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Full Download Physical Chemistry 2nd Edition Ball Solutions Manual PDF Full Chapter
Full Download Physical Chemistry 2nd Edition Ball Solutions Manual PDF Full Chapter
Full Download Physical Chemistry 2nd Edition Ball Solutions Manual PDF Full Chapter
0.1202T
q 1.61moles 56.99T 8.03103 J
2 298
10 10
Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2
2 2
Since all of the kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, we can say that:
KE m c T
J
3.0 103 J 6.0 10 2 g 2.06 (T )
gK
T 0.024K
2.16. First, calculate the energy needed to warm the water by 1.00ºC:
q = mcT = (1.00105 g)(4.18 J/gK)(1.00 K) = 4.18105 J
Now, determine how many drops of a 20.0 kg weight falling 2.00 meters in gravity will
yield that much energy. The amount of energy in one drop is
mgh = (20.0 kg)(9.81 m/s2)(2.00 m) = 392.4 J. Therefore,
4.18 105 J
# drops 1065 drops .
392.4 J/drop
2.18. True. As the gas expands, the average distance between molecules increases. For a real
gas, work must be done to increase this distance due to intermolecular attractive forces
between the gas molecules.
2.20. The major inaccuracy is the omission of the phrase “for an isolated system”, since for
non-isolated systems energy can move in or out, giving the impression that that energy is
created and/or destroyed. Can you find other inaccuracies?
2.22. q = -124.0 J
1 atm 1L
w pext V (1550 torr)(119 mL - 377 0.526 L atm
760 torr 1000 mL
mL)
101.32 J
w = 0.526 L atm = +53.3 J
1 L atm
Vf 10 L
2.24. Reversibly: w nRT ln (1mol)(8.314J/mol K)(298.0 K)ln 5705 J
Vi 1.0 L
101.32 J
Irreversibly: w p ext V (1.00 atm)(10L -1.0 L) 912 J
1 L atm
11 11
Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2
The reversible work is much larger than the irreversible work. This is one numerical
example of the concept that the maximum amount of work is obtained by a reversible
process.
12 12
Instructor’s Manual Chapter 2
2.26. If any change in a system is isothermal, then the change in U must be zero. It doesn’t
matter if the process is adiabatic or not!
2.28. Of the two distances mentioned, the 9-mile distance between the two cities is analogous
to a state function, because that distance is independent of how a trip is actually traveled
between the two cities.
2.30. The keys to this problem are the stated conditions. If the processes are adiabatic, then q =
0. If the initial and final temperatures are the same, then U = 0. By the first law of
thermodynamics, if U and q are 0, then w = 0 as well. While these values fit the
conditions of the problem, do you think that a piston can even work under such
conditions? Probably not.
2.32. First, we should determine the number of moles of gas in the cylinder. Assuming the
ideal gas law holds:
pV (172 atm)(80.0 L)
pV nRT can be rearranged to n
RT L atm
(0.08205 )(20.0 273.15 K)
mol K
n 572 mol N 2 gas
pi p f
(a) The final pressure can be determined using Charles’ law:
Ti Tf
piT f (172 atm)(140.0 273.15 K)
pf 242 atm
pf
Ti (20.0 273.15 K)
(b) w = 0 since the volume of the tank does not change.
q = nܥ T = (572 mol)(21.0 J/molK)(140.0ºC – 20.0ºC) = 1.44106 J
U = q + w = 1.44106 J + 0 = 1.44106 J.
V J 0.10 L
2.34. w nRT ln f (0.505 mol)(8.314 )(5.0 273.15 K) ln 2689 J
Vi mol K 1.0 L
q = -2690 J (given)
U = q + w = -2690 J + 2689 J = -1 J
H = U + (pV) Since the process occurs at constant temperature, Boyle’s law applies
and (pV) = 0. Therefore, H = -1 J.
13 13
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virtues of the “Elixir,” systematically purging the system of those
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1. The following table exhibits the ages of three hundred and twenty-six
females, at which they began to menstruate. It is furnished me by Mr. Robertson,
in the North of England Medical and Surgical Journal.
To this list may be added the case related by Madame Boivin, in her account of
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years of age, and did so regularly after her tenth year.
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much beyond their ordinary period, and where, after ceasing some time, they were
resumed with their accustomed regularity; but we shall limit our observations to
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in the Ann. Univ. de Med. A female aged ninety-four continued to menstruate from
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longevity; she is at present in perfect health.—American Journal of the Medical
Sciences for Feb. 1831.
3. Diaphoretic Powder.
38. Some German poet, whose name has escaped me, says,
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