Analysis and Approaches SL End of Year Exam P1 [60 marks]

1a. [3 marks]
Consider the following sequence of figures.

Figure 1 contains 5 line segments.

Given that Figure 𝑛 contains 801 line segments, show that 𝑛 = 200.

Markscheme
recognizing that it is an arithmetic sequence (M1)
eg 5, 5 + 4, 5 + 4 + 4, … , 𝑑 = 4, 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑢1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑, 4𝑛 + 1
correct equation A1
eg 5 + 4(𝑛 − 1) = 801
correct working (do not accept substituting 𝑛 = 200) A1
796
eg 4𝑛 − 4 = 796, 𝑛 − 1 = 4

𝑛 = 200 AG N0
[3 marks]
1b. [3 marks]
Find the total number of line segments in the first 200 figures.

Markscheme
recognition of sum (M1)
eg 𝑆200 , 𝑢1 + 𝑢2 + ⋯ + 𝑢200 , 5 + 9 + 13 + ⋯ + 801
correct working for AP (A1)
200 200
eg (5 + 801), (2(5) + 199(4))
2 2

80 600 A1 N2
[3 marks]
2a. [2 marks]
Let 𝑥 = ln3 and 𝑦 = ln5. Write the following expressions in terms of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
5
ln (3).

Markscheme
correct approach (A1)
eg ln5 − ln3
5
ln (3) = 𝑦 − 𝑥 A1 N2

[2 marks]
2b. [4 marks]
ln45.

Markscheme
recognizing factors of 45 (may be seen in log expansion) (M1)
eg ln(9 × 5), 3 × 3 × 5, log32 × log5
correct application of log(𝑎𝑏) = log𝑎 + log𝑏 (A1)
eg ln9 + ln5, ln3 + ln3 + ln5, ln32 + ln5
correct working (A1)
eg 2ln3 + ln5, 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
ln45 = 2𝑥 + 𝑦 A1 N3
[4 marks]
3a. [4 marks]
Find the term in 𝑥 6 in the expansion of (𝑥 + 2)9 .

Markscheme
valid approach to find the required term (M1)
9 9
eg ( ) (𝑥)9−𝑟 (2)𝑟 , 𝑥 9 + 9𝑥 8 (2) + ( ) 𝑥 7 (2)2 + ⋯, Pascal’s triangle to the 9th row
𝑟 2
identifying correct term (may be indicated in expansion) (A1)
 9
eg 4th term, 𝑟 = 6, ( ) , (𝑥)6 (2)3
3
correct calculation (may be seen in expansion) (A1)
9
eg ( ) (𝑥)6 (2)3 , 84 × 23
3
672𝑥 6 A1 N3
[4 marks]
3b. [2 marks]
Hence, find the term in 𝑥 7 in the expansion of 5𝑥(𝑥 + 2)9 .

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg recognizing 𝑥 7 is found when multiplying 5𝑥 × 672𝑥 6
3360𝑥 7 A1 N2
[2 marks]
4. [7 marks]
1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚 − 𝑥, for 𝑥 ≠ 0. The line 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑚 intersects the graph of 𝑓 in two distinct
points. Find the possible values of 𝑚.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
1
eg 𝑓 = 𝑦, 𝑚 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑚

correct working to eliminate denominator (A1)

eg 𝑚𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 𝑚), 𝑚𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑚𝑥
correct quadratic equal to zero A1
eg 𝑥 2 − 2𝑚𝑥 + 1 = 0
correct reasoning R1
eg for two solutions, 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0
correct substitution into the discriminant formula (A1)
eg (−2𝑚)2 − 4
correct working (A1)
eg 4𝑚2 > 4, 𝑚2 = 1, sketch of positive parabola on the 𝑥-axis
correct interval A1 N4
eg |𝑚| > 1, 𝑚 < −1 or 𝑚 > 1
[7 marks]
5a. [1 mark]
2𝑥−1
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ −3.
𝑥+3

Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of the graph of 𝑓.

Markscheme
𝑥 = −3 (must be an equation) A1 N1
[1 mark]
5b. [3 marks]
Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).

Markscheme
interchanging 𝑥 and 𝑦 (seen anywhere) (M1)
2𝑦−1
eg 𝑥 = , 𝑥(𝑦 + 3) = 2𝑦 − 1
𝑦+3

evidence of correct manipulation (A1)

7
eg 𝑦𝑥 + 3𝑥 = 2𝑦 − 1, 𝑦(𝑥 − 2) = −3𝑥 − 1, 2 − 𝑦+3

−3𝑥−1 3𝑥+1 7
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (= , − 3) (accept 𝑦 =) A1 N3
𝑥−2 2−𝑥 2−𝑥

[3 marks]
5c. [2 marks]
Find the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph of 𝑓 −1 .

Markscheme
valid approach to find horizontal asymptote (M1)
−3 −3(𝑥−2)+5
eg , vert.asymp of 𝑓 becomes horiz.asymp of 𝑓 −1 , , 𝑥→∞
1 𝑥−2

𝑦 = −3 (must be an equation) A1 N2
[2 marks]
6a. [1 mark]
The following diagram shows part of the graph of 𝑓 with 𝑥-intercept (5, 0) and 𝑦-intercept
(0, 8).

Find the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) + 3.

Markscheme
𝑦-intercept is 11 (accept (0, 11) ) A1 N1
[1 mark]
6b. [2 marks]
Find the 𝑦-intercept of the graph of 𝑓(4𝑥).
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
1
eg 𝑓(4 × 0) = 𝑓(0), recognizing stretch of 4 in 𝑥-direction

𝑦-intercept is 8 (accept (0, 8) ) A1 N2

[2 marks]
6c. [2 marks]
Find the 𝑥-intercept of the graph of 𝑓(2𝑥).

Markscheme
5 5
𝑥-intercept is 2 (= 2.5) (accept (2 , 0) or (2.5, 0) ) A2 N2

[2 marks]
6d. [2 marks]
Describe the transformation 𝑓(𝑥 + 1).

Markscheme
correct name, correct magnitude and direction A1A1 N2
eg name: translation, (horizontal) shift (do not accept move)
−1
eg magnitude and direction: 1 unit to the left, ( ), horizontal by –1
0
[2 marks]
7. [7 marks]
Solve log 4 (2 − 𝑥) = log16 (13 − 4𝑥).

Markscheme
Note: The first three A marks are awarded for correct application of log properties,
including with incorrect expressions, and in any order.
correct application of change of base (accept any base) (A1)
log4 (13−4𝑥) log16 (2−𝑥) log4 (2−𝑥) log(13−4𝑥)
eg , , ,
log4 16 log16 4 log2 4 log 16

correct numerical value (A1)

1
eg log 4 16 = 2, log16 4 = 2
correct application of 𝑟 log 𝑐 𝑎 = log 𝑐 𝑎𝑟 (A1)
eg log 4 (2 − 𝑥)2
correct equation without logs A1
eg (2 − 𝑥)2 = 13 − 4𝑥, (2 − 𝑥)4 = (13 − 4𝑥)2 , 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 13 − 4𝑥
correct working A1
eg 𝑥 2 = 9
𝑥 = −3 A2 N2
[7 marks]
8a. [2 marks]
A group of 10 girls recorded the number of hours they spent watching television during a
particular week. Their results are summarized in the box-and-whisker plot below.

The range of the data is 16. Find the value of 𝑎.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 16 + 8, 𝑎 − 8
24 (hours) A1 N2
[2 marks]
8b. [2 marks]
Find the value of the interquartile range.

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg 20 − 15, 𝑄3 − 𝑄1, 15 − 20
IQR = 5 A1 N2
[2 marks]
8c. [2 marks]
The group of girls watched a total of 180 hours of television.
Find the mean number of hours that the girls in this group spent watching television that
week.

Markscheme
correct working (A1)
180 180 ∑𝑥
eg , ,
10 𝑛 10

mean = 18 (hours) A1 N2
[2 marks]
8d. [2 marks]
A group of 20 boys also recorded the number of hours they spent watching television that
same week. Their results are summarized in the table below.

Find the total number of hours the group of boys spent watching television that week.

Markscheme
attempt to find total hours for group B (M1)
eg 𝑥 × 𝑛
group B total hours = 420 (seen anywhere) A1 N2
[2 marks]
8e. [3 marks]
Find the mean number of hours that all 30 girls and boys spent watching television that
week.

Markscheme
attempt to find sum for combined group (may be seen in working) (M1)
eg 180 + 420, 600
correct working (A1)
180+420 600
eg ,
30 30
mean = 20 (hours) A1 N2
[3 marks]
8f. [2 marks]
The following week, the group of boys had exams. During this exam week, the boys spent
half as much time watching television compared to the previous week.
For this exam week, find
the mean number of hours that the group of boys spent watching television.

Markscheme
valid approach to find the new mean (M1)
1 1
eg 𝜇, × 21
2 2
21
mean = (= 10.5) hours A1 N2
2

[2 marks]
8g. [2 marks]
the variance in the number of hours the group of boys spent watching television.

Markscheme
variance = 𝜎 2 (seen anywhere) (A1)
3 2
eg 𝜎 2 = 9, 32 = 9, (2) , 32

valid attempt to find new standard deviation or variance (M1)

1 1 3
eg × 32 , × 3,
4 2 2
9
variance = 4 (= 2.25) (hours) A1 N2

[2 marks]

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