‫الطب البشري‬

‫األولى‬

‫لغة ‪1‬‬

‫نظري‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﺎق‬

‫مقرر‬
‫�ﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﻣﻊ إﺿﺎﻓﺎت وأﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺟﺪ�ﺪة‬
‫�‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎ�‬
‫�‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬
MOSBY
ELSEVIER
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MOSBY'S MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY FLASH CARDS, 3RD EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-22258-7

Copyright© 2014, 2011, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier, Inc.

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ISBN:978-0-323-22258-7

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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Sleep Apnea = transient stopping of breathing during sleep
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻮم‬
 180 °

away from
�bduction

EXAMPLE abduction
(process of carrying away from)
50 °
{ab- + duct/o + -ion) Adduction
Movement of a limb away from the
body.

SPANISH abducci6n (ab-+ duct/o+ -ci6n)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Acro = “extremity”, “height” or “tip end”

extremities,
extremes
EXAMPLE acromegaly
(condition of extremities enlargement)
{aero- + -megaly)
Enlargement of the extremities, jaw, nose, and
forehead due to overproduction of growth
hormone.

SPANISH acromegalia (aero-+ -megalia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

 180 °

toward
Abduction

EXAMPLE adduction
(process of carrying toward) 50 °
{ad- + duct/o + -ion) Adduction
Movement of a limb toward the median
axis of the body.

SPANISH aducci6n (ad-+ duct/o+ -ci6n)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

other, different
EXAMPLE alloplasty
(different surgical repair)
{allo- + -plasty)
Plastic surgery in which materials foreign to the human body
are implanted.

SPANISH aloplastia (alo-+ -plastia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Allograft: The transplant of an organ or tissue from one individual
to another of the same species.
no, not, without
EXAMPLE anencephaly
(condition of no brain)
{an- + encephal/o + -y)
Congenital absence of major
portions of the brain.

SPANISH anencefalia (an- + encefal/o + -ia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

up, apart, away

EXAMPLE anatomic position
(pertaining to cutting apart)
{ana- + tom/o + -ic)
A standard position of the body: standing erect,
facing forward, feet forward and slightly apart, arms
at the sides with palms facing forward.

SPANISH posici6n anat6mica (ana- + tom/o + -ica)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

 forward, in front of
EXAMPLE anteversion
(process of bending forward)
{ante-+ -version)
An abnormal position in which
an organ is tilted acutely forward,
folded over itself.

SPANISH anteversi6n (ante-+ -version)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Antenatal = before birth.

against
EXAMPLE antibacterial
(pertaining to against living organisms)
{anti-+ bacteri/o+ -al)
A drug that prevents and treats bacterial growth.

SPANISH antibacteriano (anti-+ bacteri/o + -ano)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

 ‫�ﻌ�ﺪا ﻋﻦ‬

Apolipoproteins are proteins that bind lipids to form lipoproteins.

‫اﻟ�وﺗ�ﻨﺎت اﻟﺪﻫﻨ�ﺔ‬
� ‫� ﺑﺮوﺗ�ﻨﺎت ﺗ��ﻂ اﻟﺪﻫﻮن ﻟﺘﻜ��ﻦ‬
� ‫اﻟ�وﺗ�ﻨﺎت اﻟﺪﻫﻨ�ﺔ‬.
�

‫اﻟﺬات‬

Autoimmune disease: A disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own healthy cells.

�
‫ ﻣﺮض ﻳﻬﺎﺟﻢ ﻓ�ﻪ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ �� اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺧﻼ�ﺎە اﻟﺴﻠ�ﻤﺔ‬:‫أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺬاﺗ�ﺔ‬.
"Bi" means two, as in biceps (a muscle with two heads) or bicuspid (having two flaps or cusps).
Tachy = fast, rapid
Tachycardia = condition of rapid heart beat
Tachypnea = condition of rapid breathing
Sleep Apnea = transient stopping of breathing during sleep ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻮم‬

Bradykinesia means "slowness in movement" and is one of the main motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
� �
‫و� أﺣﺪ اﻷﻋﺮاض اﻟﺤﺮﻛ�ﺔ اﻟﺮﺋ�ﺴ�ﺔ ﻟﻤﺮض �ﺎرﻛ�ﺴﻮن‬
� "‫ﺗﻌ� "اﻟ�ﻂء �� اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
� ‫ﺑﺮاد�ﻜﻴﻨ�ﺴ�ﺎ‬
 Circumgastric refers to the area surrounding a stomach.

Contraindication means warning against a specific medicine or treatment.

� ‫ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬.
‫ﺗﻌ� اﻟﺘﺤﺬﻳﺮ ﻣﻦ دواء أو ﻋﻼج ﻣﺤﺪد‬
�
Diplopia is a condition where one perceives two images; double vision.
� �
‫ﺻﻮرﺗ�؛ رؤ�ﺔ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﻊ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ �ﺪرك ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺮء‬.
‫�ﺸ� إ� "ﻓﺼﻞ" أو "اﻧﺤﻼل‬
� "‫ واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ "ﺗﺤﻠﻞ‬،"‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ �ﺎدﺋﺔ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ �ـ "ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬."Dia"

Nevus refers to a mole which is a common pigmented skin lesion and it usually
develops during adulthood.
‫و� آﻓﺔ ﺟﻠﺪ�ﺔ ﻣﺼﻄ�ﻐﺔ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﺧﻼل ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟ�ﻠ�غ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻣﺔ‬ �‫إ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﺣ‬
‫ﻤ‬ َ �‫�ﺸ‬.
� �

Dys- is a medical prefix term that means “bad”, “difficult” or “painful”.

Dyspepsia is a mild digestive disorder characterized by stomach pain,
discomfort, heartburn, and nausea after eating.
The removal of some or all of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (bowels or viscera), usually through an
incision made across the abdominal area.

‫ﺗﺨﻄ�ﻂ ﺻﺪى اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬

"ec" means = out
"tropia" means = to turn

"en" means = in
"tropia" means = to turn
The term [endarterectomy] is composed by the prefix [end-] (sometimes
used as [endo]), meaning "inner" or "internal";
the root term [-arter-], meaning "artery", and
the suffix [-ectomy] meaning "removal" or "excision".

Epi = above, surrounding

Epidermis = outer parts of skin
Epicardium = layer of tissue immediately surrounding the heart (part of
pericardium), the outermost layer of the heart wall.
 "eso" means = inward
"tropia" means = to turn
Esotropia is defined as misalignment of eyes, in which one eye deviates towards the nose.
� � � � �
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨ� ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﻧﻒ‬ ‫ ﺣ�ﺚ ﺗﻨﺤﺮف إﺣﺪى‬،�‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨ‬ ‫اﻹ�� ﻋ� أﻧﻪ اﺧﺘﻼل �� ﻣﺤﺎذاة‬
� ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌ��ﻒ اﻟﺤﻮل‬.

Eupnea = normal breathing

Eupepsia = state of normal or good digestion
 -osis = a diseased condition
e.g. Tuberculosis, Nephrosis , Neurosis, Cirrhosis, Atherosclerosis,
Acidosis, Fibrosis

Osteosarcoma is a cancerous tumor in the bone.

In extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), blood is pumped outside

the body to a heart-lung machine that removes carbon dioxide and sends
oxygen-filled blood back to tissues in the body.
The cerebral hemisphere consists of the right and left halves of the
cerebrum.

homogenous = having uniform properties

‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎ�ﺴﺔ = ﻟﻬﺎ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻮﺣﺪة‬
Hyper- means “high, above normal”, therm means “heat”.
Hyperthermia is an abnormally elevated body temperature

Hyp(o)- means “low, below normal”,

therm means “heat”, -ia means "condition".
Hypothermia = abnormally low body temperatures
The prefix "in-" means "not" + the word "somnus" means "sleep"

Infra- means “below”, clavicul is a word root that pertains to the

“clavicle” or “collar bone”.
The infraclavicular fossa is located below the clavicle.
Intercellular = between cells
Intercostals = muscles that occupy the spaces between the ribs

The interatrial septum is the wall between the atria of the heart.
� � � � ‫اﻷذﻳﻨ� ﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﺪار‬
� � � � ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ‬.
‫اﻷذﻳﻨ� �� اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
� �‫ﺑ‬ �‫ﺑ‬

Intracellular = inside cells

Intraperitoneal = an injection given into the abdominal cavity
Intramuscular injection = an injection given inside the muscles
Levorotation (turning or twisting to the left). The opposite of levo- is dextro-.
Macr(o)- means “large”, -cyte is a suffix term that pertains to “cell”.
Macrocytes = uncommonly large red blood cells that are seen in with
pernicious anemia.

Lingual or Gossal = “tongue”

Sublingual = Under the tongue

‫أ�ﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ أو اﻟﺴ�ﻄﺮة‬

The term -stasis means "to control” or “to stop” .

Hemostasis is the process that causes to stop the bleeding from a
blood vessel.
Microbiology = the scientific study of microorganisms (small life form)

Leuk(o)- is a prefix that means “white”, and -cyte is a suffix that means “cell”.
Leukocytes = white blood cells
Prenatal = before the time of birth
Postnatal = after the birth

thrombotic = the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel

endocardium = the inside lining of the heart
 Oxytocin is a natural hormone that stimulates uterine contractions in
childbirth and lactation after childbirth.
‫ﻃﺒ�� �ﺤﻔﺰ اﻧﻘ�ﺎﺿﺎت اﻟﺮﺣﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻮﻻدة واﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ �ﻌﺪ‬ � �
‫اﻷوﻛﺴ�ﺘﻮﺳ� ﻫﻮ ﻫﺮﻣﻮن‬
�
‫اﻟﻮﻻدة‬.

Pancytopenia is the condition when a person has low amounts of

red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in their blood.
Para- means “near”, “apart from” or “abnormal” .

"��‫ﻃﺒ‬
� �‫"ﻏ‬
� ‫"ﻗ��ﺐ" أو "��ف اﻟﻨﻈﺮ" أو‬.

Parathyroid = gland beside the thyroid

Paranasal = near the nasal cavity
Per- means “through”, cutane is a word root for “skin”, -ous is a suffix that
means “pertaining to”.

Pericostal refers to the area surrounding a rib.

Posterior = near the backend or tail
Posteroanterior = from the back to the front
Pro- is a prefix term that refers to “before”, and -ptosis refers to
“prolapse” or “drooping”.

Proptosis (exophthalmos) is the protrusion of the eyeball.

� � ‫ﻴﻨ� ﻫﻮ ﻧﺘﻮء ﻣﻘﻠﺔ‬
�‫اﻟﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺟ ُﺤ ْﻮظ‬.
� � ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ
Quadriceps = a great extensor muscle of the leg, situated in the
thigh and divided into four distinct portions
The term Retrograde Amnesia refers to a condition in which a person cannot
recall memories that occurred prior to the event that caused the amnesia.
�
�‫اﻟ‬
� ‫اﻟﺮﺟ� إ� ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻻ �ﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﺬﻛ��ﺎت‬
� ‫�ﺸ� ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺬا�ﺮة‬
�
�
‫ﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﻗ�ﻞ اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﺬي �ﺴ�ﺐ �� ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺬا�ﺮة‬.

The subcutaneous layer refers to the fatty layer under the skin.
The suprarenal glands, also known as the adrenal glands, are small glands on
top of the kidneys.

“syn”, means together, and “dactylos”, means digits (fingers or toes).

 rapid, fast
EXAMPLE tachypnea
(condition of rapid breathing)
(tachy- + -pnea)
An abnormally rapid rate of breathing (more than 20 breaths per
minute in adults).

SPANISH taquipnea (taqui- + -pnea)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

four
EXAMPLE tetralogy of Fallot Pulmonic -++-....:....+
stenosis
(the study of four)
(tetra- + -logy) Ventricular
septal
A congenital cardiac anomaly that Right ' defect
consists of four defects of the heart. ventricular
hypertrophy

SPANISH tetralogia de Fa/lot (tetra- + -logia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards
Transdermal means the application of a medicine or drug through the skin. A
transdermal drug is placed on top of the skin, where it is absorbed into the
bloodstream. For example, nicotine patch to stop smoking or hormones patch for
contraception. �
‫ ﺣ�ﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻣﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ‬،‫ﻋ� اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
� ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺪواء‬.‫�ﻌ� ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ دواء أو دواء ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
� ‫ﻋ� اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬
�
� � � � �
‫اﻟﺘﺪﺧ� أو رﻗﻌﺔ اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ�ﻜﻮﺗ� ﻟﻺﻗﻼع ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ ﻟﺼﻘﺔ‬،‫ ﻋ� ﺳ��ﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫� ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺪم‬. �
A single-celled organism is considered unicellular.
Cephal is a word root that pertains to “head”, -algia is a suffix
that refers to “pain”.

Analgesia means not being able to feel pain.

An- is a prefix term that refers to “not” or “without”, and -algesia refers to
“pain”.
The procedure of amniocentesis is the surgical puncture of the amniotic sac
to extract amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman.
‫اﻷﻣﻨﻴﻮ� ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮأة اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬
� ‫ﺟﺮا� ﻟﻠ��ﺲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮي ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
� ‫إﺟﺮاء ﺑﺰل اﻟﺴ� ﻫﻮ ﺛﻘﺐ‬.
An extracellular term refers to something occurring or found outside a cell.
Extrahepatic = Located outside the liver
The chorion is the membrane that surrounds an embryo in fetal development. When an egg is
fertilized, an embryo develops within the maternal uterus. Two membranes surround the fetus: the
outer chorion and the inner amnion, which together form the amniotic sac.
� �
‫اﻟﺠﻨ� داﺧﻞ‬ � �
‫ ﻳﺘﻄﻮر‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺼ�ﺐ اﻟﺒ��ﻀﺔ‬.�‫اﻟﺠﻨ‬ � �
‫�ﺎﻟﺠﻨ� أﺛﻨﺎء ﻧﻤﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ�ﻤﺎء ﻫﻮ اﻟﻐﺸﺎء اﻟﺬي �ﺤ�ﻂ‬
� � �
‫ اﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ �ﺸ�ﻼن ﻣﻌﺎ اﻟ��ﺲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮي‬،�‫اﻟﺪاﺧ‬
� � �
�‫اﻟﺨﺎر� واﻟﺴ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﺸ�ﻤﺎء‬:‫�ﺎﻟﺠﻨ� ﻏﺸ�ﺎن‬ ‫ �ﺤ�ﻂ‬.‫رﺣﻢ اﻷم‬.
"Hydro" means “water”, and "-cele" refers to “hernia” or “swelling”.
A hydrocele is an abnormal accumulation of fluids in a specific area of the
body, especially in the membranes around a testicle.

The procedure of amniocentesis is the surgical puncture of the amniotic

sac to extract amniotic fluid from a pregnant woman.

Thoracentesis is a procedure that is performed to remove extra fluid or air

from the thoracic cavity
Achalasia is a condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the
esophagus fail to relax, so food cannot pass into the stomach.

Hemato = Blood; Chezia = To defecate (‫)ﻳﺘﻐﻮط‬

“Cytoclasis” = breaking or destruction of the cells

Osteosarcoma is cancer (tumor) in the bone.

Adipocytes = Fat cells which store fat in them
Cytoplasm = It is the gelatinous liquid which fills inside the cell
Cytotoxic = Anything toxic to living cells. For example, cytotoxic drugs
Granulocytes = white blood cells with secretory granules in their
cytoplasm (neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil)

= Erythrocyte (RBC)

Leukocytes = white blood cells (WBCs)

Lymphocytes = These are white blood cells that help the body fight infection
and disease
Melanocytes = pigment cells that produce melanin and they are found in the
epidermal layer of the skin
Pericardiodesis: A procedure involving the fusion (‫ )اﻧﺪﻣﺎج‬of
layers of the pericardium

Pleurodesis: The surgical procedure in which the visceral and

parietal pleura around the lungs are fused together and the
pleural space is eliminated.
‫اﻟﺠﺮا� اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓ�ﻪ دﻣﺞ ﻏﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺤﺸﻮي واﻟﺠﺪاري‬
� ‫ اﻹﺟﺮاء‬:‫اﻟﺘﺼﺎق اﻟﺠﻨ�ﺔ‬
�‫اﻟﺠﻨ‬ � �‫اﻟﺮﺋﺘ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎ و�زاﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬ � � ‫ﺣﻮل‬.
��
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Polyuria refers to excessive production of urine. Polyuria is

one of the symptoms of diabetes.
"Cardiodynia” refers to pain in the heart.
"Lumbodynia" means lower back pain.
"Odontodynia" refers to a toothache.

Atelectasis: The atelectasis of the lung is a complete or partial

collapse of the whole lung or a lobe.
�
‫ﺟﺰ� ﻟﻠﺮﺋﺔ �ﺄ�ﻤﻠﻬﺎ أو ﻟﻔﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺋﺔ‬
� ‫اﻧﺨﻤﺎص اﻟﺮﺋﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻧﻬ�ﺎر �ﺎﻣﻞ أو‬.
Lobectomy = A surgically procedure in which a lobe is removed from
an organ like the lung or the brain.
Tonsillectomy = surgical removal of the tonsils.
Cholecystectomy = surgical removal of the gall bladder

Pulmonary edema = swelling in the lungs

Pedal edema = swelling in the feet

Lymph is the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system,

Angioedema: Swelling of the lower layers of the skin, often around

the mouth, or of the mucosa or submucosa of the mouth or throat.
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎ� أو ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃ�ﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻢ أو اﻟﺤﻠﻖ‬ � ،‫ﺗﻮرم اﻟﻄ�ﻘﺎت اﻟﺴﻔﻠ�ﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ‬.
‫ أو اﻟﻐﺸﺎء‬،‫ﻏﺎﻟ�ﺎ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﻢ‬
�
Hyperemesis: A condition characterized by excessive vomiting.

Hypoxemia = deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Hypoglycemia = Low levels of glucose in the blood
Azotemia = Abnormal accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the
blood
Acidemia = abnormal increase in acidity of the blood
 ‫اﻟﺘﺒﻮل اﻟﻼإرادي �ﺎﻟﺨﺼﻮص إﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻮم‬

DIURESIS is an increased excretion of urine.

DIURETIC = A substance or drug that tends to increase the
discharge of urine. Diuretics are used in the treatment of high
blood pressure, edema, and other medical conditions.
Carcinoma = a cancerous tumor
The term "gravida" refers to a pregnant female.
A "nulligravida" is a female who has never been pregnant.
A "primigravida" is a female who is pregnant for the first time or
has been pregnant once.
For example, GRAVIDA 4 = a woman who had 3 previous
pregnancies and she is pregnant now.
Nephrolithiasis: The condition of having kidney stones.
Lithotripsy: Litho = “stone”; -tripsy = “crushing or breaking up”.
Lithotripsy is a treatment that involves shock waves that break up
kidney and ureter stones into small pieces that can be excreted
through the urine.
The parotid gland is the largest of the three major salivary
glands.
pertaining to
EXAMPLE anterior
(pertaining to the front)
{anter/o + -ior)
The front of a structure.

SPANISH anterior (anter/o + -ior)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Hypersplenism: A condition of splenomegaly or

enlarged spleen
condition, state of

Normal spleen Spllenomegaly

1rADAM.
Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the
brain's ability to control sleep-wake cycles. A person may fall
asleep unexpectedly.
�
�� ‫ﻋﺼ� ﻣﺰﻣﻦ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋ� ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ ﻋ� اﻟﺘﺤ�ﻢ‬
�� ‫اﻟﺨﺪار ﻫﻮ اﺿﻄﺮاب‬
‫ﻏ� ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
� ‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺎم اﻟﺸﺨﺺ �ﺸ�ﻞ‬.‫دورات اﻟﻨﻮم واﻻﺳ��ﻘﺎظ‬.

"spondylo" means spine (vertebrae)

"listhesis" means slippage (‫)اﻧﺰﻻق‬
This word has three combined roots.
[Chol-] or [chole-] meaning "bile"
[-doch-] meaning "duct"
[-lithotomy], meaning "surgical removal of stone"
The initial two combined roots [choledoch-] mean "bile duct."
Chrom- is a prefix that means “color” or “pigment”, onych is a word
root that pertains to “nail”, -ia is a suffix that refers to “condition”.

Chromonychia. An abnormality in the color of the nail

The medical suffix term -necrosis refers to “death of tissue”.

Osteonecrosis occurs when the blood supply to part of a bone
is disrupted and the bone dies and the joint collapses.
‫اﻟﻌﻈ� ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺪم إ� ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﻢ و�ﻤﻮت اﻟﻌﻈﻢ و�ﻨﻬﺎر اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫�‬ ‫‪�.‬ﺤﺪث اﻟﻨﺨﺮ‬

‫‪Hepatomegaly is the enlargement of the liver.‬‬

tympanic membrane = eardrum

spir/o or respir/o mean “breathing”

Fiber can be characterized as any elongated, thread-like
structure.

Neuroblastoma = a malignant tumor (‫ )ورم ﺧﺒ�ﺚ‬made up of

immature nerve cells
Nearsightedness (myopia) makes far-away objects look
blurry.
Farsightedness (hyperopia) makes nearby objects look blurry.
Orexia = appetite or desire
Parity refers to the number of times a woman has given
birth to a fetus who is 24 weeks or older. This is whether
the child is alive or dead.

Nullipara = woman has never given birth to a child, or has

never carried a pregnancy
A hemiparesis is a weakness of muscles on just one side of the body.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition that occurs when the platelet
count in your blood is too low. Platelets are tiny blood cells that
are made in the bone marrow from larger cells. When you are
injured, platelets stick together to form a plug to seal your
wound. This plug is called a blood clot.

�
‫� ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ �ﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣ��ﺔ �� اﻟﺪم‬ � ‫اﻟﺼﻔ�ﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺔ‬
� � �
‫ﺻﻐ�ة ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼ��ﻌﻬﺎ �� ﻧﺨﺎع‬
� ‫� ﺧﻼ�ﺎ دﻣ��ﺔ‬� ‫ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣ��ﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺎ ﺟﺪا‬
�‫ ﺗﻠﺘﺼﻖ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ اﻟﺪﻣ��ﺔ ﻣﻌﺎ‬،‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻺﺻﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬.��‫أ‬
� ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼ�ﺎ‬
‫ �ﺴ� ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﺟﻠﻄﺔ دﻣ��ﺔ‬.‫ﻟ�ﺸ�ﻞ ﺳﺪادة ﻹﻏﻼق اﻟﺠ�ح‬.
Claustrophobia = fear of enclosed spaces like MRI machines
Hemophobia = fear of blood
‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎ�ﺔ‬
rhytido = wrinkles
plasty = grafting or formation of a specific body part
blepharo = eyelid; -ptosis = drooping
hem-, meaning blood; -ptysis, meaning spitting

‫اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﺪم = ﻧﺰف‬

The term "herniorrhaphy" comes from hernio-, referring to a
hernia + t rhaphe = putting a seam (or suture) in a hernia.

‫ﻗﻠﺔ اﻟﺤ�ﺾ‬
The medical suffix term -rrhexis pertains to “rupture”

Amniorrhexis is when the amniotic sac (‫ )اﻟ��ﺲ اﻟﺴﻠﻮي‬ruptures

during pregnancy.
athero = “fatty plaque”
Ototoxicity = toxicity to the ears = happens when a person develops
hearing or balance problems due to a medicine
Bronchospasm is difficulty breathing caused by contractions of
smooth muscle around the bronchial tubes and bronchioles.
Peri- is a prefix term that denotes “around”, and -stalsis
pertains to “contraction”.
In the digestive system, peristalsis occurs when waves of muscle
contractions move food.
 -stenosis = narrowing or tightening

Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or more arteries

that carry blood to the kidneys (renal arteries).

mys = "muscle"
astheneia = "weakness"
gravis = "serious"
-ostomy or -stomy is a medical suffix term for “surgically
creating a hole”.
 The medical suffix term -tocia pertains to “labor” or “birth” .

Atocia refers to a woman’s inability to conceive or give birth to a

child.

Microtome is a piece of equipment that makes tissue slices that are super
thin.

"Laparo" is a combining form for “abdomen” or “abdominal”, -tomy is a

suffix that refers to “surgical incision”.
Laparotomy is a surgery to get into the abdominal cavity by making an
incision in the abdominal wall.
Orchiopexy is a surgery designed to move and/or permanently fix a testicle
into the scrotum.
adeno = “gland”
Adenoids are a patch of tissue located behind the nose in the throat.
The alimentary canal, (Latin term meaning nourishment), is also known as
the digestive tract or gastrointestinal tract. It begins at the mouth, ends at
the anus, and includes all of the structures in between including: pharynx,
esophagus, stomach.
"Amblyopia" is made up of:
ambly- = blunt, dull, faint, or dim
-opia = vision
Amblyopia (also called lazy eye) is a type of poor vision that usually
happens in just 1 eye but less commonly in both eyes.
ankylo = “stiff” or “bent”

Ankylosing Spondylitis = the disease causes your spine to stiffen because

of inflammation of the joints
Ankylosing = stiffening;
Spondylitis = inflammation of the spine (spinal vertebrae)
Stomat = “mouth”
-itis = “inflammation”
 ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻇﻠ�ﻞ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ‬

arteriole: a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.

azoto = “urea” or “nitrogen”

Azotemia = Elevated levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds

in the blood
cirrh(o)- is a medical prefix term that pertains to color “yellow”.
Cirrhosis = a condition in which the liver becomes scarred and
permanently damaged

blephar/o = “eyelid”
Buccal region refers to the cheeks.
Posterobuccal refers to the posterior or back part of the cheek.

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that cushions a joint. When a bursa becomes

inflamed, the condition is known as bursitis.
Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot) is a common fungal skin infection of the
feet.
Capnography: Monitoring of the concentration of exhaled carbon
dioxide in patients with acute respiratory problems
Cauda equina syndrome occurs when the nerve roots in the lumbar
spine are compressed, cutting off sensation and movement.

ta i I
EXAMPLE cauda equina
(pertaining to the tail)
{caud/o + -a)
The lower end of the spinal cord at the first
lumbar vertebra and the bundle of lumbar,
sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots that emerge
from the spinal cord.

SPANISH cauda equina (caud/o + -a)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

burning
EXAMPLE cauterization
(the process of burning)
{cauter/i + -ization)
The process of burning a part of the body
by cautery.

SPANISH cauterizaci6n (cauter/i + -izaci6n)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Cauterization: The action of burning body tissue using heat or a chemical, to
stop an injury from bleeding or getting infected, or to remove harmful cells
Cheilitis is the inflammation of the lips.
choledoch/= “common bile duct”
 ‫ورم ﺧﺒ�ﺚ �� �‬
‫ﻏ�وف اﻟﻌﻈﺎم‬ ‫�‬
The choroid is the layer of blood vessels and connective tissue between
the white of the eye and retina.
Chyme is defined as a mixture of partially digested food and digestive
juices that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion.
Cochlea is a spiral-shaped cavity that forms a part of the inner ear.
Conio = dust
Anisocoria is a term derived from two Greek words, “aniso-”
meaning unequal, “kore” meaning pupil, and a Latin suffix “ia”
meaning abnormal condition.
skull
EXAMPLE cranial cavity
(pertaining to the cranium)
(cran i/o + -al) Parietal
The space or hollow within the skull. bone
Occipital bone

SPANISH cavidad craneal (crane/a + -al}

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

leg
EXAMPLE tinea cruris
(structure of a leg)
(cru r/o + -is)
Fungal infection on a leg.

SPANISH tinea cruris (crur/o + -is)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

extreme cold
EXAMPLE cryotherapy
(treatment using extreme cold)
{cry/o + -therapy)
A treatment using cold as a
destructive medium.

SPANISH crioterapia (cri/o + -terapia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

hidden
EXAMPLE cryptorchidism ‫اﻟﺨﺼ�ﺔ اﻟﺨﻔ�ﺔ‬
(condition of a hidden testicle)
(crypt/o + orchid/a + -ism)
A defect in which one or both testicles fail
to descend into the scrotum.

SPANISH criptorquidia (cript- + orquid/o + -ia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

 cul-de-sac (rectourine pouch)
Cul-de-sac
EXAMPLE culdoscopy
(process of viewing the
rectouterine pouch)
(culd/o + -scopy)

r
The process of using an endoscope
with an attached light to examine
the pelvic viscera.

SPANISH culdoscopia (culd/o + -scopia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

The word culdoscopy is derived from the term cul-de-sac, which means
literally in French "bottom of a sac", and refers to the rectouterine pouch.

skin
EXAMPLE cutaneous horn
(pertaining to the skin)
(cutane/o + -ous)
A hard, skin-colored projection of
the epidermis, usually on the head
or face.

SPANISH cuerno cutane/o (cutane/o + -o)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

Cystitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder.
Dacryo- (tear), -cysto (bladder), -cele (rupture or hernia)
In this disease, there is complete obstruction of the lacrimal duct.
�
‫�� ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺮض ﻫﻨﺎك ا�ﺴﺪاد �ﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺪﻣﻌ�ﺔ‬
A diverticulum usually forms when the weak spots in your colon (large
intestine) give way due to pressure. As a result, small pouches protrude
through the colon wall.

� � ً
،‫ وﻧ��ﺠﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺗﺘﻼ� اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻌ�ﻔﺔ �� اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮن �ﺴ�ﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻳ�ﺸ�ﻞ اﻟﺮﺗﺞ ﻋﺎدة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺻﻐ�ة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺟﺪار اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮن‬� ‫�ﺗ�ز أ��ﺎس‬
Ectopic: In the wrong place, out of place. For example, an ectopic
kidney is a kidney that is not in the usual 'location.
epididymis
EXAMPLE epididymitis
(inflammation of the epididymis)
(epididym/o + -itis)
Inflammation of the epididymis, usually
as a result of a bacterial infection.

SPANISH epididimitis (epididim/o + -itis)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

epiglottis
EXAMPLE epiglottitis
(inflammation of the epiglottis)
(epiglott/o + -itis)
An inflammation of the epiglottis,
common in children.

SPANISH epiglotitis (epiglot/o + -itis)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards
vulva
EXAMPLE episiotomy
(incision of the vulva)
(episi/o + -tomy)
A surgical procedure in which an
incision is made in a woman's
perineum to enlarge her vaginal
opening for delivery.

SPANISH episiotomia (episi/o + -tomia)

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

epithelium
EXAMPLE epithelial
(pertaining to the epithelium)
(epitheli/o + -al)
Pertaining to or involving the outer
layer of skin.
Stratified epithelium

SPANISH epitelial (epiteli/o + -al}

Mosby's Medical Terminology Flash Cards

An escharotomy is a surgical procedure used to treat full-thickness
burns. In full-thickness burns, both the epidermis and the dermis
are destroyed along with sensory nerves in the dermis. Eschar is
the tough leathery tissue remaining after a full-thickness burn.
Spinal anesthesia involves the injection of numbing
medicine directly into the fluid sac. Epidurals involve the
injection into the space outside the sac (epidural space).