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Part 2: Fundamental Database Management Systems

Episode 5: Object-Oriented Database Model
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
2.5.1 What is Object?
- It refers to an abstract concept that generally represents an
entity of interest in the enterprise to be modeled by a
database application.
- An object has to reflect a state and some behavior.
- The object’s state shows the internal structure of the object
and the internal structure are the properties of the object.
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
2.5.2 Object Identity, Object Structure and Type
Constructors
- Class: A class essentially defines the type of the object
where each object is viewed as an instance of the class.
- Complex Objects: Complex objects or nested relations are
objects which are designed by combining simple objects.
- These objects used to be created by constructors.
- Object Identity: An object identity is an internal identifier
of object that could not be changed.
- An object identity (iod) remains constant during object
lifetime.
- It is used by object database to uniquely identify the object
whose attributes can change in contrast to relational
database which does not allow the attributes changing for a
tuple in the table.
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
- Object Structure: A class object contains information about
the state described but attributes and the behavior allowed
by methods.
- Type Constructors: Also called type generator, a type
constructor is particular kind of method in a class.
- It is called to create an object of this class and initialize its
attributes.
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
2.5.3 Encapsulation of Operations, Methods and Persistence
- Encapsulation of Operations: Encapsulation consists to
gather data and methods within a structure with interface
in order to hide the object implementation.
- Persistence Storing: permanently the values of properties
of an object is called object persistence.
- In other words, persistence refers to the ability for objects
to remain after stopping the process that created them.
- Methods: In object-oriented approach, the behavior of an
object is described by a set of operations that are called
methods.
- A method has a signature that describes the name of the
method and the names and types of the method
parameters.
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
2.5.4 Type Hierarchies and Inheritance
- In object-oriented approach, there is the possible to define
class hierarchies and to express the inheritance of state and
behavior.
- Inherited objects are related by “Is-a” relationships.
- Polymorphism: Also called overloading, polymorphism refers
to the capability of an object to behave differently to same
message.
- Multiple Inheritances: When an object inherits from only one
class, we have simple inheritance.
- But, when an object inherits from two or more classes, it is
multiple inheritances.
- Late binding: Polymorphism is used with late binding, which
means that the translation of an operation name to its
appropriate method implementation must be dynamically
resolved.
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
Special Thanks to the publisher and author with:
2.5 Object-Oriented Database
Model
 TOPICS AND THE CONCEPTS:
Object-Oriented Database Model
Polymorphism
Encapsulation
Inheritance
Object Identity
Object Structure
Object Constructors

REFERENCES:
Fundamental Database Management Systems (6th Edition) by Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navaathe
Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management (6th Edition) by
Thomas Connolly, Carolyn Begg

PRESENTED BY:
Mohammed Nebil

HISTORY OF THE PROGRAMMING:

Boyce Codd

SPECIAL THANKS:
Digital Library of Educations
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Educations
Ethiopian Education Short Note