I

NTERNALPARTSOFCOMPUTER
1.Mot her boar d: Thi sist hemai ncircui tboar dofacomput er.Itconnect sal lt
heot her
component stoget her ,suchast heCPU, RAM, har ddr ive, andgr aphicscar d.The
mot her boar dal socont ainsv ariouscont rol l
er sf orper i
pher al dev icessuchasUSBpor ts,
audi o, andv ideoi nt erfaces.
2.Cent ralPr ocessi ngUni t( CPU) :Thi si st hebr ai
noft hecomput er.Itper f
ormsmostoft he
calcul at ionsandcont rol st heot hercomponent soft hecomput er.TheCPUi susual ly
locat edont hemot her boar dandi scov er edbyaheatsi nkandf ant okeepi tcool .
3.Random AccessMemor y( RAM) : Thisi st heshor t-term memor yoft hecomput er.It
stor esdat at hatt heCPUneedst oaccessqui ckly.Themor eRAM acomput erhas, the
fasteri tcanper f
or mt asks.
4.Graphi csCar dorGr aphi csPr ocessi ngUni t( GPU) :Thi scomponenti sr esponsi blef or
render ingi magesandv i
deoont hecomput er .I
ti sespeci al
lyimpor t
antf orgami ngand
othergr aphics- i
nt ensi veappl ications.
5.SoundCar d:Thi scomponenti sr esponsi bl ef orpr ocessi ngaudi osignal sandout put t
ing
them t ospeaker sorheadphones.Mostmot herboar dshav ebui lt
-insoundcar ds, but
someuser spr efert ouseasepar atesoundcar df orbet tersoundqual ity.
6.Har dDi skDr ive( HDD) :Thi si sthel ong- term st oragedev i
ceoft hecomput er.Itst oresal l
thedat aandpr ogr amst hatar einst all
edont hecomput er
7.Sol i
dSt ateDr ive( SSD) :Thi sisanewert y peofst oragedev i
cet hati sf asterandmor e
reli
abl et hananHDD.I tusesf lashmemor yt ost oredat aandf il
es.
8.Input / out put( I
/ O)cont rollers: I
/Ocont rol l
er smanaget hecommuni cat i
onbet weent he
CPUandt hei nput /out putdev icessuchast hekey boar d, mouse, andmoni t
or.
9.Graphi csPr ocessi ngUni t( GPU) : TheGPU, alsoknownasav ideocar d,isresponsi blef or
render ingi magesandv i
deosont hecomput erscr een.
10.
Opt icaldr ive:Anopt ical dr iveisadev icet hatr eadsandwr it
esdat af rom opt ical discs
suchasCDsandDVDs.
11.
Wi relesscar d: Awi relesscar disadev icet hatal l
owst hecomput ersy stem t oconnectt o
awi relessnet wor k.
12.
Fan: Af ani sadev i
cet hatcool st hecomput ersy stem byci r
cul atingai r.
13.
Heatsi nk.Thi si sapassi v epieceofhar dwar ethatdr awsheatawayf rom component s
tor egul ate/reducet hei rt emper atur etohel pensur et heycont inuet of unct i
onpr oper l
y.
Typi cal lyheatsi nki nst alleddi rect lyatopt heCPU, whi chpr oducest hemostheatamong
internal component s.
14.
Net wor ki nterfacecar d( NI C).ANI Ci saci rcuitboar dorchi pt hatenabl est hecomput er
toconnectt oanet wor k; alsoknownasanet wor kadapt erorl ocal ar eanet wor kadapt er ,
ittypi cal l
ysuppor tsconnect i
ont oanEt her netnet wor k
15.
Jumper .Itusedt ocont rollingpasswor ds.
16.
Par allelATA(PATA) .Tr ansf erdat atof loppydi sk.
17.
Ser i
alATA( SATA) .Tr ansf erdat at ohar ddi sk.
18.Capaci t
or .Cont rollingt hepower .
19.Chi pset:cont r
ol l
ingf ollowsofdat a.
20.Mol ex:t ransf erpowert ohar ddi sk.
21.Mi niMol ex:t r
ansf erpowert of l
oppydi skorCD-Room
22.Opt icalr eadi ngdev ices: Opt ical readi ngdev i
ces, suchasCD- ROMsandDVD- ROMs,
allowt hecomput ert or eaddat af r om opt i
cal disks.
23.Buses: Busesar et hecommuni cat ionpat hway st hatconnectt hev ariouscomponent sof
thecomput er.
24.Sy stem cl ock: Thesy stem cl ocki saci rcui tt hatgener atesast eadyst ream ofpul sest o
sy nchr oni zet hecomput er ’
soper at i
ons.
25.Inter nalst orage: I
nt ernal storage, alsoknownassecondar yst or age, i
sanon- volat i
l
e
memor yt hatst or esdat aper manent l
y.I tincl udeshar ddi skdr iv es( HDDs)andsol i
d-stat
e
dr i
ves( SSDs) .
26.Har ddi sk: Ahar ddi ski sat ypeofi nternal st oraget hatusesmagnet icdiskst ost oredata.
27.Vi deocar d:Av ideocar d, alsoknownasagr aphicscar d,isr esponsi bleforrender ing
i
magesandv i
deoont hecomput er ’
sdi spl ay .
28.Expansi onsl ot s: Expansi onsl ot sar esocket sont hemot her boar dthatal l
owt heusert o
addaddi tional component stot hecomput er, suchasasoundcar dornet workcar d.
29.Sour ceofpower :Thepowersuppl yuni t( PSU)i sr esponsi bl eforconv ert
ingtheAC
powerf rom t hewal lout l
eti ntoDCpowert hatt hecomput ercanuse. .
30.Cont rolUni t:Thecont rol unitisr esponsi blef ormanagi ngt hef l
owofdat abetweent he
CPUandt heot hercomponent soft hecomput er.
31.Ar it
hmet icalandLogi calUni t :Thear ithmet i
candl ogi caluni t(ALU)i sr esponsiblef or
per formi ngar ithmet i
candl ogi cal oper at i
onsondat a.
32.Nor thbr idge:Thi schi pcont rolst hef lowofdat abet weenmemor yandt he
pr ocessor .Italsocont rolst hef l
owofdat abet weent hepr ocessorand
t hegr aphi c'scar d.
33.Sout hbr idge:Thi schi pcont rolst hef lowofdat atot hesl owerdev ices.These
incl udeUSB, IDE, SATA, LANandAudi odev ices.I tcont r
olst he
PCIsl otsandt heonboar dgr aphi cschi p.I tdel egat escont roloft he
key boar d, mouse, par all
el andser i
al por t
st ot heSuperI /Ochi p.
34.Buses
Abusi sasetofwi rest hr oughwhi chdat acanbesentt ot hedi fferentpar tsoft he
comput er
sy stem.Busesconnectt hemaj orcomput erder i
vest oeachot her .Thechi psetusest he
busest o
senddat aar oundt hemot her boar d.Themai nbusesar e:
 Fr ontsi debus: Connect st hepr ocessort ot heNor thbr i
dge.
 Memor ybus: Connect st heNor thbr idget ot hemai nmemor y.
 Gr aphi csbus: Connect st heNor thbr idget ot hePCI -Expr essorAGPgr aphi cs
slot.
 I nt ernalbus: Connect st heNor thbr idget ot heSout hbr i
dge
 PCIbus: Connect st hePCIsl otsandt heonboar dgr aphicst ot hesout hbr i
dge
  LPCbus:Connectslowbandwidt
hdevicest
othesout
hbri
dge
Thesei
ncludetheBIOSchi
pandt heSuperI
/Ochi
pwhichcont
rol
sthekey
boar
d,
mouse,paral
l
el,ser
ial
port
setc.

35.
PowerSuppl y
Thepowersuppl ycanbeseenf r
om t hebackoft hesy stem uni t.Themai nscableis
pluggedinto
thepowersuppl y.Acomput erpowersuppl yhasanumberoff unct ions:
 I tconv ertsthepowerf r
om Al ternat i
ngcur rent( AC)assuppl i
edbyt he
el ect r
ic
suppl iert oDirectcur rent(DC)asr equiredbyt hecomput ersystem.
 I tt ransf ormst he240Vol tssuppl iedbyt heelect ri
csuppl i
erintothe
v oltagesr equired
byt hecomput ersystem.Themai nv olt
agesar e:
 12v oltsfort hedi skdr i
vesast heyhav emot ors
 3. 3and5v oltsfort heci r
cuitboar dsi nthecomput er.
 I tusesadv ancespowermanagement( APM)t oal lowt hecomput ergoint
o
ast andby
mode.
 Somehav easwi tcht otogglebet ween240v oltsuppl iesand110v olt
suppl ies.
36.
Mai nconnect orConnect stot hemot herboar dandsuppl i
est he3. 3and5v ol
t
supplyfort heboar d.
 Mol exconnect orConnect sI DEhar ddr ivesandopt ical driv
es.
 Ber gconnect orConnect sf l
oppydi skdr ives
 SATAconnect orConnect sSATAdr i
ves
37.
IDE(I nt
egr at
edDr i
v eEl ectronics).Thedi sksconnectt othemot her boardusinga
r
ibboncable.Thiscabl ei sact uall
yabusext ensionf rom t hemot her boar d.Each
r
ibboncablecanhol dt woI DEdr ivessetupasmast erandsl av
e.Thedr i
v ei ssetas
masterorslavebyposi tioningaj umperswi tchont hebackoft hedr ive.Ast hereare
t
woI DEconnect orsonamot herboar d,at ot
al offourdr i
vescanbeconnect ed.