ES128: Homework 4

Solutions

Problem 1
Consider a one-element triangular mesh shown in Fig. 1. The boundary
conditions are as follows. The edge BC is constrained in y and traction free in x,
whereas the edge AB is constrained in x and traction free in y. The edge AC is
subject to traction normal to the edge as shown in Fig. 1. Assume Young’s
modulus E= 3 × 10 11 Pa and Poisson’s ratio v=0.3.
a. Construct the stiffness matrix.
b. Calculate the global force matrix.
c. Solve for the unknown displacement matrix and calculate the stress at (1.5,
1.5).

3 (0,3)

(1)

1 (0,0) 2 (3,0)

Fig. 1 Triangular domain with mixed boundary conditions

Solution
We will use the plane strain and plane stress conditions to solve this problem. As
shown in Fig.1, x 1(1 ) = 0 , y1( 1) = 0 , x2(1 ) = 3 , y2(1 ) = 0 , x 3(1 ) = 0 , and y3(1 ) = 3 .

First, with the plane strain condition

1 − v v 0  0.7 0.3 0 
(1 )
D =
E  v 1−v 0  = 5.77 × 10 0.3 0.7 0  .
11 

(1 + v)(1 − 2v)  
 0 0 (1 − 2v) / 2  0 0 0.2

The shape functions are

N 1(1 ) =
1
2A (1)
( ( ) ( )) 1
3
1
x 2(1 ) y3(1 ) − x 3(1 ) y2(1 ) + y2( 1 ) − y3(1 ) x + x 3(1 ) − x 2( 1 ) y = 1 − x − y ,
3
N 2(1 ) =
1
2A (1 )
( ( ) ( )) 1
x 3(1 ) y1(1 ) − x 1(1 ) y3(1 ) + y3(1 ) − y1(1 ) x + x 1(1 ) − x 3(1 ) y = x ,
3
N 3(1 ) =
1
2A (1)
( ( ) ( )) 1
x 1(1 ) y2(1 ) − x 2(1 ) y1(1 ) + y1( 1 ) − y2(1 ) x + x 2(1 ) − x 1( 1 ) y = y .
3

The strain-displacement matrix is

 ∂N 1(1 ) ∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1)   1 1 
 0 0 0  − 0 0 0 0
 ∂x ∂x ∂x  3 3
 ∂N 1(1) ∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1 )   1

1
B (1 ) =  0 0 0 = 0 − 0 0 0 .
∂y ∂y ∂y   3 3
 (1 ) 
 ∂N 1 ∂N 1(1 )
∂N 2(1 )
∂N 2(1 ) ∂N 3(1) ∂N 3(1 )  − 1 −
1 1 1 
 0 0
 ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y ∂x   3 3 3 3 


The stiff matrix is

K=K (1 ) = ∫ B(1)T D (1) B(1) dΩ = A ( 1) B(1)T D (1) B(1)
Ω
1x 1y 2x 2y 3x 3y
 2.5965 1.4425 − 2.0195 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 0.8655 1x
 1.4425 2.5965 − 0.8655 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 2.0195  1y

 − 2.0195 − 0.8655 2.0195 0 0 0.8655  2x
= 10 11   .
 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 0 0.5770 0.5770 0  2y
 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 0 0.5770 0.5770 0  3x
 
− 0.8655 − 2.0195 0.8655 0 0 2.0195  3y

The force vector is

 1 1 
1 − 3 x − 3 y 0 
 
 1 1 
0 1− x − y
 3 3 
 1 
 x 0  
f (Γ1 ) = ∫ N (1 )T tdΓ = ∫ 
3  7.5 2  dΓ .
Γ23 
1  7.5 2 
Γ23 0 x
 3 
 1 
 y 0 
 3 
 1 
 0 y 
 3 
At the edge CA, x=-y+3, dΓ = 2dy Substituting x=-y+3 and dΓ = 2dy into the
above equation yields
 0 0 
 0 0 
 1 0 0  0  1x
− y + 1 0  0 0  0  1y
 3    
3 1  15   1 . 5 0  15   22 .5  2x
f (Γ1 ) = ∫  0 − y + 1 dy   =     =  .
0
 3  15   0 1.5 15  22.5 2 y
 1y 0  1.5 0  22.5 3 x
 3     
   0 1.5 22.5 3 y
1
 0 y 
 3 
0   r1 x 
0   r 
   1y 
 u2x
  22 . 5 
In addition, d (1 ) =   ; f (Γ1 ) +r (1 ) =  .
0   r2 y + 22 . 5 
0  r3 x + 22.5
   
u3 y   22.5 

The global stiff matrix is

1x 1y 2y 3x 2x 3y
 2 . 5965 1 . 4425 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 2 . 0195 − 0.8655 1x
 1.4425 2.5965 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 − 0.8655 − 2.0195  1y

 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 0.5770 0.5770 0 0  2y
10 11  
 − 0.5770 − 0.5770 0.5770 0.5770 0 0  3x
 − 2.0195 − 0.8655 0 0 2.0195 0.8655  2x
 
− 0.8655 − 2.0195 0 0 0.8655 2.0195  3y

The global force vector is

 r1 x  1x
 r  1y
 1y 
r2 y + 22.5 2 y
 
r3 x + 22.5 3 x
 22.5  2 x
 
 22.5  3 y

 2.0195 0.8655 u2 x  22.5

Thus K F = 10 11   ; d F =   , fF =  .
0.8655 2.0195  u 3 y  22.5
Since d E = 0 ,
0.7799
d F = K F−1 f F = 10 −10  .
0.7799

 0 
 0 
  0.2600
 0.7799  (1 ) −10  
 ; ε (1.5,1.5 ) = B d = 10 0.2600
(1 ) −10 (1)
Thus, d = 10 
 0   0 
 0 
 
0.7799

15
σ (1 )
(1.5,1.5) = D (1)
ε (1 )
(1.5,1.5) = 15 .
 0 
Problem 2
For the two-dimensional loaded plate shown in Fig. 2, determine the
displacement of nodes 1 and 2 and the element stresses using plane stress
conditions. Body force may be neglected in comparison with the external forces.

3 2

e=2
2m
e=1

Thickness t=0.5m
E=30*106Pa, ν=0.25 1
4 x
3m

Fig. 2

Solution

As shown in Fig.2, for elment 1 (node 1, 2, 3), x 1(1) = 3 , y1( 1) = 0 , x 2(1) = 3 , y2(1) = 2 ,
x 3(1 ) = 0 , and y3(1) = 0 . For element 2 (node 3, 4, 2), x 1( 2 ) = 0 , y1( 2 ) = 2 , x 2( 2 ) = 0 ,
y2( 2 ) = 0 , x 3( 2 ) = 3 , and y3( 2 ) = 2 .

With the plane stress condition, the constitutive matrix is

1 v 0   3.2 0.8 0 
E  
D (1 )
=D (2)
= 2 
v 1 0  = 10 0.8 3.2 0 
7

1−v
0 0 (1 − v) / 2  0 0 1.2

Following the similar steps, for element 1, the strain-displacement matrix is

0.333 0 0 0 − 0.333 0 
(1 )
B = 0 − 0.5 0 0.5 0 0  .
 − 0.5 0.333 0.5 0 0 − 0.333

For element 2, the strain-displacement matrix is

 − 0.333 0 0 0 0.333 0 
(2)
B = 0  0.5 0 − 0.5 0 0  .
 0.5 − 0.333 − 0.5 0 0 0.333
(1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) (1)T (1) (1)
For element 1, the stiff matrix K = t A B D B
1x 1y 2x 2y 4x 4y
 0.983 − 0.5 − 0.45 0.2 − 0.533 0.3  1x
 1.4 0.3 − 1 .2 0.2 − 0.2 1y

 0.45 0 0 − 0.3 2x
= 10 7   .
 1 .2 − 0.2 0  2y
 Symmetry 0.533 0  4x
 
 0 0.2  4y
(2) (2) (2) (2)T (2) (2)
For element 2, the stiff matrix K t A B D B
3x 3y 4x 4y 2x 2y
 0. 983 − 0 .5 − 0.45 0.2 − 0.533 0.3  3x
 1.4 0.3 − 1 .2 0.2 − 0.2 3y

 0.45 0 0 − 0.3 4x
= 10 7   .
 1 .2 − 0.2 0  4y
 Symmetry 0.533 0  2x
 
 0 0.2  2y
 u1 x 
0 
 
u2 x 
 
u
The displacement vector is d =  2 y  .
0 
 
0 
0 
 
 0 

 0 
 r 
 1y 
 0 
 
 − 1000
The force vector is f Γ +r=
 r3 x  .
 
 r3 y 
 r 
 4x 
 r4 y 
  u1 x 
 
Thus d E = 0 , d F = u2 x  ,
u2 y 
 
1x 2x 2y
 0.983 − 0.45 0.2 1 x
K F = 10 − 0.45 0.983 0  2 x ,
7

 0.2 0 1.4  2 y
 0 
and f F =  0  .
− 1000

Solving for u1 x , u2 x , u2 y , we obtain

u1 x = 1.913 × 10 −5 m;
u2 x = 0.875 × 10 −5 m;
u2 y = − 7.436 × 10 −5 m.

For element 1,
 1.913 
 0 
   0.638   - 93.3 
−5
 0. 875  (1) −5    
d = 10   , ε = B d = 10  − 3.718  , σ = D ε = - 1138.7  .
(1 ) (1) (1) (1 ) (1) ( 1 )

 − 7 .436  − 0.519  - 62.3 

 0 
 
 0 

For element 2,
 0 
 0 
  0.292  93.4 
 0     
d ( 2 ) = 10 −5  ( 2) (2) (2) −5
 , ε = B d = 10  0  , σ = D ε =  23.4  .
(1) (1) ( 1 )

 0   2.479  - 297.4

 0.875 
 
− 7.436