BUILDING

Construction

Taif University College Of Engineering Civil Department

6 STAIRS
Dr. Reda M.H. Aly
2022
STAIRS
 Definition
Staircases provide means of movement from one floor to another in a structure. Staircases
consist of a number of steps with landings at suitable intervals to provide comfort and
safety for the users.

 Stair is an important component of a building providing access to different floors and

roof of the building.

 The room or enclosure of building in which the stairs is located is known as stair-case.

 Staircase provide access & communication between floors in multi-storey buildings and
are a path by which fire can spread from one floor to another.

 Therefore it must be enclosed by fire resisting walls, floors, ceilings and doors.
STAIRS
It must be designed to carry certain loads, which are similar to those used for design of the
floors.

Stairs may be constructed of Timber, Bricks, Stone, Steel or Reinforced Cement Concrete

 There are three main types of stairs which are:

1) Mobile stairs such as that used in airport for

passenger to get to aircraft and other type that used
for maintenance in buildings

2) Escalators or moving ramp which electrically work and

used in public buildings

3) Fixed stairs which built in buildings from different

materials and for different use
STAIRS
 Stairs structural materials
1) Reinforced concrete.
2) Steel.
3) Wood.
4) Others (stone, and Marble which are seldom used).
There are many materials to make the finishing of staircases like: marble, granite, wood, and
certain coating layers….. etc.
 Classification of stairs
a. Main stairs
b. Escape stairs, and Service staircase.
c. Luxurious stairs (Hotels, palaces, villas, some public buildings).

 Stair Calculation:
 Floor height = 3m
 Riser distance = 15cm
 Number of steps = H/R = 300/15 = 20 Riser step
STAIRS
 Some common types of stairs from architecture point of view are shown below. These
include:
(a); (b) Straight flight stairs;
(c) Quarter-turn stairs (L-Shape);
(d) Half-turn stairs (U-Shape);
(e) Branching stairs;
(f) Open-well (half turn);
(g) Open-well with quarter turn landing;
(h); (i); (j) Geometrical stairs.
STAIRS FUNDAMENTALS
Because a stair provides vertical transportation, it is a part of the means - of-egress (exit)
system of a building. It’s also a relatively hazardous element because injuries due to falls
from stair are common. For this reason, stair design is stringently controlled by the building
cods.

 Stairs Components (Technical Terms)

The definitions of some technical terms, which are used in connection with design of stairs,
are given below:

 Tread or Going: horizontal upper portion of a step.

 Riser: vertical portion of a step.
 Flight: a series of steps provided between two landings.
 Landing: a horizontal slab provided between two flights.
 Soffit: the bottom surface of a stair slab.
 Nosing: the intersection of the tread and the riser.
 Handrail: is a rail that designed to be grasped by the
hand to provide stability or support.
SUPERIMPOSED STAIRS SAVE SPACE
 The height of save space (headroom) must be above 2 m.
CONSTRUCTION OF STAIRS
Stairs governed by building regulation must have a Width of 1.20 m. In high rise
buildings they must be 1.25m wide.
The length of stair runs from ≥3 steps up to ≤ 12 step.
 Design criteria:
The following are the main criteria in designing any staircase:
Main rule: (2 X Riser) + (1 X Tread) = 60 to 62 cm
1) Tread depth and rise height must be dimensionally uniformed.
2) Min tread width is 26 cm, and max tread width is 30 cm.
3) Min rise height is 14 cm, and max rise height is 17 cm.
4) The inclination angle should not be between 25º - 35º but In-service stairs can be up to 45º
5) Landing and floor landing widths (=) width of the flight (stair width).
6) Number of steps in one ≤ 12 stairs.
7) Height of handrail 90 to 100 cm.
8) Stairs must have good natural lighting and ventilation sources.
9) Stairs (especially escape stairs) should comply with fire regulations and codes.
10) Headroom ≥ 2.00 m.
CONSTRUCTION OF STAIRS
 Table of the relationship between tread length and rise height:

Rise Height Tread

15 15.5 16 16.5 17 17.5 18
cm
Rise

Tread Length
30 29 28 27 26 25 24
cm

 The height of riser is depending on two criteria the place of the stair and the uses of
the building or place; below examples of the relationship between riser heights and
the places:
 In gardens (parks) and open areas 14-16 cm
 Schools and public buildings 16 cm
 Residential buildings 14-17 cm
 Basement and warehouses up to 22 cm
TYPES OF STAIRS
 According to construction system stairs are classified into two types;

1) Transversely supported.
2) Longitudinally supported.

A. Transversely supported (transverse to the direction of movement) this include:

1) Simply supported steps supported by two walls or beams or a combination of both.

2) Steps cantilevering from a wall or a beam.
3) Stairs cantilevering from a central spine beam.
TYPES OF STAIRS
1. simply supported 2. Cantilever stairs
TYPES OF STAIRS
B. Longitudinally supported (in the direction of movement):

These stairs span between supports at the top and bottom of a flight and unsupported at
the sides. Longitudinally supported stairs may be supported in any of the following
manners:

 Beams or walls at the outside edges of the landings.

 Landings which are supported by beams or walls running in the longitudinal direction.
 Stairs with quarter landings associated with open-well stairs.
TYPES OF STAIRS
1. Longitudinally supported stairs
STAIRS IN ARCHITECTURE PLANS
 FIRST FLOOR PLAN
STAIRS IN ARCHITECTURE PLANS

 TYPICA LFLOOR PLAN

STAIRS IN ARCHITECTURE PLANS

 FINAL FLOOR PLAN

EXAMPLE OF STAIRS CONSTRUCTION