kKWdDcCKILSSfq6bgTh3lJ26NWIElrvK3Bhu4HVzM2ysvEw0
N_yveow
Mapa, Claire Dennis. Employment Rate in January 2020 is Estimated at 94.7 Percent.
Philippine Statistics Authority. https://Psa.gov.ph/Content/Employment-Rate-
January-2020-Estimated-947-Percent
MCKay, Dawn Rosenberg. Clarifying Your Work Values Leads to Job Satisfaction. The
Balance Careers. Accessed June 5, 2020.
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/identifying-your-work-values-
526174#:~:text=Updated%20November%2021%2C%202018,others%2C%20peace%2C
%20and%20success.
McKay, Dawn Rosenberg. The ENFP Personality Type What Can This MBTI Type Tell You
About Your Career?. The Balance Careers. Accessed June 5, 2020.
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/enfp-myers-briggs-personality-type-525379.
McKay, Dawn Rosenberg. Knowing Your Aptitude Can Help You Choose a Career. The
Balance Careers. Accessed June 5, 2020.
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-aptitude-526175.
Reading Rockets. Classroom Strategies. Reading Rockets.

https://www.readingrockets.org/Strategies?__cf_chl_captcha_tk__=pmd__1KPnL3I88
wIEVxHg2Jb1Rtbp6CU0ai9WYMB8SX9ymk-1630649162-0-gqNtZGzNArujcnBszQm9
Super’s Career Development Theory. Career Research. IResearchNet.

http://Career.iresearchnet.com/Career-Development/Supers-Career-Development-
Theory/.” Essay, n.d.

Module 11

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Identifying Career Option
Leading to Attaining One’s
Personal Goal

Module 12
Quarter 2 – Module 12: Identifying Career Option Leading to Attaining One’s Personal Goal
First Edition, 2021
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Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Identifying Career Option
Leading to Attaining One’s
Personal Goal

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This course will take you through to the study process of knowing how to
prepare a career plan and identifying your career options in attaining your personal
life’s goal. It also uses a personal approach to the process of matching individual
interests, values, personality type, and skills to career options. You, as a student,
are empowered with career decision-making skills you use throughout your life when
deciding on a first career, changing careers, or in general career/life planning.
1. prepare a career plan based on the identified career options to attain personal
life’s goals
What I Know
paper.
1. ______ means the part of life that is concerned with employment.
A. Goal
B. Skills
C. Path
D. Career
2. It refers to an individual’s ability to gather information about his or her interest,
skills and abilities, values and personality type.
A. Self-assessment
B. Goal setting
C. Career plan
D. Setting deadlines
3. Which should be included as part of the career information on a career profile?
A. Ethics
B. Education
C. Values
D. Standards
4. Career plans can best be determined through a/an_________?
A. interest inventory
B. achievement test
C. personality test
D. goal – setting process

Module 12
5. “I want to be a lawyer” is a goal in which domain?
A. Education
B. lifestyle
C. Career
D. personal
6. Paulo wants to become a pilot. What should he include as part of his career plan?
A. obtains a bachelor’s degree
B. obtains a pilot’s license
C. goes to an apprentice school
D. works at a gas station
7. What is the last stage in the career planning process?
A. prepares for a job interview
B. Career Plan Implementation
C. completes a job application
D. develops a job search strategy
8. The SMART process stands for ______________.
A. Short, Meaningful, Allowed, Revisited, Too long
B. Specific, Measurable, Able, Revisited, Time
C. Smart, Mean, Allowed, Reinvented, Time
D. Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timebound
9. __________ is a desired result that you envisioned, planned, and committed to
achieve.
A. Life C. Goal
B. Career D. Path
10. A well -defined statement explaining the profession that an individual intends to
pursue throughout his career is called ______________.
A. Career Path C. Nature Career
B. Career Goals D. Career Mentoring
11. What is the process of making educational and career choices based on self -
evaluation done by a person to have a strong career path?
A. Career Planning C. Career Path
B. Career Mentoring D. Career Goals
12. What is the process of making logical choices from the available options by
identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative solutions?
A. Knowing yourself C. Making Decisions
B. Moving On D. Exploring Options
13. What type of goal refers to something that you want to do soon or something you
want to accomplish today, this week, this month, or even this year?
A. Long - term goal C. Short -term goal
B. Half - term goal D. Year -term goal
14. Which type of goal refers to something you want to do further in the future that
requires time and planning?
A. Year -term goal
B. Half -term goal
C. Short -term goal
D. Long -term goal
15. What are the considered steps in making a career planning?
A. Goals, skills, Career searching, job hunting, Training, Set deadlines
B. Assess, Explores, Set Goals, expand skills, find job, Manage Career
C. writes down, finish career, Thinking, set deadlines, reward yourself, training
D. Skills, Career, Education, Training, Set Goals, Job

Module 12
Lesson Identifying Career Options
12 Leading to Attaining One’s
Personal Goal
While for many people, career means the part of life that is concerned with
employment, a work-related viewpoint of this word means a yet wider perspective; in
the landscape of employment, career is the sum of various jobs you may hold during
your lifetime. Generally, career can be defined as the sum of decisions that direct
your educational, social, economic, political, and spiritual endeavors and reflect your
unique personality characteristics and basic life values. In this module, it will help
you to ponder on and make a career plan to achieve your goal in a more
life-encompassing way that will lead you to the right decisions for a lifelong process.
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have identified different factors influencing your
career choice which helped you decide on what you really want in the future. Since
your career basically dictates a lot of factors in your life, it can determine the kind of
lifestyle that you will be living. A lot of things can influence one’s career choice.
Activity 1
Describe the factors that influence your career choices. Write some of the
things you have recalled from the previous chapter of this module.
Factors Reasons why it affects your choices:
1. Peers some of them are not good influence

2. ___________________ ________________________________________
3. _______________ ______________________________
4. _______________ ______________________________
5. _______________ ______________________________
Because of the factors that influence your career choices, you need a plan to
achieve your ultimate career goal. In this module, you will learn how to create a plan
by setting first your GOAL. To begin with, let us have this activity.

Module 12
Activity 2
Start with a dream . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goals often begin with a dream or a vision. Think of the things you would like
to do, to be or to have. Write something that is on your mind to fill in these boxes
below.
Things I would like to do:
Things I would like to be:
Things I would like to have:

Module 12
What’s New
In the presented activity, you have identified the things that you wanted to do,
to be, and to have. Based on your answers, what do you think will you be in the
future? Perhaps, at this point, you are still confused of your ultimate goal in your
career journey. Because of that, it is but important for you to hone skills further, so
you will soon arrive to better decisions. Let us start by identifying your goals in life.
Activity 3
Simple Goal Setting Worksheet
The basics of setting and completing your goals
Goal Start Date ___________
My Goal is :
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Goal Completion Date: _______________
Two things that will help me reach my goal:

Steps in Reaching my Goal: 1. _______________________________________
_________________________________________
1.________________________________ _________________________________________
__________________________________ _________________________________________
__________________________________
2. _____________________________________
2._________________________________ ________________________________________
___________________________________ ________________________________________
___________________________________ ________________________________________
3. ________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
4. ________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Module 12
Have you realized something important after accomplishing the activity? Can
you already specify the goals that you want to achieve? How will you achieve these
goals?
To help you understand more about the discussion, here are a few readings:
“A goal is a desired result that you envision and then plan and commit to
achieve. Goals can relate to family, education, career, wellness, spirituality, and
many other areas of your life. Generally, goals are associated with secure time
expectations, even deadlines.
As a senior high school student, many of your goals are defined for you. For
example, you must take specific courses; you must comply with certain terms and
schedules; and you must turn in assignments at specified times. These goals are
mostly set for you by someone else.
But there are plenty of goals for you to define yourself. For example, you
decide what you would like to major in. You decide how long you are going to be in
college and even the classes you want to enroll in. You largely plan how you would
like your studies to relate to employment and your career.”
What is It
Career goals are a well-defined statement explaining the profession that an

individual intends to pursue throughout his career. It is important for every employee
or a job seeker to define their career goals clearly. It helps them to come with practical
action plans.
Setting unrealistic goals can lead to disappointments. But that does not mean that
one should avoid formulating career goals altogether. Creating resolutions is the
easiest way to keep oneself motivated to achieve dreams.
Do you have them? Do you need them? What happens if you are asked of what
your career goals are? How do you answer? Is this question even relevant?
In a nutshell, career goals are the milestones you hope to pursue as you advance
in your chosen profession after you graduated from senior years and college degree.

Module 12
Goals can also be preoccupied. Consider the following scenarios in which a
student makes a discovery that challenges her to reexamine her goals, priorities, and
timetables:
Scenario 1:
Janine thought she would be an accountant, even though she knew
little about what an accounting job might entail. Her math and
organizational skills were strong, and she enjoyed taking economics
courses as well as other courses in her accounting program. But when one
of her courses required her to spend time in an accounting office working
with taxes, she decided that accounting was not the right fit for her, due to
the higher-stress environment and the late hours of working.
At first, she was concerned that she invested time and money in a
career path that was not a good fit. She feared that changing her major
would add up to her graduation time. Nevertheless, she did decide to
change her major and her career focus.
Janine is now a statistician at a regional healthcare system. She is
very happy with her work. Changing her major from accounting to statistics
was the right decision for her.
This scenario represents some of many opportunities you have, on an ongoing

basis, to assess your relationship to your goals, reevaluate priorities, and adjust.
Opportunities exist every day—every moment, really!
Scenario 2:
To illustrate the concept, consider a 17-year-old person who wants
to become the CEO of a large engineering company in the future. He must
go through several stages, the first was on passing his 12th-grade exams.
After passing, the teenager will then enroll in a four-year degree course
or an engineering course before moving to work in, for example, a
multinational company for at least two years. Next, he may enroll in a
management course from a reputable school. Advancing his studies is a
good idea to boost his chances of getting the CEO position.
Setting career goals is an incredibly easy yet critical process. All one needs to
do is to set targets.
As shown in the illustration above, there are short-term and long-term types
of goals. The teenager’s primary objective is to become the manager of a company. In
order to get there, he needs to achieve his short-term goals, which include passing
his high school and college exams, gaining experience by working for a related
company, and boosting his experience and skills through further studies. Short-term
goals are those that can be achieved within six months to three years. It may take
three to five years or more to achieve long-term goals.

Module 12
Career Planning
Career planning refers to the process of making educational and career
choices based on knowledge of oneself and of the environment. The purpose of career
planning is to encourage individuals to explore and gather information about various
educational and career opportunities thus enabling them to develop realistic career
goals. Career planning is an ongoing activity that should be implemented as early as
the middle school years and extend into adulthood. The career planning process can
be divided into four stages. These stages include (1) self-assessment, (2) knowledge
of academic-career options, (3) in-depth evaluation and goal-setting, and (4) career
plan implementation.
Self-assessment refers to an individual’s ability to gather information about
his or her interests, skills and abilities, values, and personality type. Examples of
questions to consider at this stage include the following: What types of work and
school-related courses and activities do I enjoy? What can I do well? What types of
skills have I gained through various curricular and cocurricular experiences? What
values do I consider important in my preferred career?
Knowledge of academic-career options refers to an individual’s ability to gather
information about the world of work. Knowledge of specific jobs, occupations, and
organizations; work conditions; required education; job outlook; and chances for
advancement are important factors in choosing the right career.
Finally, the last stage of the career planning process is career plan
implementation, which involves making an initial choice and taking steps toward
reaching career goals. The primary focus of this stage is on job and educational
preparation. Individuals at this stage should make deliberate efforts to (1) apply to
various education and training programs, (2) gather information on specific
companies, (3) develop a job search strategy, (4) develop resumes and cover letters,
and (5) prepare for job interviews.
Make a Career Plan

A career plan includes the short-term and long-term goals for your career.
Career planning is the self-evaluation and planning done by a person to have a strong
career path. Who manages your career? Who makes the decisions? YOU! Learn all
about career plans, why they are important, and how to see them through until they
are completed.
Look at this figure about career planning. How will you start to plan for it?
What do you need to set? Let us talk about it . . .
Figure 1

Module 12
1. Knowing yourself
Assess yourself to know who you are and what you want. It also means
understanding your strengths and weaknesses, your passions and fears, your
desires and dreams, your likes and dislikes, and your tolerances and limitations.
Knowing yourself means knowing your purpose in life.
2. Exploring your options
Discover careers to find what you really want. Assess your skills and
interests. Focus on what you want to do and how to get there. Learn the skills
needed to pursue the career of your dreams.
3. Making Decisions
It is the process of making logical choices from the available options by
identifying a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative
resolutions.
4. Moving On
It is more about learning to live and managing your career to help yourself
succeed. It is important to move forward because there are things in our past that
should not hold us back from improving ourselves. And, in career development,
improvement and change are always occurring.
Upon describing this figure, you have learned that it is important to make a
career plan first and set goal whether it is a short-term or a long-term goal.
In-depth evaluation and goal setting refer to an understanding of how to make
decisions based on the information one has gathered in the first two stages of
career planning; an awareness of the factors that may impact one’s ability to
implement one’s decisions; and the setting of short, medium, and long-term goals.
During this stage, individuals may want to consider questions such as, “Do my
interest, skills, and values match those of the occupation I’ve selected?”, “What
schools offer the training that will be needed to pursue my career of interest?”, and
“How long will it take me to complete the education required of my career of
interest? Are there other occupations that I should consider as alternatives?”
How to stick to your plan and achieve it
Setting goals is one thing but finding out how to make your plans a reality is
another. At this point, you already know that it is important to have goals and plan
for your career and life; you have learned ways to set goals. But do you know how
to carry out those goals and stick to your plan over time?
Everyone is different, and everyone will have a different career plan. What will
your career plan look like? Think about where you are and the things you know right
now. Are you ready to apply for a job in your career path? Do you need more
education and training first? Make a career plan to help you get the skills you need
to apply for better jobs.

Module 12
There are six steps to make a career plan:
1.Assess yourself to know who you are and what you want.
2.Explore careers to find a career you want.
3.Set goals to reach the career.
4.Expand your skills to prepare for your career.
5.Find a job that matches your goals.
6.Manage your career to help yourself succeed.
In each of those steps, you will have short-term goals and long-term goals. It
is up to you to decide which activities to put in your career plan, so it is also of great
importance for you to strategically plan your actions.
From the given activity, you already have identified your short-term goals and
long-term goals. This time let us define and discuss things about short-term goals
and long-term goals for you to fulfill and make your career plan better.
1. A short-term goal is something you want to do soon. The near future can mean
today, this week, this month, or even this year. It is something you want to
accomplish soon.
2. A long-term goal is something you want to do further in the future. It requires
much longer time and planning.
People who set and finish career goals tend to get more things done and often
earn more money than people who do not set goals. After describing these two
terms, you need to ponder on making a career plan. You need to follow these tips to
increase your chances of successfully following your plans.
1.Write it down. Write down your career plan so that you will remember it and you
can track your progress. You are more likely to commit to your plan that is
specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely (SMART). Put a copy of
your plan some place where you can see it often such as on your bedroom mirror or
the refrigerator door. Let me describe to you first the SMART goal setting model.
Here’s what SMART stands for:
SPECIFIC – Each goal must be specific and as clearly defined as possible. You can
have multiple goals, but each one must be clear.
e.g. I will become an electrical engineer.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher.
MEASURABLE – Each goal must also have clearly defined metrics for how it can be
measured – either for progress or the end goal.
I will become an electrical engineer in the Philippines.

One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the school while
working as a student.
ACHIEVABLE – It can be easy to get carried away when setting goals, but a goal that
is ultimately not achievable will deplete your motivation. Keep goals small and
achievable.
I will study in a local university and will become an electrical engineer.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the school where I
graduated from.

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RELEVANT – this is where putting some time in to plan your goals can pay off.
I will become an electrical engineer to help my parents soon.
One of my goals is to become an English teacher in the school where I
graduated, so I can pay forward my former teachers.
TIME-BOUND – make sure you set yourself realistic deadlines for each goal and its
required steps to keep you focused and motivated.
I will study in a local university and will become an electrical engineer
in five years’ time.
After four years, one of my goals is to become an English teacher in the
school where I graduated.
The SMART model has been widely accepted as the go-to model because it
can be applied to simple and complex goals, work goals, personal goals, individual,
and group goals. It I s a highly adaptable model with a very clear structure that can
be used with other planning and business tools to achieve large goals.
2. Set deadlines. Make one of two goals that you can achieve within a few days or
a week. Then make other short-term goals that only take a few months to complete.
Over time you will see how many tasks you have completed and how much closer
you are to accomplishing your long-term goals.
3. Reward yourself. Working toward your goals is hard work. Think of small rewards
to give yourself when you accomplish something big or small. These bonuses will
help you stay motivated.
4. Have an accountability partner. It is important to try to complete your goals
with a company. Find one or two people who will help you stick to your plan. This
can be a friend, a job coach, or your supervising agent (or corrections agent). Your
partner will remind you of deadlines and give you encouragement when you face
setback.
What’s More
Activity 1
Let’s try this!!!
Always focus on your goals. Setting your goal is an essential component of
success, whether you are aspiring to reach objectives in sports, school career, or
your personal life. Aspire too high, and you may become frustrated and give up;
aspire too low, and you will never push yourself to reach your full potential.
Take this test to find out whether your goal setting attitude and behavior are
conducive to success. Examine the following statements and indicate how often or
to what degree you agree with them. In order to receive the most accurate results,
please answer each question as honestly as possible.

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Completely Mostly Somewhat Mostly Completely
True true true or false false false
1. My aspirations seem so difficult to

reach that I tend to give up on them
2. I don’t make my plans: I prefer to go
with the flow
3. Even if I do make a detailed plan on
how to achieve my goals, I don’t
believe I have much control as to
whether it will work out or not
4. When working towards a goal, I
regularly evaluate my progress
5. I can’t seem to achieve what I set out
to accomplish
6. Before I set out to accomplish a
goal, I think about what could get in
my way and how I can overcome
these obstacles.
7. I believe I have what it takes to
accomplish whatever I pursue
8. I believe that my destiny lies in my
hands.
9. I know how to motivate myself to

keep trying when I’m having
difficulty reaching a goal
10. No matter how hard I strive to reach
my goal, still I can achieve it.
11. If I successfully achieve a goal, I
assume it’s only because it was an
easy one
12. When my search of goal isn’t
developing, I give up on it.
13. When necessary, I change and
adjust my goals as I progress (e.g. if
a deadline to achieve a certain goal
isn’t feasible, I alter it).
14. Most of the factors that will
determine my success is beyond my
control.

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15. I make a detailed list of all the goals
I want to achieve and by when
16. I set goals that are challenging.
17. I find myself changing my mind
about what goals I want to
accomplish.
Process Questions:
1. Which answers have you frequently chosen? Do you have many completely true,
mostly true, or somewhat true or false, mostly false, and completely false answers?
2. Do you think you would achieve your dreams in the future?
3. What do you think are the essential components to your success?
Activity 2
Based on the given figure below, make your own career plan by following the given
example:
What I Have Learned
A. Read the following statements carefully. Identify short- term goal from
long- term goal. Write your answer on the space provided before the number.
___________________1. Talk to the teacher after class

___________________2. I plan to graduate with the degree of Bachelor of Nursing
___________________3. Prepare for job interview
___________________4. I will need financial aid for my studies
___________________5. Learn how to speak English fluently
___________________6. Become CEO of large engineering company
___________________7. Buy healthy groceries

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B. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
8. Each goal must be ______________ and as clearly defined as possible. You

can have multiple goals, but each one must be clear.
9. ____________________ yourself to know who you are and what you want.
10. ___________________ your career plan so that you will remember it and you
can track your progress
11. ___________________ is where putting some time in to plan your goals can
pay off.
12. ___________________ to reach the career
13. ___________________ careers to find what you really want.
14. Everyone is different, and everyone will have a different _________________.
15. Expand your skills to _______________ for your career.
What I Can Do
Activity 1
Instruction: Identify specific, measurable, achievable, and relevant activities to
achieve your identified goals by a certain timeframe. Review the worksheet below and
fill in the blank sections to the best of your ability. Write at least three long-term and
three short-term goals.
GOAL PRIORITIES MY PRECISE GOALS WHAT I AM DOING NOW TO

ACHIEVE THESE GOALS
Ex: Long-term goal I plan to graduate with the I am attending the college of my choice
Degree of Bachelor of Science and getting good grades in my major
In Nursing
Short- Term goal I will need to get financial aid I have filled out the forms for financial
for at least a portion of my studies aid
Long Term Goals

1. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________ _________________________________
_____________________ ___________________________
2. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________ _________________________________
_____________________ ___________________________
3. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________
_________________________________
_____________________
___________________________
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Short Term Goals
4. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________ _________________________________
_____________________ ___________________________
5. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________ _________________________________
_____________________ ___________________________
6. ___________________________ _________________________________
___________________________
_________________________________
_____________________
___________________________
Assessment
paper.
1. The SMART process stands for ______________.
A. Short, Meaningful, Allowed, Revisited, Timebound
B. Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timebound
C. Smart, Mean, Allowed, Reinvented, Time
D. Specific, Measurable, Able, Revisited, Time
2. __________ is a desired result that you envisioned, planned, and committed
to achieve.
A. Life
B. Goal
C. Career
D. Path
3. A well -defined statement explaining the profession that an individual intends to
pursue throughout his career is called ______________.
A. Career Goals
B. Career Path
C. Nature Career
D. Career Mentoring
4. It is the process of making educational and career choices based on self -evaluation
done by a person to have a strong career path.
A. Career Goals
B. Career Mentoring
C. Career Path
D. Career Planning
5. It is the process of making logical choices from the available options by identifying
a decision, gathering information, and assessing alternative solutions.
A. Knowing yourself
B. Making Decisions
C. Moving On
D. Exploring Options

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6. It is a goal that you want to do soon. It is something you want to accomplish today,
this week, this month, or even this year.
A. Long - term goal
B. Short - term goal
C. Year-term goal
D. Half -term goal
7. It is a goal is that you want to do further in the future. It requires time and
planning.
A. Short -term goal
B. Half -term goal
C. Long -term goal
D. Year -term goal
8. Which of the following are considered steps in making a career planning.
A. Assess, Explores, Set Goals, expand skills, find job, Manage Career
B. Skills, Career, Education, Training, Goal, Job
C. Writes down, finish career, Thinking, set deadlines, reward yourself,
training
D. Goals, skills, Career searching, job hunting, Training, Set deadlines
9. ______ means the part of life that is concerned with employment.
A. Goal C. Path
B. Career D. Skills
10. It is an individual’s ability to gather information about his or her interests, skills
and abilities, values, and personality type.
A. Career plan C. Self-assessment
B. Goal setting D. Setting deadlines
11. This factor should be included as part of the career information on a career
profile.
A. Education C. Values
B. Ethics D. Standards
12. Career plans can best be determined through a/an_________.
A. interest inventory C. goal -setting process
B. achievement test D. personality test
13. “I want to be a lawyer” is a goal in which domain?
A. career C. educational
B. lifestyle D. personal
14. Jane wants to become a pilot. What should she include as a part of her career
plan?
A. go to an apprentice school
B. obtain a pilot’s license
C. obtain a bachelor’s degree
D. work at a gas station
15. What is the last stage in the career planning process?
A. prepares for a job interview
B. completes a job application
C. Career Plan Implementation
D. Develops a job search strategy

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We have many opportunities to assess our relationship to our goals,

reevaluate priorities, and adjust. Opportunities exist every day—every moment.
Below is a set of questions we can ask ourselves at any turn to help focus on
personal goals. Answer these questions to prove what you really want in life.
1. What are my top-priority goals?

2. Which of my skills and interests make my goals realistic for me?
3. What makes my goals believable and possible?
4. Are my goals measurable? How long will it take me to reach them? How
will I know if I have achieved them?
5. Are my goals flexible? What will I do if I experience a setback?
6. Are my goals controllable? Can I achieve them on my own?
7. Are my goals in sync with my values?
Reflection
How do you see yourself in the future? Present your ideas through a drawing,
an essay, picture, collage, or through any creative form.

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Module 12
What I Know What I have learned Assessment
1. D 1. Short -term goal 1. B
2. A 2. Long -term goal 2. B
3. B 3. Long – term goal 3. A
4. D 4. Short-term goal 4. D
5. C 5. Long -term goal 5. B
6. A 6. Short-term goal 6. B
7. B 7. Short – term goal 7. C
8. D 8. Specific 8. A
9. C 9. Assess 9. B
10.B 10. Write -down 10.C
11. A 11. Relevant 11.A
12. Set goals 12.C
12.C
13. Discover 13.A
13. C
14. Career plan 14.C
14.D 15. prepare 15.C
15.B
Answer Key
References
Bardick, A. D., Bernes, K. B., Magnusson, K. C., & Witko, K. D. (2006). Junior high
school students’ career plans for the future. Journal of Career Development, 32(3),
250-271.Career Planning. career.iresearchnet.com/career-counselling
Bowlsbey, J., Dikel, M. R., & Sampson, J. P. (2002). The Internet: A tool for career
planning (2nd ed.). Tulsa, OK: National Career Development Association.
Career.iresearchnet.com/career-counselling
Career Goal. CFI Education Inc.
Corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/jobs/career-goal.
Career Life Planning Chapter 2 Goals and Motivation
Oercommons.org/courses/career-life-planning-and-personal-exploration
Defining your Career plan. Open Classrooms.
https://openclassrooms.com/en/courses/3848156-defining-your-career-plan
Minnesota State Colleges and Universities is an Equal Opportunity employer and
educator. Minnesota State Colleges and Universities
Careewise.minnstate.edu/exoffenders/create-plan develop-your-plan.html
What is a career?. University of Dubuque.
https://www.dbq.edu/CampusLife/OfficeofStudentLife/VocationalServices/Whatis
aCareer/

Module 12

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Factors in Personal Development:
Guide in Making Important Career
Decisions

Module 29
Quarter 2 – Module 13: Factors in Personal Development: Guide in Making Important
Career Decisions
First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Writer: Lerma V. Regalario

Editor: Genalin Ceballo
Reviewers: Sherelyn Mijares, Jonathan C. Cañales, Shenn Ann G. Arriola,
Illustrators: Gilbert Esguerra, Robinson M. Alegre
Layout Artist: Diana F. delos Santos, Crizalyn D. Billones
Job S. Zape Jr.
Ramonito Elumbaring
Reicon C. Condes
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Factors in Personal Development:
Guide in Making Important
Career Decisions

Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is designed to help you realize your personal development as an

essential component of setting career and life goals. This will lead you into analyzing
and synthesizing your personal development as a vital part of establishing a career
and finalizing your life goals. This may also give you knowledge about your own
personality development to be able to align your choices on your life goals and
ambitions. The different factors in personal development play an important part and
big role in decision-making processes of choosing your career.
1. explain the factors in personal development that may guide you in making
important career decisions as adolescents.
What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. These are individual beliefs that motivate people to act. It serves as a
guide for human behavior.
a. Goal
b. Values
c. Mission
d. Preference
2. It is something that concerns, involves, draws the attention of, or

arouses the curiosity of a person.
a. Preference
b. Values
c. Career
d. Interests
3. It refers to a profession or occupation that requires special training.

a. Career
b. Goal
c. Mission
d. Preference

1
Module 13
4. The following are the most important considerations in career planning
EXCEPT
a. Interests
b. Skills
c. Family’s financial capacity
d. Peer’s Preference
5. It is the ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and

sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job
functions involving ideas, things, and people.
a. Interests
b. Skills
c. Hobbies
d. Peer’s Preference
6. It refers to the things you like and do not like to do.

a. Mission
b. Values
c. Preference
d. Goal
7. This personality trait shows how desirous an individual is for cooperation and
social harmony. It is characterized by likability, kindness, and courteousness.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
d. Conscientiousness
8. It is a personality trait which concerns how one controls, regulates, and

directs impulses. It is characterized by high levels of effort and motivation.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
9. This personality trait reflects how eager an individual is to have social

interaction, in constant contact with the outside world. It involves sociability,
dominance, and energy.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
10. It is a personality trait that refers to the tendency to experience negative

feelings and moodiness.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
b. Conscientiousness

2
Module 13
11. It is a personality trait which concerns the desire to explore, enjoy novel
experiences, and preference for change and variety.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
12. When your dream career is not achievable, it is advisable __________.

a. to open yourself for other career possibilities.
b. to focus on your hobbies.
c. to stop studying at the moment.
d. not to do anything.
13. In making important career decisions, the first thing to do is to __________.

a. devise a strategy or course of action.
b. consider the options.
c. work on your values.
d. finalize your goal.
14. After considering all the possibilities, ___________.

a. modify your plan.
c. work out on your values.
15. When you want to make sure of your plan and you ask yourself whether you
are going to pursue college courses, enroll in short-term TESDA courses, or
open a small business, you are ___________.
a. trying to devise a strategy or course of action.
b. modifying your plan.
c. working out on your values.
d. finalizing your goal.

3
Module 13
Lesson Factors in Personal
13 Development: Guide in Making

Important Career Decisions
Developing insights into your own life can make your experiences more
meaningful. It can also help you better understand yourself as a person and assert
others too. By studying yourself as well as the world around you, you will discover
new truths about you, your life, and your identity.
As an adolescent, you need to start planning the career you are going to
pursue. Factors in personal development like your preferences, skills, interests, and
values will guide you during the decision-making process. Writing down your goals,
values, and preferences will help you to think about the kind of jobs suited for you.
Successful people have mission statements in life. Creating your personal
mission statement and vision will be a good guide for career planning. You may
update your mission statement as your values mature over time. As your self-
awareness increases, your ability to maximize the use of strengths and manage
weaknesses positively increases as well. Understanding yourself, managing your
emotions, and positive outlook despite set-backs are the most important things that
will bring you to a great career choice.
There might be challenges along the way, yet as you adapt with skill and face
the challenges with a positive mind, it will be worth it. You will enjoy your journey
accepting what you attain in life.

4
Module 13
What’s In
ACTIVITY 1. What are the factors that influence career pathways? List down your
answer under the appropriate column.
EXTERNAL FACTORS
INTERNAL FACTORS
Put a check mark before the phrase/sentence which will help you create a personal
development plan for your career.
_______ Define your dreams.

_______ Set goals.
_______ Defend your dream from someone.
_______ Choose your priorities.
_______ Implement your strength.
_______ Set deadlines.
_______ Have the result in mind.
_______ Start acting your plan.
_______ Reassess your goal.
_______ Keep track of your progress.

5
Module 13
What’s New
Activity 2. Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to come up with examples of

values that could work in personal or corporate situations. The clue will guide you
to arrange the scrambled letters.
A facet of moral character which connotes positive and

NESTYOH virtuous attributes such as integrity, truthfulness, and
straightforwardness.
Firm adherence to a code, especially of moral or

GRITYTEIN
artistic values: incorruptibility
The quality of being concerned with the human spirit

TYILTUAIRSIP
or soul.
A feeling of deep admiration for someone or something

SPREECT
elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements.
The quality of being thankful; readiness to show

GITURATDE
appreciation for and to return kindness.
The quality of being friendly, generous, and

KINESDNS
considerate.
Mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and

AGECOUR
withstand danger, fear, or difficulty.
The ability to wait, to continue doing something

IENPATCE despite difficulties, or to suffer without complaining or
becoming annoyed.
Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or
PEANCERSEVER
delay in achieving success.
Letting go of past grudges or lingering anger against a

RNESFOSGIVE
person or persons.
Questions:
1. What are the words that you have formed in the activity?
2. What are these words all about?
3. What is the relationship of the words formed above in developing one’s
personality?
4. Do you think personal development will help in making a career decision?
In what way?

6
Module 13
The words above are values which can be used as inspiration when deciding
your own core values.
Is there a need to have personal core values? Yes, because those personal core
values may serve as your motivating factor and guide as you plan for your career and
your future. Your personal values will distinguish you from the rest. These values
will help you live a joyful and meaningful life.
Activity 3. Complete the statement below based on your personal experiences.

This activity may guide your career decisions.
I excel in ______________________________________________________________.
(subjects that you find interesting)
My hobbies include ____________________________________________________.
While in school, I gained skills in _______________________________________.

(things you like to do while at school)
At home, my parents hone my skills in _________________________________.
I love to explore _______________________________________________________.

(activities that I’m interested)
I have easy access in the field of _______________________________________.

(course)
I want a stable job because __________________________________.
My family’s financial situation is ________________________________________.
My dream career is __________________________________________________.
I am open to all possibilities of career choice because _______________.
When I’m confused about what career to pursue, I ask the ideas of
____________________________________________________________________________.
(name at least three persons you asked about the career you want)
Questions:
1. What did you realize while answering the activity?
2. How will you utilize your responses in the activity in career planning?

7
Module 13
What is It
Values are individual beliefs that motivate people to act. It serves as a guide
for human behavior. Most of the time, a person adopts the values observed with the
people he/she lives with or the community that he/she grew up in.
Values are regarded as which is good, desirable, or worthwhile. People usually

act based on the values he believes which we call personal values. Personal Values
are “broad desirable goals that motivate people's actions, and serve as guiding
principles in their lives”. It represents what is vital to someone. Proper utilization of
values is a key in making career decisions.
Activity 2 suggests values that will guide you in finalizing your career plan,
and be successful in your chosen career. Honesty, integrity, spirituality, respect,
gratitude, kindness, courage, patience, perseverance, and forgiveness are values that
you may utilize while you are into the crucial career planning, and facing college
pressures and numerous setbacks.
As an adolescent, it is imperative to prepare yourself with enough knowledge

leading to the career that you want. Supportive family and friends may ease your
confusions in finalizing career decisions, choosing the best university, taking College
entrance examinations, and facing four-year college life afterwards.
Choose a career that you love, and you like the most. Courage, patience, and
perseverance to face the challenges are some of the keys to survive the challenging
world of career preparation and make it to the end line we call SUCCESS!!!
Career is defined by Merriam-

Webster dictionary as a profession for
which one trains and is undertaken as
a permanent calling. Moreover,
Cambridge described it as the job or
series of jobs that you do during your
working life. Deciding for a career to
pursue is a major decision, and one’s
personal preferences largely influence
his/her choices.
In activity 3, you were tasked to

write your interests, skills, experiences
both in school and at your home,
access to the job, stability of the job, Illustrated by Robinson M. Alegre
family’s financial situation, dream
career, open possibilities of career
choice, and person you confide with.
8
Module 13
While working on the best career for yourself, it is best to consider the
following:
Interest concerns, involves, draws the attention of, or arouses the curiosity
of a person. You may consider analyzing the Senior High School subjects
that you found interesting and the hobbies that inspire you. Contemplate
on the following questions: Do you enjoy solving mathematical problems? Are you
into arts? Do you love writing short stories? Are you good at public speaking? Do
you enjoy exploring different places? Or perhaps you are not into academics, yet you
are very good at cooking, baking or carpentry. Allowing yourself to be in the field that
you enjoy may bring you satisfaction and success.
Skills refer to the ability and capacity

acquired through deliberate, systematic,
and sustained effort to smoothly and
adaptively carryout complex activities or
job functions involving ideas (cognitive skills),
things (technical skills), and
people (interpersonal skills).
It would be better if you will find a career in the field where you are skillful
and you have easy access. For instance, you observed that while in SHS, you are
constantly the best in food preparation, you competed in school competitions and
won in baking. You also had the highest grades in Technology and Livelihood
Education (TLE) subjects, then it is an indication that your skills are into foods,
therefore, you may opt to a course related to food preparation. You may choose for a
four-year degree course in college or short-term courses in TESDA.
Your career option where most of your relatives and family have access is a
good choice as well. Your relatives may assist you to land a job easily and work in a
stable company.
Your family’s financial capability to support your studies in college

should also be considered. No matter how good your career choice is, your
family’s capacity to financially support your chosen career is vital. It is
recommended to have at least three alternatives.
At times, your dream career is not the career that is opening doors for you,
you might consider opening yourself for other career possibilities. For instance,
if you dream of becoming an Engineer but did not pass the College Entrance
Examination in Engineering course, then you might consider a three-year
Technology course leading to Engineering.

9
Module 13
As an adolescent, it is good to seek advice from people who have already been
there. You might consider asking your parents, teachers, guidance counselor, or
“people you look up to” when it comes to your career. They can provide you insights
on how they did it.
Here is a simplified guide in preparing for important career decisions.
Process Questions to ask yourself

Finalize your goal Am I going to pursue college courses, enroll in short-term
TESDA courses, work while studying, or open a small
business?
Work on your What values do I need to achieve my goals?

values My personal mission and vision.
Consider the What other choices do I have (second and third choice) for a
options career if the first choice would not be possible?
Strategize How will I be able to support my studies?

My parents are not financially stable, yet I have the “drive” to
pursue, and possess the knowledge.
After considering all What is the best possible scheme for success after I am done
the possibilities, in evaluating my goal and all the possibilities?
modify your plan.
Understanding your Personality--the characteristic way of thinking, feeling,

and behaving that distinguishes one person from another; and your personality traits
which reflect patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors will also guide you in
finalizing your career decisions. According to Psychologists, dimensions of
personality describe the essential traits that serve as the building blocks of
personality. The Big Five Personality Traits include Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism (OCEAN) is widely used to classify
individual’s ways of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Personality Trait Facets and Career Choice
Openness concerns with the desire Facets: imagination, curiosity, originality,

to explore and enjoy novel broad-mindedness, and intelligence
experiences; preference for change Career Choice: tour guide, pilot, writers,
and variety entrepreneurs, artists, actors, musicians
Facets: reliability, orderliness, impulse

Conscientiousness deals with high control, decisiveness, deliberation,
levels of effort, motivation, being punctuality
organized, systematic, punctual, Career Choice: lawyers, doctors, CEO’s
and dependable. accountant, sales managers, scientists,
engineers

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Module 13
Extraversion involves traits
Facets: Dominance, Sociability, positive
relating to sociability and
emotions.
dominance; concerns on how eager
Career Choice: manager, personal trainer
an individual is to have social
news presenter, radio jockey, public
interaction and in constant contact
speaking, entertainment, event planner,
with the outside world
Agreeableness includes being Facets: nurturance, trust, modesty,

compassionate and cooperative tolerance, likability, straightforwardness
toward others; shows likability, Career Choice: HR Specialist, Teacher
kindness, and courteousness nursing, social work, counseling
Emotional Stability/ Facets: anxiety, hostility, depression,

Neuroticism refers to a person’s vulnerability, low self-esteem.
tendency to become emotionally If you can stay calm under pressure, career
upset; proneness to experience choice may be: social work, psychiatric
emotional distress nursing
What’s More
At this point, let us see how you absorbed the substance of our topic. Fill in
the blanks to complete your five-year career plan (vision, mission, guided by personal
core values) that you think will be beneficial for you to live a meaningful and joyful
life. You may check the sample expected response provided at the answer key section.
By the year 1) _______

I will be 2) __________
_____________________
_____________________

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My mission in
life is to 3) ______
_________________
_________________
My career development will be guided by the

following personal core values:
4) _______________________ 8) _________________________
5) _______________________ 9) _________________________
6) _______________________ 10) ________________________
7) _______________________
What I Have Learned
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer to complete the sentence.
Write your answer on a separate sheet.
1. __________are individual beliefs that motivate people to act one way or

another.
2. Having your personal mission and vision might help as well. __________ are
“broad desirable goals that motivate people's actions and serve as guiding
principles in their lives”. It represents what is important to someone.
3. __________ defined as the mental or moral strength to venture, persevere,

and withstand danger, fear, or difficulty may be utilized to withstand the
setbacks in career planning.
4. It is also significant to consider your interests, __________, experiences both

in school and at your home, access to the job, stability of the job, family’s
financial situation in making important career decisions.

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Module 13
5. While preparing for important career decisions, it is important to follow a
simplified guide: A) Finalize your goal; B) Work on your values; C) Consider
the options; D) Strategize; E) After considering all the possibilities, ________.
6. Personality Trait is widely used to classify an individual's ways of thinking,

feeling, and acting. __________ includes characteristics such as likability,
kindness, courteousness, and nurturance.
7. __________ involves traits relating to sociability, dominance, energy, and

positive affect. Career opportunities include: news presenter, radio jockey,
public speaking, entertainment, event planner, and personal trainer.
8. The career in law, medicine, accountancy, managerial, and engineering

involves reliability, orderliness, impulse control, decisiveness, punctuality,
and high levels of effort which are characteristics of __________ trait.
9. _____ refers to a person’s proneness to experience emotional distress and

maladaptive coping strategies.
10. Imagination, curiosity, originality, broad-mindedness, and intelligence are

aspects of__________ personality trait.
What I Can Do
You have reached the last part of this lesson. It is expected that you finally
realize your core values, personality traits, as well as the skills, interests,
preferences, and your family’s financial stability. Based on your understanding of
the topic, fill in the blanks with the factors in personal development, and complete
the graphics below.
ME
Core Values Skills ____________ Personality Traits

__________________
_________________ __________________
_________________ Interest__________ __________________
_________________ __________________ __________________
_________________ __________________
_________________ Family’s financial __________________
_________________ stability__________ __________________
__________________

13
Module 13
Based on the factors in personal development written on the blanks, explain
in three paragraphs how these factors will guide your career decisions as an
adolescent.
Factors in Personal Development: Guide in Making Important Career Decisions
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

14
Module 13
Assessment
sheet of paper.
1. It is a personality trait that is concerned with the way in which we control,
regulate, and direct our impulses. It deals with high levels of effort and
motivation.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
2. This personality trait shows how desirous an individual is for cooperation and
social harmony. It includes characteristics such as kindness and nurturance.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
3. This personality trait is characterized by the tendency to experience negative
feelings, moodiness, and proneness to experience emotional distress.
a. Openness
B. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
4. This personality trait is characterized by pronounced engagement with the
external world and extent to which an individual is assertive and sociable.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Agreeableness
5. It is a personality trait that shows desire to explore, enjoy novel experiences, and
prefer change and variety.
a. Openness
b. Extroversion
c. Neuroticism
6. It is the individual beliefs that motivate people to act. It serves as a guide for
human behavior.
a. Goal
b. Values
c. Mission
d. Preference

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Module 13
7. It is something that concerns, involves, draws the attention, or arouses the
curiosity of a person.
a. Preference
b. Values
c. Career
d. Interests
8. It refers to a profession or occupation that requires special training.
a. Career
b. Goal
c. Mission
d. Preference
9. The following should be considered in career planning EXCEPT:
a. Interests
b. Skills
c. Hobbies
d. Peer’s preference
10. It is the ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and
sustained effort to carry out complex activities or job functions smoothly and
adaptively involving ideas, things, and people.
a. Interests
b. Skills
c. Hobbies
d. Peer’s preference
11. It refers to the things you like to do and do not like to do.
a. Mission
b. Values
c. Preference
d. Goal
12. In making important career decisions, the first thing to do is to _________.
a. devise a strategy or course of action.
c. work on your values.
13. After considering all the possibilities, _____________.
a. modify your plan.
c. work out on your values.
14. When you want to make sure of your plan, you ask yourself whether you are
going to pursue a college course, enroll in short-term TESDA courses, or open
a small business, you are ______________.
a. Trying to devise a strategy or course of action.
b. modifying your plan.
c. working out on your values.
d. finalizing your goal.
15. When your dream career is not achievable, it is advisable to ___________.
a. stop studying at the moment
b. focus on your hobbies
c. open yourself for other career possibilities
d. not to do anything.

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Module 13
You are now on the last part of this lesson, and by this time, you should
have thought so well of your career decisions. Prepare a three-paragraph essay on
the most current career decision that you have made.
Be guided by the following instructions.

1) 1st paragraph-introduction on the career decision.
2) 2nd paragraph- factors in personal development which affects the career
decision
3) 3rd paragraph- your realizations about decision-making
My Career Decision
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.

17
Module 13
Module 13
18
B D
D 2025 C
A An engineer C
D To provide high B
B quality but A
C affordable B
C engineering design D
D to ordinary Filipino A
B people. D
C Integrity B
A Empathy C
A Courage D
D Perseverance A
A Honesty D
D Patience C
Gratitude
Answer Key
References
"Career Decision Making." Accessed May 28, 2020. https://career.fsu.edu/students/plan-
your-career/career-decision-making.
Diener, Edward, and Richard E. Lucas. "Personality Traits." Nobaproject.com. Accessed

June 1, 2020. https://nobaproject.com/modules/personality-traits
Dietrich, Cindy. "Decision Making: Factors That Influence Decision Making, Heuristics Used,
and Decision Outcomes." Inquiries Journal VOL. 2, no. NO. 02 (2010,): 1-3.
Accessed May 24, 2020. http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=180.
Frias, Anthony. "Career Decision Making." Oercommons.org. October 11, 2020. Accessed
August 23, 2021. https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/73378/overview.
Lubinski, David. "Intellectual Abilities, Interests, and Mastery." Nobaproject.com. Accessed

June 4, 2020. https://nobaproject.com/modules/intellectual-abilities-interests-and-
mastery.
Mallon, Larissa. "Making a Wise Career Decision." Oercommons.org. January 7, 2020.

Accessed May 29, 2020. https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/
61275/overview.
Pritchett, Jennifer. "Getting to Know Yourself - Values." Oercommons.org. July 23,

2020. Accessed August 23, 2021. https://www.oercommons.org/
courseware/lesson/70185/overview
Syrett, Heather. "Discover Your Values and Goals." Oercommons.org. July 16, 2018.
Accessed May 27, 2020.
https://www.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/25859/overview.
Thompson, Ross. "Social and Personality Development in Childhood." Nobaproject.com.

Accessed June 5, 2020. https://nobaproject.com/modules/social-and-personality-
development-in-childhood.

19
Module 13

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Importance of Personal
Development in Making a Career
Decision

Module 14
Quarter 2 – Module 14: Importance of Personal Development in Making a Career Decision
First Edition, 2021
over them.

Writer: Joneth D. Vibar

Alona A. Encinares, Jonathan L. Canales, Shenn Ann G. Arriola,
Layout Artists: Mark Laurence T. Tapas, Crizalyn D. Billones
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Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
2
Module 14

Development in Making
a Career Decision
3
Module 14


Thank you.
2
Module 14

What I Need to Know
share insights about the importance of personal development in forming career
choices as adolescent. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.
The module is composed of one lesson:

● Lesson 1 – Importance of Personal Development to Career Decisions

1. share ways on how to deal with the discovered strengths and weaknesses;
2. identify ways on how to decide for a career choice.
3. realize the importance of personal development in making career decisions as
adolescent.
1
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. This is influenced by many factors which adolescents usually are anxious of

making.
a. Training and Experiences
b. Personal Development
c. Life Goals
d. Career Choice
2. An attitude of an adolescent wherein he/she chooses too early on what he/she

wants to pursue in their career, notwithstanding lack of knowledge about it.
a. Conducting Research
b. Abrupt Decision Making
c. Career Planning
d. Acquiring Necessary Skills
3. A strategy to solve potential problems in the future, know personal capacity,

and set goals for the future.
a. Career Plan
b. Plan of Action
c. Future Work
d. Career Choice
4. A strategy to know about the career that a person wants to pursue.

a. Involvement in the Society
b. Peer Interviews
c. Exposure to Experience
d. Conduct Research
5. An opportunity to acquire proper training and involvement in activities to

gain skills and expertise.
a. Career Planning
c. Acquiring Necessary Skills
d. Conducting Research
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Module 14

6. The first consideration in formulating a career plan.
a. Setting strategies to accomplish goals
b. Knowing one’s skills and capacity
c. Understanding the nature of the goal
d. Looking for solutions to the problem
7. A normal reaction of adolescents if they start planning for their future.

a. Happiness
b. Anxiety
c. Regret
d. Excitement
8. It is a way of joining activities that you like the most to discover more about
yourself.
a. Acquiring Skills
b. Personal Interest
c. Conducting Research
d. Strategy in Developing self
9. It takes an initial step on self-exploration by determining your interests and

personal limitations.
a. Identifying personal skill
b. Preparing career plan
c. Knowing the career options
d. Knowing oneself
10. The process of comparing and contrasting possible career options.

a. Career Planning
b. Strategize in Developing Self
c. Research on Career Options
d. Know personal interest
11. The following are examples of personal skills, except_____.

a. Leadership Skill
b. Cooperative Skill
c. Research Skill
b. Motivation Skill
12. The following are examples that influence an adolescent in career choice,
except _____.
a. Influence of Parents
b. Financial Resources
c. Personal Interest
d. Set Goals
3
Module 14

13. Learning to stand for what is good on your personal career can develop ___.
a. Self-confidence
b. Self-reliance
c. Self-introspection
d. Self-reflection
14. What is the importance of using strategies in developing oneself in order to

help in career decisions?
a. Looking for information using reading resources for research.
b. Finding learning opportunities in the community to learn new skills.
c. Leading a group for community involvement.
d. Analyzing oneself first in order to know strengths and weaknesses.
15. Which of the following is the best way on how to acquire new skill?
a. Learn a skill one time after the other for better mastery.
b. Learn skills all at the same time to acquire more.
c. Learn only what interests you and refrain from trying other things.
d. Learn to acquire a skill in the fastest time possible.
4
Module 14

Lesson
14 Development to Career Decisions
It is important for an adolescent like you to recognize that personal

development has been one of the most important factors for career decision making.
As it capitalizes on human development, being aware of skills, talents, knowledge,
and behavior can direct you to a path toward achieving your dreams.
There is a need to invest so much on developing your weaknesses and

increasing strengths in order to be equipped with skills required in this generation.
Since our world is composed of varied information, adolescents must be properly
guided to practice a well-thought decision making opportunities to understand the
essential things to focus on.
What’s In
Activity 1.1 Matching Type – Knowing the main ideas presented in this module
would help you better understand the concepts related to career decision making.
Match column A with column B to determine the definition of terms to be
encountered in this lesson. Write the answer on the space provided.
Answers Column A Column B

A. Exploring the nature of the work by
identifying information on potential
1. Personal Research
trainings and skills to be earned in a
choosing a career.
B. Choosing a profession based on
2. Acquiring Skills
your personal skills
C. Finding trainings, preparing career
3. Personal Interest plans, conducting research, and
knowing your self-interest
Strategy in Developing D. Identifying activities that you like the
4.
Self most to get involved with.
E. Learning to develop potentials by
5. Career Decision
trying out worthwhile activities
5
Module 14

What’s New
Career Decision Making
2.Identifying
1. Knowing
Personal
Yourself
Skills
Choosing a
Career
3. Strategize
5. Career on
Planning Developing
Self
4. Research
on Career
Options
In making a career choice, an adolescent like you may undergo a process of

thinking and rethinking. You may find it challenging to make decisions right away
because of the different factors that you need to consider in career choices. There is
a suggested strategy in order to help you decide for your future career. The diagram
above could help you follow a step in analyzing the right career for you.
1. Knowing Yourself - It takes an initial step on self-exploration by determining

your interests, limitations, inner talents, skills, and potentials that would help
create an image of your future self. Determining personal strengths and
weaknesses can also give you a chance to set bigger plans for the future.
2. Identify Personal Skills – A person’s skill differs from one person to another.
Once you realize your capacities, it is important to concentrate on improving
it even further.
3. Strategize on Developing Self – After knowing your personal skills, expose

yourself to worthwhile activities like: training workshops, community
projects, school organization, and even extra-curricular activities in school.
Find opportunities within your community where you could learn new skills.
6
Module 14

Learning one skill at a time is a good way to see potentials and see how it can
benefit your future profession.
4. Research on Career Options – There are plenty of career options that an

adolescent like you can choose from. Should you wish to know more about
these options, you may compare and contrast the different background of your
chosen professions and see if that suits your interest and skills.
5. Career Planning – Think of your personal plan of actions on how to achieve

your set goals for the future. In career planning, you may include your
teachers, parents, and peers so that they can give you necessary feedback in
order to decide on a good career choice. Listening to experts also gives
additional help and guidance.
The diagram comes in a cycle so that you can go back to any step which you think
needs more self-reflection. In the process of decision making, you would discover
more about yourself and realize how important it is to make careful decisions
because it can direct you to the right path towards achieving your future career.
What is It
Challenges of Adolescents in Choosing Career

Career choice is probably one of the most challenging things that adolescents
like you are facing right now. There are several factors that influence decision
making: achievement in school, social and environmental condition, personal
interest, influence of parent, and financial resources.
Influence of
Parents
Financial Social
Resources Condition
Achievement Personal
in School Interests
7
Module 14

Looking as these factors, realize how each factor influence you right now in
choosing and deciding on your future career.
You have the entire world to help you in making decisions. It is normal to feel
afraid in making career choices because you are dealing with an unfamiliar world
that you need to face. The thought of doing things independently brings enough
anxiety for a teen-ager while you try to deal with challenging tasks and continues to
discover more about life. Since there are factors that contribute to this fear, there
are suggested ways on how to deal with this personal issue in order to help you in
making career choice.
1. Conduct Personal Research -

Reading few articles and journal
entries about the kind of career that
you wish to have can help you
gather information which may be
helpful in your decision-making.
Exploring the nature of the work by
identifying potentials for
professional growth, trainings to
undergo, skills to be earned, and security of finances may be some of the
things that you may look into for deciding a career. Talking with professionals,
family members, or experts in the field can also contribute to the amount of
ideas that you would be needing for you to start. If you are interested to know
more about running a business, asking an entrepreneur can be of great help.
Their authentic experiences and testimonials can help shed light to your
queries on the field that you wish to get into.
2. Invest in Acquiring Necessary Skills – It
is expected that adolescents do not have
enough skills at this stage; however, this is
earned through proper training
involvements and pursuing activities
related to the kind of field you wish to
become expert with. Since skills are
acquired by hands-on experiences, you
have to open yourself to many learning
opportunities that can contribute to your
well-being. In this manner, you can also discover your strengths and
weaknesses as a starting point in understanding the appropriate career that
suits your interests. Think about developing a skill that can be of advantage
for everyday usage and can be useful for your future career. Learning one
skill at a time would not divide a person’s attention, instead gives enough
process to master the desired skills effectively.
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Module 14

3. Refrain from Abrupt Decision – One of the
challenges adolescents encounter is by
deciding too early about what they want to
pursue even without adequate background
on that field. This is sometimes followed
with regret in the end because it is done
without careful understanding. It happens
when peer pressure comes in the way when
you consider the voice of others to reign
over what you aspire for yourself. If you are
faced with this dilemma, it is better to talk
with an expert or parent because they can provide you with the proper
guidance in making appropriate decision. Learning to stand for what is good
on your personal career is a good manifestation of self-confidence and
independence.
To learn more about life is a life-long process. It involves learning and engaging
yourself with the varied opportunities. With these opportunities, you have to expect
plenty of changes and obstacles along the way that may either break or create you
as a person. The challenge lies on how you absorb and transform these challenges
into a worthwhile learning avenue in order to acquire necessary skills in enhancing
one’s capacity to accomplish short- or long-term goals.
The future world may seem too distant for your hands to reach; but it is never
too early to prepare for what lies ahead. Proper career plan, therefore, is necessary
to shape your life based on how you picture it. It begins with understanding yourself.
Knowing what you are good at and identifying areas for improvement are significant
in discovering the unseen qualities that you can use for self-transformation.
As early as now, you have to understand that planning for your career is a way
to explore individual capacity to accomplish a goal, to understand the nature of the
goal and look of possible solutions whenever struggle comes along the way, and to
set specific strategies to achieve life goals with appropriate actions and resources.
Keeping these things in mind can help an adolescent like you to have focus and
embrace challenges as part of a personal learning experience; hence, these learnings
are necessary to guide you in choosing the career that you wish to achieve.
9
Module 14

What’s More
Activity 1.2 Multiple Choice: Analyze each statement and determine what is being
described. Choose the answer from the pool of options in the box.
A. Conduct B. Invest in Acquiring C. Refrain from Abrupt

Personal Research Necessary Skills Decision
______1. Watch/Listen to different testimonials from professionals who share

personal experiences on their field of expertise.
______2. Learn to weigh the suggestions given by your peers and your parents.
______3. Get involved with volunteer works in your community and meet other group
of people.
______4. Think and rethink before making a choice of career.
______5. Have enough time to think about what is best for your future.
______6. Read educational materials about the career that you wish to know.
______7. Learn to master a new set of skills beyond what you have right now.
______8. Know more information to whether your chosen career can provide financial
stability in the future.
______9. Join available trainings for the youth provided by the local agency units.
______10. Search for available learning opportunities within your community.
______11. Hear feedback from peers but realize which one is beneficial or not.
______12. Lead a group in promoting a program that can help other students like
you.
______13. Try to challenge yourself in doing unfamiliar tasks to discover potentials.
______14. Learn to stand for your decision after considering all the factors that might
influence your choice.
______15. Interview experts from the field of work to gather more information.
10
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What I Have Learned
Activity 1.3 My Own Guide in Choosing a Career

Choosing a career requires careful analysis of yourself and personal development. In
order to have a successful career option, you need to identify a process on how to
achieve it. Use the same diagram as the one in What’s New to create your very own
career guide. Then, share insight on how this will help you make career decisions.
1. 2.
Choosing a
Career
5. 3.
4.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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11
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Activity 1.4 Forming my Future Career
After Senior High School I want This is how I look like in that
career. (Draw/cut-out pictures of
to pursue a career on, yourself)
________________________________
because________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
_______________________________.
These are the skills that I need to have to become successful in my career.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
After reading the articles in the In order for me to become

module, these are the things that successful in the future, these are
I have realized. the things that I need to do at
present.
________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
________________________________ ________________________________
12
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What I Can Do
Activity 1.3 Share Insights
THEY MAKE AN IMPACT IN MY CAREER CHOICE

There are several factors that motivate a person in terms of choosing a career.
Share insights about how you perceive each of the influential factors in life and
tell how they contribute to your decision making.
Research on Career Options Personal Interest and Skills
Self-Independence Community Involvement
Financial Resources Knowledge and Skills Earned
Family Influence Feedback from Experts
Careful Decision Making Peer Influence
13
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Assessment
1. This is a strategy to know about the career that a person wants to have in
the future.
a. Conduct Research
b. Involvement in the Society
c. Exposure to Experience
d. Peer Interviews
2. This is influenced by many factors which adolescents usually are afraid of

making.
a. Training and Experiences
b. Career Choice
c. Personal Development
d. Life Goals
3. This is an attitude of an adolescent in choosing too early on a kind of career,

notwithstanding lack of knowledge about it.
a. Conducting Research
b. Acquiring Necessary Skills
c. Career Planning
d. Abrupt Decision Making
4. A strategy to solve potential problems in the future, know personal capacity,

and set goals for the future.
a. Future Work
b. Plan of Action
c. Career Plan
d. Career Choice
5. This is the suggested first step in deciding for a career plan.

a. Looking for solutions to the problem
b. Setting strategies to accomplish goals
c. Knowing one’s skills and capacity
d. Understanding the nature of the goal
6. This is a way to have proper training and involvement in activities to gain skills
and expertise.
a. Career Planning
d. Acquiring Necessary Skills
14
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7. This is a common emotion of adolescents as they start planning for their
future.
a. Happiness
b. Regret
c. Fear
d. Excitement
8. It is a way of getting into worthwhile activities that you like the most to
become better.
a. Strategy in Developing self
b. Acquiring Skills
d. Personal Interest
9. The process of comparing and contrasting different career options that are
suitable for your skills.
a. Research on Career Options
b. Strategize in Developing Self
c. Career Planning
d. Know personal interest
10.This is the initial step on self-exploration by determining your interests and

personal limitations.
a. Knowing oneself
b. Identifying personal skill
c. Preparing career plan
d. Knowing the career options
11. The following are examples of personal skills needed in gathering

background information about your chosen career.
a. Leadership Skill
b. Cooperative Skill
c. Research Skill
b. Motivation Skill
12. The following are examples that influence an adolescent in career choice,
except _____.
a. Set Goals
b. Influence of Parents
c. Personal Interest
d. Financial Resources
15
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13. What is the importance of using strategies in developing oneself in order to
help in career decisions?
a. Looking for information using reading resources for research.

b. Finding learning opportunities in the community to learn new skills.
c. Leading a group for community involvement.
d. Analyzing oneself first in order to know strengths and weaknesses.
14. Which of the following is the best way on how to acquire new skill?
a. Learn skills all at the same time to acquire more.

b. Learn to acquire a skill in the fastest time possible.
c. Learn only what interests you and refrain from trying other things.
d. Learn a skill one time after the other for better mastery.
15. Learning to stand for what is good on your personal career can develop ___.
a. Self-reliance
b. Self-confidence
c. Self-introspection
d. Self-reflection
16
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Activity 1.4 Creating My Career Timeline

Make your own career timeline. Starting from being a Senior High School student,
look at how you plan to develop yourself. Choose necessary actions that you need
to accomplish in order to achieve your future career. Share your insights using the
boxes.
This is how I plan

my future career
Working in my Chosen Career
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
After College Graduation ----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------- --
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------- College Days
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
--
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
After Senior High School
----------------------------------------------------
Graduation
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------- --
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
Senior High School
----------------------------------------------------
____________ (Current Year)
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
-- ----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------
--
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Answer Key
B A A
D C B
B B A
A B D
C C D
A A C
A B D
B A B
C B B
D A B
C C C
C C D
D B A
B C B
A A D
Assessment What's More What I Know
18
Module 14

References
Juneja, Prachi. Role of Personal Development in Career Growth. Management Study
Guide. 2020. Accessed June 15, 2020
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-personal-development-in-
career-growth.htm
Titner, Eric. 5 Ways to Help your Teen’s Career Path. Personal Development.
Accessed June 5, 2020. https://www.thejobnetwork.com/5-ways-help-teens-
career-path/
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Module 14


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Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph *

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Creative Visualization of Personal
Development Through the Various
Stages That You Went Through

Module 15
Quarter 2 – Module 15: Creative Visualization of Personal Development Through The
Various Stages That You Went Through
First Edition, 2021
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Writer: Maricel L. Bontigao

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Alona A. Encinares, Jonathan L. Canales, Shenn Ann G. Arriola,
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Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral
Job S. Zape Jr.
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Elaine T. Balaogan
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Christopher R. Diaz
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Cristina C. Salazar
Priscilla V. Salo
Bernadette B. Patag
Rosanito S. Paras
Rochene I. Garcia

Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
Development Through
the Various Stages That You
Went Through
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At
the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
This module is about helping and guiding the learners construct a clear
visualization of their personal development through the different stages they went
through in career decision. Decision-making for career planning is one of the challenges
that adolescents will encounter in their lives. There are stressors and influences which
may affect their decision making. However, by the help of people around them, it will be
easier to choose a right decision.
This learning material was anchored from the learning competencies,
performance, and content standard of the curriculum guide. The content, activities, and
assessments were designed according to learner’s context.
The module is entitled “Creative visualization of personal development through

the various stages that you went through”.

1. Construct a creative visualization of your personal development through the
various stages that you went through - stressors, influencers, and decisions-
making points and personal profile analysis.
What I Know
sheet of paper.
1. Personal development is a lifelong process to improve oneself. How can a person

develop his/her personality?
a. Communicate with others
b. Learn something new
c. Enhance skills
d. All of the above
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Module 15
2. A skill is the ability to perform an action with determined results often within
a given amount of time, energy, or both. Which of the following is an example
of skills?
a. Lifestyle
b. Religious
c. Knowledge
d. Good communication
3. It is an organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a human

being distinctive.
a. Identity
b. Behavior
c. Character
d. Personality
4. A process of improving an individual’s abilities for future opportunities

for achieving career objectives.
a. Long term-goals
b. Short-term goals
c. Career decisions
d. Career development
5. Which of the following is a factor in career decision making?

a. Experience
b. Characteristics
c. Financial status
d. Careless behavior
6. The following are the people who influence your decision making EXCEPT one.
a. Parents
b. Friends
c. Significant others
d. Guidance counselor
7. Which of the following is an important characteristic in building personality

development?
a. Skills
b. Values
c. Interests
d. All of the above
8. What is the benefit/s career planning?

a. Saves time
b. Set long goals
c. Ensures self-development
d. All of the above
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Module 15
9. Adolescents can improve their personality by the following EXCEPT one.
a. Volunteering
b. Playing mobile games
c. Joining in school club
d. Engaging a new hobby
10. Our personalities developed because of __________.

a. cultural differences
b. racial discrimination
c. environmental influence
d. addiction from playing games
11. The following statements are true EXCEPT.

a. A person’s character continues to evolve through life.
b. Personal development does not affect your career choice.
c. Your work skills and education are your key to succeed.
d. Personal growth gives you a better sense of control of your life.
12. Education hones your personal development because…

a. you acquire necessary knowledge to prepare you for the future
b. it hones your qualities and skills
c. determines your life goals
d. All of the above
13. It is a process whereby an individual acquires a personality identity and learn

the norms, values and behavior.
a. Transition
b. Maturation
c. Socialization
d. Developmental process
14. Career decision is___________

a. the process of identifying a selecting alternative based on your unique
performance
b. the process of improving oneself
c. the process of improving an individual’s abilities in anticipation of future
opportunities
d. a realization or fulfillment one’s talents and potentials especial considered
as a drive
15. It is something you want to achieve further into the future.

a. Short term goal
b. Long term goal
c. Honorary award
d. Academic achievement
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Module 15
Lesson
15 Development Through the Various

Stages that You Went Through
We are now in the last module of our subject. At this point, this module will
help you construct a creative visualization of your personal development as you go
through with different stages of adolescence and the stage of choosing a career. We
will also be focusing on the people who might be a source of your stress in decision
making and/or could be an influence in your career planning who in one way or
another are also your source of strengths in analyzing the right path you want to take.
Personal development is a long process. The influence of your family, school,

church, and community in your early life development doesn’t stop there. From the
time you reached your adolescence stage, challenges will come along your way and
one of these is choosing career and setting your life goals. As you are preparing
yourself in adulthood, making decisions will definitely affect your plan in the future.
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you understood that personal development is a long

process of assessing your skills and qualities. Empowering and honing these
characteristics will surely help you to choose a right decision for your future. By
identifying the components that affect you, achieving your personal development will
be easier for you to plan your career and set your life goals for the future.
The diagram below will help you to determine the factors that affect your career
decision making.
Let’s look at the past lessons and try to recall your ideas and your
understanding of what you have learned from the topic by writing it down in the
respective boxes.
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Module 15
1.
2.
3.
Factors
affecting your 4.
decision
making
1.
2.
3.
Benefits you
can gain in 4.
developing
yourself
1.
2.
3.
Importance of
Career 4.
Decision
The teacher should guide the learners in answering the

prepared activities. Incorporated the lesson and activities with the
past lesson. Process every activity using question and answer.
Integrate a multidisciplinary approach is encouraged.
Research appropriate videos for the lesson if necessary.
What’s New
If you’re not developing yourself to achieve your dream, then you’re just a
dreamer
Brendon Burchard
Personal development never stops even at the last phase of human

development. It is a process involving many various stages and it’s comprises different
events, including challenges and adversities. People around you are also a big factor
that contribute the development of your personality as whole.
5
Module 15
They may serve as inspiration, though, sometimes can also be a stressor. These
factors contribute to the forming your development as a person. There were happy
moments and difficult times, but in the end, this would help you achieve your goals.
Directions: Draw or cut and paste pictures that symbolize your journey from the
various stages of your personal development that you went through as adolescent. At
the bottom, indicate your preparation for your plans in the future.
My Early Adolescence My Middle Adolescence

(Ages 10-13) (Ages 14-17)
The symbols of My
Personal Development in the
Different Stages of My Adolescence
My Late Adolescence Preparation for my career

(Ages 18-21) plan in achieving my goals.
Explain each symbol:

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________.
Guides Questions:
1. How did you feel while doing the activity?

2. Have you encountered challenges along the way of your journey during
adolescent years? Explain.
3. How were you able to overcome these challenges?
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Module 15
4. Who were the most significant persons who influenced you or became source
of your stress while forming your personality development?
5. How did this activity help your personal development and goal setting?
What is It
What influences Personal Development?

The following are some factors that influence you as you go through the
different stages of personal development.
Family and Social Relationship. Social relationships were identified as one of the
principal shapers of personality development which begins from earliest stage. Home
became a significant place where honing of personality begins. According to Niya the
author of Factors affecting the development of personality, it is very important to have
a healthy and friendly family atmosphere to develop a good and a strong personality.
There should be peaceful, happy and loving environment at home to develop a
positive personality and for them to identify and figure out how they fit into their
social worlds.
Gender, Beliefs, and Behavior. Greenwood, 2017 cited in the “Child Psychology:
A Contemporary Viewpoint Updated,” children learn values, motives, and behaviors
from their parents and the culture within which they live. This includes their beliefs
about gender. The author notes that typical male behavior expectations are
independence, assertion, and competitiveness, while girls are expected to be passive,
sensitive and supportive.
School Atmosphere. The school plays an important role in developing the personality
of one’s person. They make friendship from school and the friends influence their
behavior. Teachers also influence the student's personality as the teacher is the
person who can change or modify the behavior of his students. The education and the
discipline that they could get from the school affects the way they think and decide of
their own.
Culture. It refers to the shared values, beliefs, and norms of a specific group
of people. The culture in which you live is an important factor that forms your
personal development. Culture influences the manner we learn, the decision we make,
and the behavior we project. Cultural traditions, environment and values in a society
can influence personality of a person. This can contribute greatly to the development
of believes, and moral values in a person. Along with that culture can also influence
the way people behave and develop social interaction.
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Module 15
Who influences Personal Development?
Family always takes the big part in forming of one’s personal development.
Parents are expected to accept you and bring you up the best way they could. You
learned to look up to them and tend to your source of inspiration in life. Your siblings
also help you to overcome challenges and support your decision-making.
Peers offer the opportunity to develop social skills such as empathy, sharing,
and leadership. During adolescence, you started to make friends with others wanted
the feeling of belongingness in a group. According to the article of Boundless “Cultural
and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development” Peer groups can have positive
influences on an individual, such as academic motivation performance; however, they
can also have negative influences, such as peer pressure to engage in drug use,
drinking, vandalism, stealing, or other risky behavior. Exposure to peer pressure
increases during early adolescence, and while peers may facilitate positive social
development for one another, they may also hinder it.
How stressors affect Personal Development?
Stressors is defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as stimulus that cause

stress. It is the reaction of our body when you feel the emotional and mental tension.
The demand of the world causes as pressure and anxiety. Challenges never stops even
you reach the last stage of human development.
Stressors are a part of human life. It is said that our body is designed to react
to stress to protect our body against threats. However, when a person has long-
term(chronic) stress, continued activation of the stress response causes wear and tear
on the body. Physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms develop such as aches
and pains, chest pain or a feeling like your heart is racing, exhaustion or trouble
sleeping. and weak immune system and a like. When people with chronic stress did
not able to manage it properly it may lead to emotional and mental symptoms like
anxiety or irritability, depression, panic attacks, and sadness.
Personal Development in Decision Making for Career Planning
The journey in the different stages of personal development is not easy, as we

have discussed earlier. It may serve as your guide now that you are entering in
another new phase of your life, which is preparation for your future. This is the time
that you are going to make decisions on what career you want to take since there are
a lot of factors that you need to consider.
Personal development, as we have discussed many times in other modules,

helps you set goals and expectations for yourself. Any individual without a vision in
life not only fails to deliver but also gets easily lost in the crowd. It is important to set
expectations for yourself. There is a scope of improvement always. Never settle and
never cease to better yourself.
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Module 15
Personality development is not only about changes in traits but also about
changes in other layers of the self. Forming one's identity is thought to be the key to
achieve life goals. Career setting is the first step to achieve life goals. It is important
to prepare yourself in the process of decision-making because your future relies on
this. Career choice is a big challenge for student like you because of the factors that
influence your decision making and the stressors that interplay in choosing the right
decision.
The article “Steps in Personal Development Planning Process” by Prachi

Juneja, various steps in the whole process of personal development planning were
stated:
1. Know your goals and aspirations in life. Define your goals, whether they are
short-term goals or long-term goals. Remember, goals need to be realistic. Write
your goal on a piece of paper. You need to be very clear and confident about it.
Be honest to yourself.
2. Do a SWOT analysis of yourself. Understand your strengths. There are very
few people who know their weaknesses and areas of improvement. Sit and jot
down what all new things you would like to learn which would eventually help
in your career.
3. Understand what would be the best available option. You must be ready
that you cannot get all the things you want. If the first option didn’t work-out
at least you prepared yourself for the second option.
4. Look at the positive and the negative side. Learn to weigh your decision.
What would be the effect and what might the result? This would help you
choose the right decision.
5. Be patient enough. This may be a cliché that patience is a virtue, but having
a long patience always results the positive feedback. Always give your hundred
percent to whatever you do because anything you work half-hearted result
negative feedback.
6. Do not get demotivated. If the results are not positive at the first attempt.
You need to give yourself some time.
In the research of Asma Shahid Kazi, Abeeda Akhlaq, entitled “Factors Affecting
Students’ Career Choice”, the author stated some factors that influence the decision
making for career opportunity:
Parent's Role. Parents pre-determine the career for their child and only serve to steer
them in that direction. It was elaborated that the attitude of parents and the influence
of the home environment influences a child's career path. Similarly, parents’
education has been proven as a factor influencing career choice. The research of Kazi
and Akhlaq in their research supports the position that parents’ education is linked
with the students’ career choice. The parents’ educational level is the most important
factor in students’ career decision.
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Module 15
But in some cases, choosing a career just to live up to the parent’s expectation
is the most common decision taking by students at an early stage, which they tend to
regret later.
Socioeconomic. Socioeconomic factors are also important in motivating the students

to make a career decision. In a comprehensive study by Ngesi (2003) cited by Kazi
and Akhlaq in their research, it was reported that students from poor socioeconomic
backgrounds made wrong career decisions, and chose professions which required a
short duration of training, primarily due to financial constraints.
High Paying Job. Students prefer a job which will give them better opportunity and
high paying salary are thus considered most important factor for the students when
they harp about their career choice. They choose a profession that can provide for our
bread and butter.
Global Opportunity. Some students’ preferences in choosing a career depends on

the opportunity abroad.
Academic Performance. Career choice may also depend on the academic

achievements or performance. A student who did well in school has a better
opportunity than those who struggled in their studies.
Different Curriculum Options. School has a to provide accurate curriculum

program and accurate guidance for the students. In the study conducted by Dr. Nancy
T. Pascual, Factors Affecting High School Students’ Career Preference: A Basis for
Career Planning Program, she determined that exposure of students to career related
technical and academic subjects also known as elective subjects in the Philippines
also helps in students’ decision making in career choices in college.
Being informed and ready to choose a career focus area in a student freshmen
year could help make the transition from middle school to high school easier thus
help prevent the student from dropping out of school before graduation. On the
importance of integrating the academic curriculum in students’ preparation for a
college course choice, it is explained that academics should be integrated with career-
focused courses so students can see practical application for the academic courses
such as mathematics, science, reading and writing.
What’s More
Now that you are already done discussing various aspects in personal
development and its aspects that affect career decision-making, let us now test your
understanding.
10
Module 15
Activity 1.1 Creative visualization of personal development through the various
stages that you went through as an adolescent.
Directions: Create a collage of the various stages of your personal development

throughout your adolescence. You may use your photos, magazines, newspapers or
materials to make it more creative.
1. How this activity helped you realize the importance of your personal
development?
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Did the activity give you a better idea of how you will improve your personality?
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Have you decided on your plans knowing that there would be challenges along
the way?
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11
Module 15
Actvity1.2: Rank the list of factors below that influence your career choice from 1-
10. Make it 1 being the most important and 10 being the least important.
________ wage _________ less stress

________ stability of work status _________ mental capacity
________ opportunity to work abroad _________ health condition
________ friend’s influence _________ align with your interest
________ financial status of family _________ college preference
1. What is your realization after answering the activity?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2. How would this activity help you to make the right decision for your career?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. Are there any factors that influence you in decision making which are not
mentioned in the activity?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Assessment. Read and analyze the following statements. Identify the following
statements that influence career choice.
_________________1. Dexter is good in painting. He wanted to take Fine Arts after
Senior High School, but his parents did not allow him to take the
course because they wanted him to become an engineer like his
father. Dexter has no choice but to follow his parents.
_________________2. Nica will take education in college because her mother and her
tita were teachers, too.
_________________3. In Canada, nursing is one of high paying professions. Jayden

wanted to work there because he wanted to help his family.
_________________4. Pong really wanted to be a mechanical engineer someday, but

there is no automotive servicing course offered in the only Senior
High School in their barrio.
_________________5. There are four universities which offered Francis full scholarship
program and he can choose any course he wants, because he
graduated with highest honors in his school.
_________________6. Your cousin wanted to be an international flight attendant

Someday, because of the opportunity to travel to other countries
in the world.
_________________7. You really wanted to be a doctor someday, but because your

parents can’t afford to send you in medical school, you have no
choice but to enroll in a vocational course.
12
Module 15
_________________8. Dan’s father is a well-known architect. Dan really admires him
and wants to be like him.
_________________9. Bea did well in school that’s why she passed in the university
where she took a college test.
________________10. You heard from the television that Japan needs more cartoon
artists for the next five years, so you took a crash course for
cartooning.
What I Have Learned
Key Takeaways
1. The various experiences you went through during adolescence like problems,
stress, happiness make your personal development better.
2. Culture, gender, beliefs, behavior, economic and social conditions influence the
improving personal development.
3. Parents have always been the most significant people who hone the personal
development of a person.
4. Peers also serve as support, but they tend to influence you in negative way. It
is important that you choose the right peers.
5. Stressor is part of human life but threatening when your mental health
is affected.
6. Career setting is the first step to achieve life goals.
Directions: Answer what is being asked for.
1 2 3
one question in two interesting ideas three insights on

mind about topic that you’ve learned how will prepare
in career planning about the factors your future career
that affect your
personal
development
13
Module 15
What I Can Do
Activity 1.3: Analyze your personal development using your own personal profile
analysis diagram.
My Own Personal Profile Analysis
QWSS
Qualities Weaknesses
Skills Strengths
14
Module 15
Assessment
sheet of paper.
1. These are the things that you like to achieve in order to satisfy your future.
a. Life goals
b. Self-fulfillment
c. Career planning
d. Personal Interest
2. It is defined as activities that improve awareness and your identity that develops
your skills, behavior, talents and habits to achieve your good well-being.
a. Life goals
b. Career planning
c. Career development
d. Personal development
3. Most influential people that affect your decision-making.

a. Friends
b. Parents
c. Teachers
d. Guidance Counselors
4. They are the professional people who could guide you in the process of career
choice.
a. Parents
b. Principal
c. Teachers
d. Guidance Counselor
5. It refers to the process of creating a detailed action plan on how to develop ones’
being.
a. Bucket list
b. Career planning
c. Lesson planning
d. Personal development planning
6. It is usually used in the industrial/business industry which is very effective in

their business analysis that would lead a business success.
a. SWOT Analysis
b. Leadership System
c. Personal Profile Analysis
d. Business Management Analysis
15
Module 15
7. It involves the social and economic status of a family.
a. Social status
b. Sociocultural
c. Sociodynamic
d. Socioeconomic
8. It refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as

norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of women and men.
a. Sex
b. Gender
c. Bisexual
d. Transgender
9. It often shapes the values and expectations of people as they relate to many parts
of our lives.
a. Culture
b. Practices
c. Behavior
d. Experience
10. Going abroad is also considered in career decision. What could be the thing that
an individual considered in this kind of career planning?
a. Socioeconomic
b. High paying job
c. Global opportunity
d. Academic performance
11. It is something that causes of strain or tension from the people around you
in career decision
a. Stress
b. Problem
c. Headache
d. Depression
12. It is the capacity to influence the character, development or behavior of someone

or something, or the effect itself.
a. Attitude
b. Influence
c. Guidance
d. Inspiration
13. The process that requires to think carefully about your interests, talents,
abilities, and values in choosing a career.
a. Career development
b. Career decision making
c. Personal profile analysis
d. Stages of career planning
14. At this stage you are starting to look for a better opportunity and where
your interests and aptitudes fit.
a. Exploration
b. Job hopping
c. Work abroad
d. Work experience
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Module 15
15. It is the process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behavior.
a. Interest
b. Passion
c. Patience
d. Motivations
A vision board is a visualization tool which refers to a board of any sort used
to build a collage of words and pictures that represent your goals and dreams. It’s
time for you to make your own version of vision board.
Family Goal
Education Goal
Health Goal
Travel Goal
My Vision Board
Relationship Goal
Career Goal
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Module 15
Module 15
18
What I Know Assessment
What’s More
D A
D D
D Parent’s Role B
D Parent’s Role D
C Global Opportunity D
D Different Curriculum A
D Options D
D Academic Performance B
B High Paying Job A
C Socioeconomic C
B Parent’s Role A
D Academic Performance B
C Global Opportunity A
D A
B D
Answer Key
References
Berry, Kristen. Gender Differences in Teenages. How to Adult. Accessed in June 3,
2020). https://howtoadult.com/gender-differences-teenagers-16388.html
Dictionary. https://www.dictionary.com
Factors that Influences Students Career Choice: 7 P’s of Career Selection. Manavrachna.
https://manavrachna.edu.in/blog/factors-that-influences-your-career-choice-
7-ps-of-career-selection/
Juneja, Prachi. Role of Personal Development in Career Growth. Management Study

Guide. Accesed in June 3, 2020.
https://www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-personal-development-in-
career-growth.htm
Kazi, Asma Shahid, Akhlaq Abeeda Factors Affecting Students’ Career Choice.
Research Gate. Accessed in June 2, 2020.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325987918_Factors_Affecting_Stud
ents'_Career_Choice
Niya. Factors affecting the development of personality. India Study Channel.

https://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/168474-Factors-affecting-the-
development-of-personality.aspx
OER2Go. Boundless. Cultural and Societal Influences on Adolescent Development.

OER2Go. Boundless. Accessed in June 2, 2020. http://oer2go.org/mods/en-
boundless/www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-
textbook/human-development-14/adolescence-73/cultural-and-societal-
influences-on-adolescent-development-285-12820/index.html
OERCommons. Career/Life Planning and Personal Exploration

OERCommons. Accessed in June 2, 2020.
https://www.oercommons.org/courses/career-life-planning-and-personal-
exploration/view
Pascual, Nancy T. Factors Affecting High School Students’ Career Preference: A Basis
for Career Planning Program. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and
Applied Research. URS. http://www.urs.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2016/06/2261-4881-1-PB.pdf
Stress. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11874-stress
Unique 2 Brilliance. Factors Affecting Personality Development - Individual and Social

Factors. Unique 2 Brilliance. Accessed in August 25, 2020.
https://unique2brilliance.com/personality-development/factors-affecting-
personality-development/
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Module 15

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Personal Development

CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Illustrator: Gilbert Esguerra

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region4A CALABARZON

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Understand teen-age relationships, including the acceptable and

1 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Let us try to define each one of them.

In this lesson, you will be able to understand what personal relationship

2 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

ACTIVITY: Picture Analysis

3 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

4 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Loving is sharing life with each other,

To love is to help and nurture,

Love is about getting someone special,

Love is the creation of memories that are special.

I discovered the full meaning

5 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Affection is one of human beings' greatest emotions. There is a lot of passion,

What is personal relationship?

Kinds of Personal Relationship

6 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

1. Physical attraction is based on instinct.

2. Physical attraction does not necessarily lead to a good relationship

3. Platonic attraction is important.

4. The unattainable is attractive.

7 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

8 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

Understanding the Acceptable and Unacceptable Means of Expressing

Filipino culture is bound to believe that a decent display of someone's feeling

Because of the Filipinos’ culture of decency, the Republic of the Philippines

What Makes a Healthy and Acceptable Expression of Attractions?

9 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

5. Fairness/Equality. You need to have a give and a take in your relationship.

6. Separate identities. In a stable relationship, everybody has to make

10 Things That Are Unacceptable in Any Relationship

10 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

2. Putting you down

3. Not supporting your dreams

In a relationship, you should be each other’s cheerleaders. When you

Compromise is a must in a relationship, but if you feel like you’re

11 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

There’s a stereotype that men always forget anniversaries and

Sometimes we fall for people who are in rough situations. Though it

10. Not caring about friends and family

Activity: Situational Analysis

Identify whether the following pictures are acceptable or unacceptable expressions of

12 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS

1. How did you categorize the acceptable and

What I Have Learned

Test I. Fill in the blanks

1. ________________is practically the kind of relationship that we have with our

13 CO_Q2_Personal Development SHS