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 Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
AIM..................................................................................................................................................3
OBJECTIVES..................................................................................................................................4
WHAT IS IOT.................................................................................................................................4
EXPLORE VARIES FORMS OF IOT FUNCTIONALITY..........................................................4
Health...........................................................................................................................................4
Agriculture...................................................................................................................................5
Transportation..............................................................................................................................5
Manufacturing..............................................................................................................................5
BLOCK DIAGRAM........................................................................................................................5
DATA COLLECTION....................................................................................................................6
Sensors.........................................................................................................................................6
Actuators......................................................................................................................................7
DATA TRANSMITTING...............................................................................................................7
DATA ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................7
REPORTING...................................................................................................................................7
REQUIRED COMPONENTS.........................................................................................................7
FEASIBILITY STUDY...................................................................................................................8
Legal............................................................................................................................................8
Economical..................................................................................................................................8
Environmental..............................................................................................................................8
Ethical..........................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS.........................................................................................................9
APPENDIXES.................................................................................................................................9
Literature Review........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

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ABSTRACT
IoT is a smart modern technology which can predict lots of benefits to the world. Waste landfills
in the municipal area is a one of the major problems today we are facing as Sri Lankan. This
reason cause to directly to the air pollution. Through the IoT smart waste management system
Interduce a management system to segregate the disposal garbage as wet and dry waste. Also, it
measures the waste level in each dustbin and monitor the daily, monthly, annual garbage store.
Through that able to predict some prediction also. Using sensors, we collect data and sent these
data to Adafruit IOT online platform analyze and predict some factors. Implementing this
system, it will reduce the air pollution, will increase the public health and also will able to
improved quality of life.
Keywords - IoT

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays because of the human begin actives environment pollution increase day by day. It
returned lots of bad side effects to the entire world. Hence people behavior air pollution takes a
major part in the environment pollution. Waste landfills into municipal area is a caused both to
air pollution and to soil pollution.

In Sri Lanka government don’t have a proper management system to collect garbage and to store
garbage in around the country. As a result of that lots of dumpsters piled up in the urban/
municipal areas day by day like mountains. That will cause to directly to air pollution, for the
sanitation and for the health of Sri Lankan. In other side government also have failed to recycle
that garbage properly and the segregation function they have to do in manually. It takes lot of
time and honestly that is not an effective way at all.

If government able to segregate unorganized waste appropriately it will be easy to recycle and
reprocess the waste in suitable ways.

So, I would like to introduce a smart Iot system to manage waste in municipal areas. Through
that environment friendly waste management system, I hope to segregate the dumpster as wet
and dry waste. That separation model helps to disposal garbage in effective ways and efficiently.
Also here have an additional function to monitor each dumpster individually for the amount of
waste store without having people manually. As well as plan to analyze amount of the waste
which collect daily, monthly, annually and predict some prediction. Also, to take some actions to
reduce disposal waste in to the urban area.

AIM

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Using IOT smart system segregate the dumpster as wet and dry waste and disposal these two
types of waste properly and the monitor the garbage stock daily, monthly and annually.

OBJECTIVES

 Measure the level of the waste in the two dumpsters.

 Separate waste as wet and dry.

 When the containers are full then an alert message should send from the dumpster.

 Monitor the daily garbage store.

 Reduce environmental impacts.

 Predict some valuable factors

WHAT IS IOT
Objects, animals or people as a global network interacting with each other. Mainly IoT driven by
as combination of sensors, actuators, connectivity, people and processers.

EXPLORE VARIES FORMS OF IOT FUNCTIONALITY

Health
Using IoT technology in health care has been taking lots of valuable advantages. To measure the
health condition and activities, use sensor network devices such as heart rate monitors, pulse
oximeters, blood pressure monitors, pedometers, smartwatches, smartphone apps and exchanging
data which taken from these devices. We can analyze that data and can predict what kind of
disease having with patients. Like chronic kidney disease etc. That will able to improve the
quality of patients’ life. And also, Under the specialist to perform surgery, we can use robotic
technology.

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Agriculture
Nowadays in the agriculture field every data can collect in two major ways using IoT. First one
is using through multifunctional imaginary devices equipped with remote sensing platforms such
as satellites, agriculture airplanes, balloons, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The second
one installs the various sensors in different sites across the farmland. Diversified sensors have to
measure the humidity, temperature, nitrate levels etc. We can predict lot of prediction and can
use these data to increase the growing of the agriculture filed.

Transportation
We can see a huge development in the transportation field with the IoT nowadays. The hardware,
software, networking, sensors, and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are included in smart
transportation with the IoT.
In IoT Advanced Traffic Management Systems will help to reduce the traffic and CO2 releases
into the environment. Fleet management (from rental cars to freight transport) support
communication with the global network through mobile phone and that location system helps to
increase customer service and productivity.

Manufacturing
In the manufacturing field automotive, chemical and petrochemical, oil and gas,
pharmaceuticals, aerospace, and defense mining come under the smart manufacturing areas.
Within these IoT application areas, digital technologies use to move toward resource-saving and
more efficient manufacturing. As an example, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and prescriptive
analytics will enable automated help to the decision-making at the network's topological edge to
allow for timely maintenance and a longer system lifecycle while simultaneously maximizing
overall production.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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DATA COLLECTION

According to my system data collection will be done by the Arduino uno platform and 8 sensors.
And also use 3 actuators such as one Buzzer, DC motor and two LED.

Sensors
 Lid open/ close sensor -
 2 Ultrasonic sensors – to measure the waste level in two waste bins.
 IR sensor – recognize dry waste
 2 Moisture sensors – one sensor to grasp as wet waste and other sensor to find out is there
any leakages in the wet bin.
 Gas sensor – measure the gas quality in the wet bin.

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Actuators
 Dc motor
 Buzzer
 2 LED

DATA TRANSMITTING
The data which we collected from the sensors, transmissions the data through the Ethernet shield
to the cloud platform Adafruit IO. Here we use MQTT protocol and TCP/IP to transmit data.
From the Adafruit IO we can collect data to analyze data as we want.

DATA ANALYSIS
Here we analyze the data using Power BI tool. We measure the waste level of two disbands in
every time. Also, we can get the daily report of garbage. Collecting daily garbage reports we can
analyze monthly and yearly how much waste will be collected as well how many wet and dry
garbage will be collected through the month and year. Not only that using these analyzed data we
can predict some prediction also.

REPORTING
The data which we analyzed will be saved in the Adafruit online platform.
Daily, Monthly and yearly comparison of the waste store will be display in separate dashboard.
When wet and dry dustbin get full the message will be sent to the responsible person.

REQUIRED COMPONENTS

Component Information
Arduino uno Microcontroller
Lid open/ close
sensor
HCSR04 ultrasonic uses sonar to determine distance to an object. Sensing range is 2cm
sensor to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet.
IR sensor module detects an object in front of it and the green indicator light
will be on and the output pin goes low
Moisture sensor DC 3.3-12V wide working voltage, digital analog signal dual
output ideal
Gas sensor suitable for ammonia, sulfur, and other harmful gas detection. Gas-
sensitive element test concentration range is10 to 1000pp
Dc motor Use to segregate wet and dry waste
Buzzer

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LED Radial type
LCD monitor Contains Analog interface with 20*4 display

FEASIBILITY STUDY
Legal
According to the current laws in Sri Lanka collection and the disposal responsibilities of garbage
have under the municipal council (as the per the municipal councils’ ordinance 1947), urban
council (urban councils’ ordinance 1939) or local council (Prasheshiya sabha Act 1987). Also,
there are some responsible institutes as well as Ministry of Local government, Ministry of
Mahaweli Development and ministry of Megapolis together with central environmental
Authority.
However, until the last 20 years up to now government doesn’t come up with an effective and
smart project to manage the waste. Still government looking for a distinctive, beneficial way to
disposal waste.
So, easily we can implement our eco-friendly, productive system without any obstacle and legal
issues under the government permission.

Economical
This system going to give a smart solution for a major existing problem in Sri Lanka. Through
this project we can gain lots of benefits to the country. So that their will be lots of holders to
sponsor and to help for this. So, there will be no any economic issues.

Environmental
Here we built a full environment friendly waste management system. Hence, we never use any
environment harmful appliances and things in this project. Through this project we attempt to
reduce air pollution and we make a healthy environment also. Through this we will hope to
increase the quality of the environment and to make a better environment and more than present
without any doubt.

Ethical
To this system we are not going to collect any kind of sensitive data from the people. Only we
gathered data about the garbage and the waste level of the dustbins. So, there will be not
occurred any ethical issues through this project.

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CONCLUSION
As a result of weakness waste collection system and not having a proper collection system of
recycling output comes as large garbage mountains in Sri Lanka. The IoT ecofriendly smart
waste management system introduces a proper segregate way to easily recycle waste as wet and
dry. Daily, the monthly, and annual waste store will be measure and analyze. Also hope to
prevent the overflow of waste bins and to mitigate air pollution and increase public health
through this system.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
Through our smart implementation, we will able to create greener cities and improve the quality
of the environment. As future improvements we can introduce this system all over the country
likewise we can put this system in the public places. When people disposal of garbage in public
areas at that moment we can segregate waste as wet and dry. It will be easy and reduce time,
transport and labor resources also.
And we can connect the garbage transport vehicle to the system using GPS and can monitor
vehicles also. This method will be valuable when transporting the garbage to the municipal areas.

APPENDIXES

Literature Review

The Internet of Things (IoT), can refer as a modern technology concept that envisions a global
network of interconnected machines and devices. The Internet of Things is widely regarded as
one of the most important fields of future technology, and it is attracting significant interest from
a variety of industries. Here they discuss about the conceptual model of the IoT and three
categories of IoT applications like monitoring and control, big data and business analytics, and
information sharing and collaboration. Finally, through this article they express the five
challenges in implementing IoT applications for enterprises.(Lee and Lee, 2015)

Through this article(Shyam, Manvi and Bharti, 2017) they come out with a smart waste
management system which include IoT based prototypes, sensors. Here through the sensors, they
measured the volume of the wastebins by the transmitting information over the internet. As an
extra facility it is include a geographic information system (GIS) also. This system has been
created using open data to Pune city. The data collect from the sensors and transmit over internet
to the server to storage and using that information they monitor the daily selection of wastebins
and decide which routes to pick several wastebins among the different locations. Not only the

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monitor daily waste level but also, they predict using data factors like traffic congestion in an
area where the wastebins are placed, and cost-efficiency balance.

This article (Anh Khoa et al., 2020) introduces a novel platform for smart trash management at
the university to keep the campus clean with minimal labor resources. Here they introduce a
novel micro controller device with a sensor module to measure the filling height of garbage
using ultrasound and geolocation of collected data based on LoRa technology.

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REFERENCES

Anon., 2021. pantechsolutions. [Online]

Available at: https://www.pantechsolutions.net/iot-based-smart-waste-management-system-for-
smart-city

Anon., n.d. duino.lk. [Online]

Available at: https://www.duino.lk/
[Accessed 12 may 2021].

Anon., n.d. www.lankatronics.com. [Online]

Available at: https://www.lankatronics.com/
[Accessed 12 may 2021].

Hassan, Q. F., 2018. Internet of Things A to Z. Canada.: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New
Jersey.

Horizons, B., 2015. The Internet of Things. The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications,
investments, and challenges for enterprises, 58(4), pp. 431-440.

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Prince O. Ukaogo, Chibuzo V. Onwuka, 2020. nvironmental pollution: causes, effects, and the
remedies. Microorganisms for Sustainable Environment and Health, pp. 419-429.

Anh Khoa, T. et al. (2020) ‘Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in
University’, Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2020, p. e6138637. doi:
10.1155/2020/6138637.

IoT based Smart Waste Management System using Arduino (no date). Available at:
https://www.pantechsolutions.net/iot-based-smart-waste-management-system-for-smart-city
(Accessed: 15 May 2021).

Lee, I. and Lee, K. (2015) ‘The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and
challenges for enterprises’, Business Horizons, 58(4), pp. 431–440. doi:
10.1016/j.bushor.2015.03.008.

Shyam, G. K., Manvi, S. S. and Bharti, P. (2017) ‘Smart waste management using Internet-of-
Things (IoT)’, in 2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications
Technologies (ICCCT). 2017 2nd International Conference on Computing and Communications
Technologies (ICCCT), pp. 199–203. doi: 10.1109/ICCCT2.2017.7972276.

‘Status of Waste Management in Sri Lanka’ (no date) Environment Foundation (Guarantee)
Limited. Available at: https://efl.lk/status-waste-management-sri-lanka/ (Accessed: 15 May
2021).

Ukaogo, P. O., Ewuzie, U. and Onwuka, C. V. (2020) ‘21 - Environmental pollution: causes,
effects, and the remedies’, in Chowdhary, P. et al. (eds) Microorganisms for Sustainable
Environment and Health. Elsevier, pp. 419–429. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819001-2.00021-8.

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