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Chemistry investigatory project on ions in toothpaste

data science (Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal)

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2020-2021

Kendriya Vidyalaya no.1

JIPMER Campus,
Puducherry

Chemistry investigatory
Checking The project
Ions Present In
Submitted bY:
Toothpaste P.SADHASIVAM
12-A
Roll no: 38
Shifth-1

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CONTENT
1. Certificate
2. Aim
3. Acknowledgement
4. Objective
5. Introduction
6. Requirements
7. Theory
8. Tests for different sample
9. Conclusion
10. Precautions
11. Bibliography

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Certificate
This is to certify that
master sadhasivam of class XII has
completed the chemistry project
entitled

“CHECKING THE IONS

PRESENT IN TOOTHPASTE”
Himself and under the guidance during
the academic year 2020-2021.
The progress of the project has been
continuously
reported and has been in my
knowledge
consistently

Teacher In charge
principal

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Ms. Nikki Yadav

shri. Jose Mathew
(PGT chemistry)

Aim
DETERMINATION OF THE
QUALITY OF
TOOTHPASTE BY
DETECTING THE IONS PRESENT IN
IT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I sincerely thank our chemistry
teacher Ms Nikki Yadav for her
guidance, encouragement and
support throughout the duration of
the project. Without her motivation
and help the successful completion
of this project would not have been
possible.
I would also extend my gratitude to
the entire chemistry department of
Kendriya Vidyalaya school for their
support.
Sadhasivam
XII A

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OBJECTIVE
The goal of the project is to
determine the quality of the
toothpaste
by detecting the ions present
in the toothpaste by qualitative
analysis.

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INTRODUCTION
There’s a wide variety of toothpastes
and related products available today in
the market for oral hygiene. However,
for a common man, differentiation on
the basis of quality is really difficult
with all the fancy advertisements and
offers. A toothpaste contains a mildly
abrasive substance such as calcium
carbonate and a detergent or soap,
some sweetening agent other than
sugar and flavoring oils to make it
pleasant to taste and smell. Some
toothpastes contain fluorides which
make the enamel surface of the tooth
more resistant to bacterial activity and
act against microorganisms as a
metabolic poison. Generally, any
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standard toothpaste contains calcium

carbonate, sodium monofluoro
phosphate, sodium lauryl sulphate, zinc
sulphate, alum, some flavoring oils are
also added. This project basically deals
with the detection of various ions in
toothpaste that determine its quality,
and thus, a comparison between the
prominent toothpaste brands.

REQUIREMENTS

Toothpaste(s):
Colgate, Close-UP.
Chemicals:
Hydrochloric acid, dilute Sulphuric acid,
concentrated Sulphuric acid, Barium
chloride, Ammonium chloride,
Ammonium hydroxide, Ammonium
carbonate, Acetic acid, Nitric acid,
Silver nitrate, Calcium chloride,
Potassium Ferrocyanide, H2S gas.

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Equipments:
Test tubes, Beakers, Flasks, flame,
spatula etc.

THEORY
In qualitative analysis, the given compound is
analyzed for the radicals, that is, cations and
anions that it contains. The common procedure
of testing on unknown salt is to make its solution
and then test this solution for the ions present in
it. Then Preliminary tests such as colour, odour,
dry heating, flame test etc. are performed. These
tests are common for all samples under salt
analysis. Further, there are separate procedures
for detecting cations and anions.

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IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL

(ANION)

After the preliminary tests are over with, to

identify the anion, three indicatory tests are
carried out. They can be divided in to three
categories each with separate group reagent.
Therefore, anion may be identified by performing
the following tests in the order given. Dilute
H2SO4 test Concentrated H2SO4 test
Independent Group (SO4 2-, PO4 3-) After an
anion is indicated, confirmatory tests are carried
out, corresponding to the anion.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS

(CATION)

To identify the cations, we have been using the

flame test (a preliminary test) for indication.
Whichever cation is indicated, it is confirmed on
the basis of corresponding tests.

TESTS FOR DIFFERENT

SAMPLES
 Test on Colgate

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S.N EXPERIMEN OBSERVATI INFERENC

O T ON E
1. Preliminary
Tests
Colour white
Odour Minty smell (of
Colgate)
Dry Heating Colourless, CO3 2- may
odourless gas. be present.
Flame test Reddish Flame Ca2+ may
be present.
2. Dil H2SO4 test- Colourless, CO3 2- may
To the sample, odourless gas. be present.
add some drops
of Dil H2SO4.
3. Confirmatory
tests
To the sample A white ppt. CO3 2-
add MgSO4 confirmed
solution.
Take an O.S, add Brisk CO3 2-
dil HCl. effervescence. confirmed
4. Conc. H2SO4 No change Conc.
test- H2SO4
To the sample group
add some drops absent
of conc.H2SO4
5. Independent
tests
*For SO4 2-
To the sample White ppt. SO4 2-
add BaCl2 confirmed.
solution.
To the sample White ppt. SO4 2-
add Lead acetate confirmed.
soln.

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*For PO4 3- -
Add conc HNO3 to Deep yellow PO4 3-
O.S and boil. Add colouration confirmed.
ammonium
Molybdate soln in
excess and again
boil.

CATIONS
S.N EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI INFERENC
O ON E
6. Group-0 No change Group 0
To the sample add absent
NaOH and heat
7. Group-1 No change Group I
To the sample add absent
dilute HCl
8. Group-II No change Group II
To the above test absent
tube add H2S
9. Group-III No change Group III
To the sample add absent
NH4OH and
NH4Cl
10. Group-IV No change Group IV
To the above test absent
tube add H2S
11. Group-V A white ppt Group V
To the sample add present.
NH4OH, and
(NH4)2CO3

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solution.
Dissolve the ppt.
in CH3COOH and
divide the solution
into 3 parts.
I) To the first part No change Ba2+absent
add
K2CrO4solution
II) To the second part No change Sr2+absent
add (NH4)2SO4
III) To the third part A white ppt. Ca2+confir
add (NH4)2C2O4 med.
13. Group-VI A white ppt. Mg2+
Take the filtrate confirmed.
of above step and
add a few drops of
ammonium
oxalate solution,
boil, filter. Take
the ppt, boil, add
NH4OH and
NH4Cl in excess.
Add (NH4)2HPO4
and rub with a
glass rod.

IONS PRESENT- Mg2+, PO4 3- , Ca2+ , CO3 2-

 Test on close up
S.N EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI INFERENC
O ON E
1. Preliminary Tests
color Red

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odor Close up smell

Dry heating Suffocating SO3 2- may
smell be present.
Flame test Reddish flame May be
ca+2
2. Dil. H2SO4 Test- Colourless, SO3 2- may
To the sample, pungent smell, be present.
add Dil. H2SO4 turned acidified
K2Cr2O7
solution green.
Confirmatory
Tests
3. To the O.S add White ppt SO3 2-
BaCl2 solution. confirmed.
To the ppt from Pink colour SO3 2-
above step add discharge. confirmed.
KMnO4solution.
4. Conc. H2SO4 Test- No change Conc.
To the sample add H2SO4
conc.H2SO4 group
solution. absent

CATIONS
S.N EXPERIMEN OBSERVATIO INFERENC
o. T N E
5. Group-0 No change Group 0
To the sample absent
add NaOH and
heat
6. Group-I No change Group I
To the sample absent
add dilute HCl
7. Group-II No change Group II
To the above test absent

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tube add H2S

8. Group-III A brown ppt Group-III
To the sample
add NH4Cl, boil,
cool it, add
NH4OH in
excess.
Dissolve the ppt. Prussian blue Fe3+
in dilute HCl and colour confirmed
add Potassium
Ferrocyanide.
9. To the filtrate of No change Group IV
group-III added absent
H2S solution.
10. To the sample A white ppt. Group V
add NH4OH and present
(NH4)2CO3
solution.
Dissolved
CH3COOH and
divide into three
parts
I) To the first part No change Ba2+ absent
add K2CrO4
solution
II) To the first part No change Sr2+ absent
add K2CrO4
solution
II) To the third part A white ppt. Ca2+ present
add (NH4)2C2O4
and NH4OH

11. Group-VI Took No change Mg2+absent

the filtrate of
above step and
add a few drops
of ammonium

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oxalate solution,
boiled, filtered.
Take the ppt,
boil it, add
NH4OH and
NH4Cl in excess.
Add
(NH4)2HPO4
and rub with a
glass rod.

IONS PRESENT – SO3 2- , Fe 3+ , Ca 2+

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CONCLUSION
we see that Colgate is the best of all
toothpastes as it contains a majority of
the essential constituents (anions and
cations) of a toothpaste

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PRECAUTIONS
1. Handle the chemicals carefully.
2. Use test tube holder to hold the test
tube.
3. Never add water to conc. acids
4. Never touch any chemical with hands
directly.
5. Use a dropper for concentrated Acids.
6. Don’t smell the vapours from too
close.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. PRADEEP’S CHEMISTRY
2. BRITANNICA ENCYLOPEDIA
3. NCERT CHEMISTRY
4. GOOGLE
5. CHEMISTRY TODAY

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