LOGARITMOS Y EXPONENCIALES (3ª entrega)

1 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟖𝒙 = 𝟏𝟔

4
8𝑥 = 16 → (23 )𝑥 = 24 → 23𝑥 = 24 → 3𝑥 = 4 → 𝑥 =
3

𝟕
2 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 · 𝟏𝟔𝒙−𝟏 =
𝟔𝟒
7 16𝑥 7
162𝑥 + 3 · 16𝑥−1 = → (16𝑥 )2 + 3 · 1 − = 0 → (𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑡 = 16𝑥 )
64 16 64
3 7
𝑡2 + 𝑡− = 0 → 64𝑡 2 + 12𝑡 − 7 = 0 → 𝑡
16 64
1 1
→ 16𝑥 = → 42𝑥 = 4−1 → 2𝑥 = −1 →
= {4 4
7 7
− → 16𝑥 = − → ∄𝑥
16 16
1
𝑥=−
2

3 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏𝟕) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒(𝟑 − 𝒙) = −𝟎. 𝟓

2𝑥 − 17 1 2𝑥 − 17 1
log 4 (2𝑥 − 17) − log 4 (3 − 𝑥) = −0.5 → log 4 =− → = 4−2 →
3−𝑥 2 3−𝑥
2𝑥 − 17 1 2𝑥 − 17 1 37
= → = → 4𝑥 − 34 = 3 − 𝑥 → 5𝑥 = 37 → 𝑥 = > 3 → 𝑁𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒
3−𝑥 √4 3−𝑥 2 5

𝑁𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 .

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑿, 𝒀 ∈ ℝ, 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑿 > 𝟎, 𝒀 > 𝟎, 𝑿 ≠ 𝟏, 𝒀 ≠ 𝟏, 𝑿 ≠ 𝒀

4
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑿 𝒀 · 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒀 𝑿
1 1 1 1
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝑁 = log 𝑥 𝑦 → 𝑥 𝑁 = 𝑦 → (𝑥 𝑁 )𝑁 = 𝑦 𝑁 → 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑁 → log 𝑦 𝑥 = →
𝑁
1
log 𝑦 𝑥 = → log 𝑥 𝑦· log 𝑦 𝑥 = 1
log 𝑥 𝑦

𝟓
𝟏 𝟑
5 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓í𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒏 [ √ 𝟕 ]
𝒙
 5
13 3 1 1 1 5 5
log 𝑛 [ √ 7 ] = 5 log 𝑛 √ 7 = 5 · log 𝑛 7 = [log 𝑛 1 − log 𝑛 𝑥 7 ] = [0 − 7 log 𝑛 𝑥] =
𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 3 3

35
= − log 𝑛 𝑥
3

𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒃 = − 𝟓 𝑦 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒄 = 𝟑

6 𝟑 𝒂𝒃𝟐
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 √
𝒄

3 𝑎𝑏 2 1 𝑎𝑏2 1
log 𝑎 √ = log 𝑎 ( ) = [log 𝑎 (𝑎𝑏2 ) − log 𝑎 𝑐] =
𝑐 3 𝑐 3

1 1 1
[log 𝑎 𝑎 + log 𝑎 𝑏2 − log 𝑎 𝑐] = [1 + 2log 𝑎 𝑏 − log 𝑎 𝑐] = [1 + 2(−5) − 3] = −4
3 3 3

𝐷𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒚 = 𝟑, 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒛 = 𝟐.

7 √𝒛𝒚−𝟑
𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂𝒙𝟐
𝒙𝟑

√𝑧𝑦 −3 1
√𝑧𝑦 −3 log 𝑎 3 log 𝑎 √𝑧𝑦 −3 − log 𝑎 𝑥 3 2 (log 𝑎 𝑧 − 3 log 𝑎 𝑦) − 3 log 𝑎 𝑥
log 𝑎𝑥 2 = 𝑥 = = =
𝑥3 log 𝑎 (𝑎𝑥 2 ) log 𝑎 𝑎 + log 𝑎 𝑥 2 1 + 2 log 𝑎 𝑥

1 7
(2 − 3 · 3) − 3(−1) − + 3 1
= 2 = 2 =
1 + 2(−1) −1 2

𝟑
𝟏 𝟒 𝟓
8 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟏𝟔𝒙 · √( ) = √𝟔𝟒𝟐
𝟐

1 4 5
3
3 4 12
16 · ( ) = √642 → (24 )𝑥 · √2−4 = √(26 )2 → 24𝑥 · 2−3 = 2 5 →
5
√
𝑥
2
4 12 4 12 12 4 36 + 20 56 14
24𝑥−3 = 2 5 → 4𝑥 − = → 4𝑥 = + → 4𝑥 = → 4𝑥 = →𝑥=
3 5 5 3 15 15 15

9 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒙 = −𝟏

log 2 𝑥
log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) − log 4 𝑥 = −1 →
⏟ log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) − = −1 →
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
log 2 4
 1
log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) − log 2 𝑥 = −1 →
⏟ log 2 (2𝑥 + 1) − log 2 √𝑥 = −1 →
2 1
log𝑎 √𝑁= log𝑎 𝑁
2

2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 1
log 2 = −1 → = 2−1 → = → 4𝑥 + 2 = √𝑥 →
√𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥 2
2
(4𝑥 + 2)2 = (√𝑥) → 16𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 4 = 𝑥 → 16𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 4 = 0 →

−15 ± √225 − 256

𝑥= ∉ ℝ → 𝑁𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 .
32

10 𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒃 = −𝟓 𝑦 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒄 = 𝟑. 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒃(𝒂𝒄𝟐 𝒃) .

log 𝑎 𝑎 1 1
log 𝑎 𝑏 = −5 → log 𝑏 𝑎 = = =−
log 𝑎 𝑏 −5 5
log 𝑎 𝑐 3 3
log 𝑏 𝑐 = = =−
log 𝑎 𝑏 −5 5
1 1 3
log 𝑏 (𝑎𝑐 2 𝑏) = log 𝑏 𝑎 + log 𝑏 𝑐 2 + log 𝑏 𝑏 = − + 2 log 𝑏 𝑐 + 1 = − + 2 (− ) + 1 =
5 5 5
7 2
− +1= −
5 5

𝒙𝟐
11 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 =𝟏
𝒙+𝟔

𝑥2 𝑥2 𝑥2
log = 1 → log = log 10 → = 10 → 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 60 = 0 →
𝑥+6 𝑥+6 𝑥+6
10 ± √340
𝑥= = 5 ± √85 →
2

𝑥 = 5 + √85
{
𝑥 = 5 − √85 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 , 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎 log(−)

12 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐧(𝒙 − 𝟏) + 𝐥𝐧 𝒙𝟐 = 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖)

ln(𝑥 − 1) + ln 𝑥 2 = ln(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 8) → ln[(𝑥 − 1)𝑥 2 ] = ln(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 8) →

ln(𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 ) = ln(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 8) → 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 8 → 2𝑥 2 = 8 → 𝑥 2 = 4 →
𝑥 = −2 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑟í𝑎: ln(−3))
{
𝑥=2

13 𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒 . 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏

 𝑥 𝑥 = 224 = 23·8 = (23 )8 = 88 → 𝑥 = 8 → 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 64 + 8 + 1 = 73

14 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟗𝟐−𝒙 − 𝟐 ∗ 𝟑𝟐−𝒙 = 𝟏

92−𝑥 − 2 ∗ 32−𝑥 = 1 → 32(2−𝑥) − 2 ∗ 32−𝑥 = 1 →

⏟ 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 − 1 = 0 →
𝑡=32−𝑥

2 ± √8 𝑡 = 1 + √2 → 32−𝑥 = 1 + √2
𝑡= →{
2 𝑡 = 1 − √2 < 0 → 32−𝑥 < 0 (¡ 𝑛𝑜!)

32−𝑥 = 1 + √2 → log[32−𝑥 ] = log(1 + √2) → (2 − 𝑥) log 3 = log(1 + √2) →

log(1 + √2) log(1 + √2)

2−𝑥 = → 𝑥=2−
log 3 log 3

15 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝟎 · 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎

𝑡 = 5 → 5𝑥 = 5 → 𝑥 = 1
52𝑥 − 30 · 5𝑥 + 125 = 0 →
⏟ 𝑡 2 − 30𝑡 + 125 = 0 → {
𝑡=5𝑥 𝑡 = 25 → 5𝑥 = 52 → 𝑥 = 2
𝑡 2=52𝑥

𝟏
16 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 − = 𝟐𝒙
𝟐
1 1 1
4𝑥+1 − = 2𝑥 ↔ 4 · 4𝑥 − = 2𝑥 ↔ 4 · (2𝑥 )2 − 2𝑥 − = 0 ↔ 8(2𝑥 )2 − 2 · 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 ↔
2 2 2
1
= 2−1 → 𝑥 = −1
2 ± √4 + 32 2
2𝑥 = = ˅
16 1 1
− → 𝑥 = log 2 (− ) ∉ ℝ
{ 4 4

𝟒 𝟏
17 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 √𝒙𝟑 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 √𝟏𝟎 =
𝟒

4 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 3
log √𝑥 3 − log √10 = → log 𝑥 − log 10 = →⏟ log 𝑥 − = → log 𝑥 = →
4 4 2 4 log 10=1 4 2 4 4 4
log 𝑥 = 1 → 𝑥 = 10

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 (𝒚 − 𝟕𝟐) = 𝟐
18 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: { 𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚(𝒙 + 𝟔) =
𝟐
 log 𝑥 (𝑦 − 72) = 2 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 − 72 𝑦 = 72 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 72 + 𝑥 2
{ 1 →
⏟ { 1 →{ →{
log 𝑦 (𝑥 + 6) = 𝐷𝐸𝐹. 𝑑𝑒 𝑦2 = 𝑥 + 6 √𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 6)2
2 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜
72 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 36 → 12𝑥 = 36 → 𝑥 = 3 → 𝑦 = 81 → (𝑥, 𝑦) = (3,81)

19 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝟐𝒙+𝟏 − 𝟑 · 𝟐𝒙+𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐

22𝑥+1 − 3 · 2𝑥+2 = 32 → 22𝑥 · 2 − 3 · 2𝑥 · 22 − 32 = 0 → 2 · (2𝑥 )2 − 12 · 2𝑥 − 32 = 0 →

⏟
𝑡=2𝑥

𝑡 = 8 → 2𝑥 = 8 → 𝑥 = log 2 8 = 𝑥 = 3
2𝑡 2 − 12𝑡 − 32 = 0 →
⏟ 𝑡 2 − 6𝑡 − 16 = 0 → {
:2
𝑡 = −2 → 2𝑥 = −1 → 𝑥 = log 2 (−1) → ∄

𝟑 · 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐 · 𝟑𝒚 = −𝟒𝟐
20 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: {
𝟓 · 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 − 𝟒 · 𝟑𝒚−𝟏 = 𝟒

3 · 2𝑥 − 2 · 3𝑦 = −42 3𝑡 − 2𝑢 = −42
3 · 2𝑥 − 2 · 3𝑦 = −42 1 4 3𝑡 − 2𝑢 = −42
→
⏟ 𝑥 𝑦 ⏟ {
→ →⏟ {
5 · 2𝑥+1 − 4 · 3𝑦−1 = 4 1
5 · 2 · 2 − 4 · 3 · = 4 10𝑡 − 𝑢 = 4 30𝑡 − 4𝑢 = 12
3 −1= 3 𝑡=2𝑥 3 3𝐸2
3 𝑢=3𝑥
{ {
3𝑡 − 2𝑢 = −42
⏟ {
→
𝐸2 −2𝐸1
24𝑡 = 96
3 · 4 − 2𝑢 = −42 𝑡=4 2𝑥 = 4 𝑥 2 𝑥=2
→{ →{ →{ 𝑦 → {2𝑦 = 23 → { →
𝑡=4 𝑢 = 27 3 = 27 3 =3 𝑦=3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,3)

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟏
21 𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: { . 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 √𝟓𝟒 .
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟕

1 1 1 1
log √54 = log 54 = log(2 · 33 ) = (log 2 + log 33 ) = (log 2 + 3 log 3) =
2 2 2 2

1 1 1
= (0.301 + 3 · 0.477) = (0.301 + 1.431) = 1.732 = 0.866
2 2 2

𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
22 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 √ + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 √
𝟗 𝟑𝟐

1 1
1
3 4 1 1 3 1 4 1 1
log 3 √ + log 2 √ = log 3 ( 2 ) + log 2 ( 5 ) = log 3 (3−2 )3 + log 2 (2−5 )4 =
9 32 3 2

2 5 2 5 −8 − 15 23
= log 3 3−3 + log 2 2−4 = − + (− ) = = −
3 4 12 12
 𝟏
23 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟é𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑛 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜: 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( ) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟕
𝟐𝟓
1 1
2 log 3 − log 5 + log ( ) − log 27 = log 32 + log − [log 5 + log 27] =
25 25
9
1 25 9 1
log (9 · ) − log(5 · 27) = log = log = log
25 5 · 27 125 · 27 375

𝟓−𝟐 · √𝟔𝟐𝟓
24 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 ( )
𝟐𝟓 · √𝟏𝟐𝟓

5−2 · √625
log 5 ( ) = log 5 (5−2 ) + log 5 √625 − (log 5 25 + log 5 √125) =
25 · √125
1 1
= −2 log 5 5 + log 5 625 − log 5 25 − log 5 125 =
2 2
1 1
= −2 log 5 5 + log 5 54 − log 5 52 − log 5 53 =
2 2
4 3 4 3 1 7
= −2 log 5 5 + log 5 5 − 2 log 5 5 − log 5 5 = ⏟ − 2 + − 2 − = −4 + = −
2 2 log 5=1
2 2 2 2
5

𝒂𝒃𝟑
25 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑟ó𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓
𝒄 √𝒂𝟐

𝑎𝑏3 5 5
log 5 = log(𝑎𝑏3 ) − log (𝑐 √𝑎2 ) = log 𝑎 + log 𝑏3 − [log 𝑐 + log ( √𝑎2 )] =
𝑐 √𝑎2
2 3
log 𝑎 + 3 log 𝑏 − log 𝑐 − log 𝑎 = log 𝑎 + 3 log 𝑏 − log 𝑐
5 5

𝟐𝟕
26 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑟é𝑠𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 √ 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐

𝐷𝐴𝑇𝑂: 𝑥 = log 2 3 →

27 1 33 1 1 𝟏
log 2 √ = log 2 ( ) = [log 2 33 − log 2 2] = [3 log 2 3 − 1] = (𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏)
2 2 2 2 2 𝟐
 𝟐𝟔𝟒 = 𝒂𝒂
27 { 𝟓𝟒 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃
(√𝟑) = (𝟑𝒃)𝒃

264 = 24·16 = (24 )16 = 1616 → 𝑎𝑎 = 1616 → 𝑎 = 16 → 3𝑎 = 48

√354 = (3𝑏)𝑏 → 327 = (3𝑏)𝑏 → 39·3 = (3𝑏)𝑏 → (33 )9 = (3𝑏)𝑏 → (3 · 9)9 = (3𝑏)𝑏 →

𝑏 = 9 → 2𝑏 = 18

3𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 48 + 18 = 66

28 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟕 𝒙𝟗 = −𝟑

1 9 1
log 27 𝑥 9 = −3 → 𝑥 9 = 27−3 → 𝑥 9 = (33 )−3 → 𝑥 9 = 3−9 → 𝑥 9 = ( ) → 𝑥 =
3 3

29 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 √𝟐

√2
log 2 + log (𝑥 − 3) = log √2 → log(𝑥 − 3) = log √2 − log 2 → log(𝑥 − 3) = log →
2

√2 √2 6 + √2
𝑥−3= →𝑥=3+ → 𝑥=
2 2 2

30 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 ⟦𝟐𝟑−𝒙 − 𝟐⟧ = −𝟏

⟦𝑋⟧ = −1 → −1 ≤ 𝑋 < 0
⟦23−𝑥 − 2⟧ = −1 → −1 ≤ 23−𝑥 − 2 < 0 → 1 ≤ 23−𝑥 < 2 →

log 2 1 ≤ log 2 (23−𝑥 ) < log 2 2 → 0 ≤ 3 − 𝑥 < 1 → −3 ≤ −𝑥 < −2 →

2 < 𝑥 ≤ 3 → 𝑥 ∈ ]2,3]

𝟏
31 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝒙 𝐥𝐧 𝟐 + =𝟎
𝒙𝟐

1 2𝑥 𝑥 2 ln 2 + 1
2𝑥 ln 2 + = 0 → = 0 → 2𝑥 𝑥 2 ln 2 + 1 = 0 → 2𝑥 𝑥 2 ln 2 = −1
𝑥2 𝑥2
2𝑥 > 0, ∀𝑥
𝐿𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠: {𝑥 2 ≥ 0, ∀𝑥 → 2𝑥 𝑥 2 ln 2 ≥ 0 → ∄ 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
ln 2 > 0
 𝟒 𝐥𝐧(𝒆𝟐 ) + 𝐥𝐧(𝒆𝟑 ) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒘 𝟏
32 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝑷 =
𝟓𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟓 𝒘 − 𝒘 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟗

𝐹ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠: log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑛, 𝑎log𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑛 , log 𝑎 1 = 0

4 ln(𝑒 2 ) + ln(𝑒 3 ) − log 𝑤 1 4 · 2 + 3 − 0 11 11

𝑃= log 𝑤
= = = −
5 5 − 𝑤 log 3 9 𝑤−𝑤·2 −𝑤 𝑤

𝑈𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐í𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑎ñ𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒
33 𝑠𝑒𝑔ú𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝑵(𝒕) = 𝑨 − 𝑩 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒕 + 𝟐) . 𝐸𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 ℎ𝑢𝑏𝑜 𝟓𝟐𝟎
𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑠; 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜, 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑎ñ𝑜 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟑 ℎ𝑢𝑏𝑜 𝟒𝟕𝟔 𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑜𝑠. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚í𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑨 𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑩.

𝑁(𝑡) = 𝐴 − 𝐵 log(𝑡 + 2) 𝐴ñ𝑜 2000 → 𝑡 = 0

𝑁(0) = 520 → 𝐴 − 𝐵 log 2 = 520 𝑦 𝑁(3) = 476 → 𝐴 − 𝐵 log 5 = 476
𝐴 − 𝐵 log 2 = 520
𝐴 − 𝐵 log 2 = 520 𝐴 − 𝐵 log 2 = 520
{ ⏟ {2𝐴 − 𝐵 [log
→ ⏟ 2 + log 5] = 996 → {
𝐴 − 𝐵 log 5 = 476 2𝐴 − 𝐵 = 996
𝐸2 +𝐸1 log 10=1
𝐴 − 𝐵 log 2 = 520 𝐴 − (2𝐴 − 996) log 2 = 520
→{ →{ →
𝐵 = 2𝐴 − 996 𝐵 = 2𝐴 − 996
520 − 996 log 2
(1 − 2 log 2)𝐴 = 520 − 996 log 2 → 𝐴 = ≈ 553.28
1 − 2 log 2

520 − 996 log 2

𝐵 = 2𝐴 − 996 → 𝐵 = 2 − 996 ≈ 110.57
1 − 2 log 2

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚𝟔 = 𝟕
34 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: {
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙𝒚) = −𝟑

log 𝑥 + log 𝑦 6 = 7 log 𝑥 + 6 log 𝑦 = 7 𝑟 + 6𝑠 = 7 5𝑠 = 10

{ →{ →
⏟ { ⏟ {
→ →
( )
log 𝑥𝑦 = −3 log 𝑥 + log 𝑦 = −3 𝑟 + 𝑠 = −3 𝑟 + 𝑠 = −3
𝑟=log 𝑥 𝐸1 −𝐸2
{
𝑠=log 𝑦

log 𝑥 = −5 𝑥 = 10−5 𝑥 = 0.00001

{𝑟 = −5 → { →{ 2 →{ → (𝑥, 𝑦) = (10−5 , 102 )
𝑠=2 log 𝑦 = 2 𝑦 = 10 𝑦 = 100

𝟑 𝟓
35 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏 [√√𝟑 ∗ √√𝟑: √𝟗]
𝟑

3 5
5 3
log 3 [√√3 ∗ √√3: √9]
√ √
log 1 [ √3 ∗ √3: √9] = ⏟ =
⏟
3 1
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 log 3 (3) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑙
𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜
5 3
log 3 √√3 + log 3 √√3: √9
=
⏟
log 3 3−1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜≡𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒
 4 5 3 1
log 3 √3 + log 3 √√3: √32 1 3 5
= − [log 3 34 + log 3 (√3: √3 ) ] =
2
−1
1
1 1 3 1 1 32 1 1 1
− [ + log 3 (√3: √32 )] = − [ + log 3 2 ] = − [ + log 3 3−6 ] =
4 5 4 5 4 5
33
1 1 1 1 1 −15 + 2 13
− [ + (− )] = − + = = −
4 5 6 4 30 60 60

𝒂 𝒃
36 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝒂 > 𝒃 > 𝟎, 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒂𝒃) + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 ( − )
𝒃 𝒂
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
log(𝑎2 − 𝑏2 ) = log(𝑎𝑏) + log ( − ) ↔⏟ log(𝑎2 − 𝑏2 ) = log [𝑎𝑏 ( − )] ↔
𝑏 𝑎 log 𝑋+log 𝑌=log(𝑋𝑌) 𝑏 𝑎

𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑎𝑏𝑏
log(𝑎2 − 𝑏2 ) = log [ − ] ↔ log(𝑎2 − 𝑏2 ) = log(𝑎2 − 𝑏2 )
𝑏 𝑎

𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑í𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:

37 𝟏𝟐 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒙 𝟏
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 [ ]=
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒙 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙

12 − log 4 𝑥 1 log 2 𝑥 1 𝑡
(∗) log 𝑥 [ ]= → 𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑡 = log 2 𝑥 → log 4 𝑥 = = log 2 𝑥 =
log 4 𝑥 log 2 𝑥 log 2 4 2 2
log 2 𝐴 1
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛: log 𝑥 𝐴 = = log 2 𝐴
log 2 𝑥 𝑡
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
1 12 − 2 1 12 − 2 𝑡 12 − 2
(∗) log 2 [
𝑡 𝑡 ] = 𝑡 → log 2 [ 𝑡 ] = 𝑡 → log 2 [ 𝑡 ] = 1 →
2 2 2
𝑡
12 − 2 𝑡
𝑡 = 2 → 12 − = 𝑡 → 24 = 3𝑡 → 𝑡 = 8 → log 2 𝑥 = 8 → 𝑥 = 28 = 256 →
2
2
𝑆 = 2 + 5 + 6 = 13

38 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟓𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟓𝒙−𝟐 = 𝟑𝟏

5𝑥 5𝑥 25 · 5𝑥 + 5 · 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 31 · 25
→ 5𝑥 + + = 31 → = → 25 · 5𝑥 + 5 · 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 31 · 25
51 52 25 25
31 · 25
→ (25 + 5 + 1)5𝑥 = 31 · 25 → 31 · 5𝑥 = 31 · 25 → 5𝑥 = → 5𝑥 = 25 → 5𝑥 = 52
31
→ 𝑥=2

𝟐
39 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐(𝟗𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟕) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐(𝟑𝒙−𝟏 + 𝟏)
 log 2 (9𝑥−1 + 7) = log 2 (3𝑥−1 + 1)2 → 9𝑥−1 + 7 = (3𝑥−1 + 1)2 →
(32 )𝑥−1 + 7 = (3𝑥−1 )2 + 2 · 3𝑥−1 + 1 → 32𝑥−2 + 7 = 32𝑥−2 + 2 · 3𝑥−1 + 1 →

2 · 3𝑥−1 = 6 → 3𝑥−1 = 3 → 𝑥 − 1 = 1 → 𝑥 = 2

40 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒆𝟐𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙+𝟐 = 𝒆𝒙+𝟏 − 𝒆𝟑

𝑒 2𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥+2 = 𝑒 𝑥+1 − 𝑒 3 → (𝑒 𝑥 )2 − 𝑒 𝑥 · 𝑒 2 = 𝑒 𝑥 · 𝑒1 − 𝑒 3 →

𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑡 2 − 𝑒 2 𝑡 = 𝑡 · 𝑒 − 𝑒 3 → 𝑡 2 − (𝑒 2 + 𝑒)𝑡 + 𝑒 3 = 0 →

𝑒 2 + 𝑒 ± √(𝑒 2 + 𝑒)2 − 4𝑒 3 𝑒 2 + 𝑒 ± √𝑒 4 − 2𝑒 3 + 𝑒 2 𝑒 2 + 𝑒 ± √(𝑒 2 − 𝑒)2

𝑡= = = →
2 2 2
𝑒 2 + 𝑒 ± (𝑒 2 − 𝑒) 2 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒2 → 𝑥 = 2
𝑡= = {𝑒 → { 𝑥
2 𝑒 𝑒 =𝑒→ 𝑥=1

41 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟓𝟎𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟓(𝟏𝟐𝒙) + 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟓(𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝟔) + 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟓(𝟏𝟐𝒙−𝟑𝟔)

500 = 100 ∗ 1.005(12𝑥) + 100 ∗ 1.005(12𝑥−36) + 300 ∗ 1.005(12𝑥−36) →

500 = 100 ∗ 1.00512𝑥 + 400 ∗ 1.00512𝑥−36 →

1.00512𝑥
500 = 100 ∗ 1.00512𝑥 + 400 ∗ →
1.00536
1.00512𝑥 4
5 = 1.00512𝑥 + 4 ∗ 36
→ 5 = (1 + ) 1.00512𝑥 →
1.005 1.00536
5 ∗ 1.00536
5 ∗ 1.00536 = (1.00536 + 4)1.00512𝑥 → 1.00512𝑥 = →
1.00536 + 4
5 ∗ 1.00536 5 ∗ 1.00536
log 1.00512𝑥 = log ( ) → 12𝑥 ∗ log 1.005 = log ( )→
1.00536 + 4 1.00536 + 4

5 ∗ 1.00536
log ( )
1.00536 + 4
𝑥= → 𝑥 ≈ 2.35536
12 ∗ log 1.005

𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙)
42 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: =𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒)

log(16 − 𝑥)
= 2 → log(16 − 𝑥) = 2 log(3𝑥 − 4) → log(16 − 𝑥) = log[(3𝑥 − 4)2 ] →
log(3𝑥 − 4)

16 − 𝑥 = (3𝑥 − 4)2 → 16 − 𝑥 = 9𝑥 2 − 24𝑥 + 16 → 9𝑥 2 − 23𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 (9𝑥 − 23) = 0 →

 𝑥 = 0 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠∄ log(−4))
{ 23
9𝑥 − 23 = 0 → 𝑥 =
9
log(16 − 𝑥)
𝐷𝑒 𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜: =2 →
⏟ log (3𝑥−4) (16 − 𝑥) = 2 →
⏟
log(3𝑥 − 4) 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜.

16 − 𝑥 = (3𝑥 − 4)2 → ⋯

43 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑥 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜: 𝑎) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟐 , 𝑏) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙𝟐 = −𝟐 , 𝑐) 𝟕𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓, 𝑑) 𝟓−𝒙 = 𝟑

2
𝑎) log 3𝑥 = 2 → 𝑥 · log 3 = 2 → 𝑥 = ≈ 4.1918
log 3
1 1
𝑏) log 𝑥 2 = −2 → 𝑥 2 = 10−2 → 𝑥 2 = 2
→ 𝑥 = ±√ 2 → 𝑥 = ±0.1
10 10
log 115
𝑐) 7𝑥 = 115 → log 7𝑥 = log 115 → 𝑥 · log 7 = log 115 → 𝑥 = ≈ 2.4384
log 7
1 1
𝑑) 5−𝑥 = 3 → 𝑥
= 3 → log ( 𝑥 ) = log 3 → log 1 − log 5𝑥 = log 3 →
5 5
log 3 log 3
0 − 𝑥 · log 5 = log 3 → −𝑥 = →𝑥= − ≈ 0.6836
log 5 log 5

45 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙 = 𝟑(𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝟓 + 𝟒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝟐 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝟑)

log 𝑎 𝑥 = 3(log 𝑎 5 + 4 log 𝑎 2 − log 𝑎 3) →

log 𝑎 𝑥 = 3(log 𝑎 5 + log 𝑎 24 − log 𝑎 3) →

log 𝑎 𝑥 = 3(log 𝑎 (5 · 24 ) − log 𝑎 3) →

80 80 3 512000
log 𝑎 𝑥 = 3 (log 𝑎 ) → log 𝑎 𝑥 = log 𝑎 ( ) → log 𝑎 𝑥 = log 𝑎 →
3 3 27
512000
𝑥=
27

46 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 − 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔) = 𝟐

𝑥2
2 log 𝑥 − log(𝑥 − 16) = 2 → log 𝑥 2 − log(𝑥 − 16) = 2 → log =2→
𝑥 − 16
𝑥2 2
𝑥2
log = log 10 → = 100 → 𝑥 2 = 100𝑥 − 1600 → 𝑥 2 − 100𝑥 + 1600 = 0 →
𝑥 − 16 𝑥 − 16
100 ± √3600 𝑥 = 80
𝑥= ={ 𝐴𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠.
2 𝑥 = 20
 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟐 − 𝒚) + 𝟏
47 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: {
𝟑𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝒚+𝟑

log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log (2 − 𝑦) + 1 log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log(2 − 𝑦) + log 10

{ → { →
3𝑥−1 = 27𝑦+3 3𝑥−1 = (33 )𝑦+3
log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log[(2 − 𝑦)10] 2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 20 − 10𝑦 2(3𝑦 + 10) − 𝑦 2 = 20 − 10𝑦
{ → { → {
3𝑥−1 = 33𝑦+9 𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑦 + 9 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10
𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 10
6𝑦 + 20 − 𝑦 2 = 20 − 10𝑦 → 16𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 0 → 𝑦(16 − 𝑦) = 0 → {
𝑦 = 16 → 𝑥 = 58

𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑟í𝑎: log(116 − 256) = log(−140) ∉ ℝ

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (10,0)

48 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝟒𝒙+𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎

4𝑥+1 + 2𝑥+3 = 320 → 4𝑥 · 4 + 2𝑥 · 23 = 320 → 4 · (22 )𝑥 + 8 · 2𝑥 − 320 = 0 →

→ 4 · (2𝑥 )2 + 8 · 2𝑥 − 320 = 0 →
⏟ 4𝑦 2 + 8𝑦 − 320 = 0 → 4(𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 80) = 0 →
𝑦=2𝑥

−2 ± √324 𝑦 = 8 → 2𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 3
𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 − 80 = 0 → 𝑦 = ={
2 𝑦 = −10 → 2𝑥 = −10 → 𝑥 = log 2 (−10) (∄)

1
49 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 368𝑥−6 =
6
1 1
368𝑥−6 = → (62 )8𝑥−6 = 1 → 62(8𝑥−6) = 6−1 → 2(8𝑥 − 6) = −1 → 16𝑥 − 12 = −1
6 6
11
→ 16𝑥 = 11 → 𝑥 =
16

𝑎) 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 + 𝟐) + 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟏
50 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑒: { 𝟐 −𝟐𝒙
𝑏) 𝟐𝒙 −𝟖=𝟎

𝑎) log(𝑥 + 2) + log(𝑥 − 1) = 1 → log[(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1)] = 1 → (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 10 →

𝑥 = −4 (𝑛𝑜 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 8 = 0 → {
𝑥=3
2 −2𝑥 2 2 −2𝑥
𝑏) 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 → 2𝑥 −2𝑥 = 8 → 2𝑥 = 23 → 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 = 3 → 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 = −1
→{
𝑥=3
 𝒙𝒚 𝟏
51 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝒚
= 𝟖𝟐𝒙
𝒚

𝑥 𝑦 3
( ) = 22𝑥
𝑦
𝑥 3 3 3
𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜: = 2𝑡 → 2𝑡𝑦 = 22𝑥 → 𝑡𝑦 = →𝑦=
𝑦 2𝑥 2𝑥𝑡
𝑥 𝑥
= 2𝑡 𝑦= 𝑡
𝑦 2 𝑥 3 3 · 2𝑡 3 · 2𝑡
{ →{ → = → 𝑥 2
= → 𝑥 = √
3 3 2𝑡 2𝑥𝑡 2𝑡 2𝑡
𝑦= 𝑦=
2𝑥𝑡 2𝑥𝑡

√3 √3
𝑡 = 1 → 𝑥 = √3 → 𝑦 = → (𝑥, 𝑦) = (√3, )
2 2

52 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔(𝟓𝒙 − 𝟗)𝟐 = 𝟒

𝐷𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠:

∗ log 6 (5𝑥 − 9)2 = 4 → (5𝑥 − 9)2 = 64 → 25𝑥 2 − 90𝑥 + 81 = 1296 →

𝑥=9
25𝑥 2 − 90𝑥 − 1215 = 0 → { 27 (𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠)
𝑥=−
5
∗∗ log 6 (5𝑥 − 9)2 = 4 →⏟ 2 log 6 |5𝑥 − 9| = 4 → log 6 |5𝑥 − 9| = 2 →
log𝑎 𝑋 2=2 log𝑎 |𝑋|
𝑆𝑖 𝑋>0→log𝑎 𝑋
5𝑥 − 9 = 36 → 5𝑥 = 45 → 𝑥 = 9
2
|5𝑥 − 9| = 6 → { 27
5𝑥 − 9 = −36 → 5𝑥 = −27 → 𝑥 = −
5

53 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: ∑ 𝟑𝟐𝒏 = 𝟓𝟗𝟕𝟖𝟕𝟎

𝒏=𝟏

32 (32𝑥 − 1)
⏟2 + 34 + 36 + ⋯ + 32𝑥
3 = 597870 → = 597870 →
𝑆𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑎
32 − 1
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑧ó𝑛 32
𝑦 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑟 𝑡é𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜 32 .

597870 ∗ 8
32𝑥 − 1 = → 32𝑥 = 1 + 531440 → 32𝑥 = 312 → 2𝑥 = 12 → 𝑥 = 6
9

54 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒: (𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟗) 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟑

2 −5𝑥+9 1000
(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9) log 2 + log 125 = 3 → log(2𝑥 ) + log = log 103 →
8
 2 −5𝑥+9 2 −5𝑥+9
log(2𝑥 ) + log 1000 − log 8 = log 1000 → log(2𝑥 ) = log 23 →

2 −5𝑥+9 𝑥=2
2𝑥 = 23 → 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 9 = 3 → 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 → { (𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠)
𝑥=3

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠:

𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝟐 − 𝒚) + 𝟏
𝑎) { 𝑏) {
55 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕𝒚+𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝒙 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚 = 𝟐𝟏 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 + 𝒚) − 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝒙 − 𝟐𝒚) = 𝟏
𝑐) { 𝑑) {
𝒙+𝒚= 𝟏 𝟓𝒙+𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓𝒚+𝟏

𝑥 − 𝑦 = 27 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦
𝑎) { →{ →{ 𝑥 →{ 𝑥 →
log 𝑥 − 1 = log 𝑦 log 𝑥 − log 10 = log 𝑦 log ( ) = log 𝑦 =𝑦
10 10
𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 27 + 𝑦
{ →{ →{ →{
𝑥 = 10𝑦 10𝑦 = 27 + 𝑦 9𝑦 = 27 𝑦 = 3 → 𝑥 = 30
→ 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: (𝑥, 𝑦) = (30,3)

log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log(2 − 𝑦) + 1 log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log(2 − 𝑦) + log 10

𝑏) { → { →
3𝑥−1 = 27𝑦+3 3𝑥−1 = (33 )𝑦+3
log(2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 ) = log[(2 − 𝑦) · 10] 2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 = 20 − 10𝑦
→
⏟ { → { →
log(𝐴𝐵)=log 𝐴+log 𝐵 3𝑥−1 = 33𝑦+9 𝑥 − 1 = 3𝑦 + 9

2𝑥 − 𝑦 2 − 20 + 10𝑦 = 0 2(3𝑦 + 10) − 𝑦 2 − 20 + 10𝑦 = 0

→{ →{ →
𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10
6𝑦 + 20 − 𝑦 2 − 20 + 10𝑦 = 0 −𝑦 2 + 16𝑦 = 0 𝑦(−𝑦 + 16) = 0
{ →{ →{ →
𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10 𝑥 = 3𝑦 + 10
𝑦 = 0 → 𝑥 = 10
{ → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: (𝑥, 𝑦) = (10,0)
𝑦 = 16 → 𝑥 = 58 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒, 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑟í𝑎 log(−14))
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 21 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 21 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 (1 − 𝑥) + (1 − 𝑥)2 = 21
𝑐) { →{ →{ →
𝑥+𝑦 = 1 𝑦 = 1−𝑥 𝑦 = 1−𝑥

1 ± √81 5
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 21 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20 = 0 ={
{ →{ → {𝑥 = 2 −4 →
𝑦 =1−𝑥 𝑦 = 1−𝑥
𝑦 = 1−𝑥

𝑥 = 5 → 𝑦 = −4 (𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = (5, −4)
{ → 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠: 1 1
𝑥 = −4 → 𝑦 = 5 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) = (−4,5)

𝑥2 + 𝑦
log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦) − log(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 1 log = log 10
𝑑) { →
⏟ { 𝑥 − 2𝑦 →
5𝑥+1 = 25𝑦+1 𝐴 𝑥+1 2 𝑦+1
log( )=log 𝐴−log 𝐵
𝐵
5 = (5 )
log 10=1

𝑥2 + 𝑦
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 10(𝑥 − 2𝑦) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 10𝑥 − 20𝑦
{ 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 10 → { →{ →
𝑥+1 2𝑦+2
𝑥 + 1 = 2𝑦 + 2 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1
5 =5
 (2𝑦 + 1)2 + 𝑦 = 10(2𝑦 + 1) − 20𝑦 4𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 1 + 𝑦 = 20𝑦 + 10 − 20𝑦
{ →{ →
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1 𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1

−5 ± √169 1 9
2 𝑦= ={ 9 𝑦 = 1 → 𝑥 = − (𝑛𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒 (∗))
4𝑦 + 5𝑦 − 9 = 0 4
{ →{ 8 − → { →
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1 4 9 18
𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 1 𝑦=− →𝑥 =− +1
4 4
7 9
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: (𝑥, 𝑦) = (− , − )
2 4
7 3
(∗) 𝐴𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑟: log(𝑥 − 2𝑦) = log (− + 2) = log (− ) ∉ ℝ
2 2

𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑨 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔 𝟏𝟔 𝑦 𝑩 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟕 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
56
(𝑨 + 𝒂)(𝑩 + 𝒃) = 𝒄, 𝑠𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠.

log 2 16 4 3 log 2 3
𝐴 = log 6 16 = = ; 𝐵 = log12 27 = 𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑥 = log 2 3
log 2 (2 · 3) 1 + log 2 3 2 + log 2 3
4 4−𝐴
𝐴= 𝑥=
{ 1 + 𝑥 → { 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑥 = 4 → { 𝐴 → 4 − 𝐴 = −2𝐵 →
3𝑥 2𝐵 + 𝐵𝑥 = 3𝑥 −2𝐵 𝐴 𝐵−3
𝐵= 𝑥=
2+𝑥 𝐵−3
4𝐵 + 3𝐴 − 𝐴𝐵 + 12 = −2𝐴𝐵 → 𝐴𝐵 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐴 − 12 = 0 → 𝐴𝐵 + 4𝐵 + 3𝐴 + 12 = 24 →

𝑎=4
𝐵(𝐴 + 4) + 3(𝐴 + 4) = 24 → (𝐴 + 4)(𝐵 + 3) = 24 → { 𝑏 = 3
𝑐 = 24

𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝒃 𝑦 𝒄 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑖á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡á𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝒂 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒

57 𝑙𝑎 ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑎, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐á𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑏 ≠ 1 𝑦 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑏 ≠ 1. 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑢é𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒:
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂+𝒃 𝒄 + 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂−𝒃 𝒄 = 𝟐 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂+𝒃 𝒄 · 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂−𝒃 𝒄

𝑎 > 𝑏 → 𝑎 − 𝑏 > 0. 𝑌 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠, 𝑎 + 𝑏 > 0.

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖é𝑛: 𝑎 2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 → 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 → 𝑐 2 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)
log 𝑐 𝑐 log 𝑐 𝑐 1 1
log 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 + log 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐 = + = + =
log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏)

log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) + log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) log 𝑐 [(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏)] log 𝑐 (𝑎2 − 𝑏2 )

= = = =
log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) · log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) · log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) · log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏)

log 𝑐 𝑐 2 2 2
= = = =
log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) · log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) log 𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏) · log 𝑐 (𝑎 − 𝑏) log 𝑎+𝑏 (𝑎 + 𝑏) log 𝑎−𝑏 (𝑎 − 𝑏)
log 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 · log 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐
2
= = 2 log 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 · log 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐
1 1
log 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐 · log 𝑎−𝑏 𝑐
 (𝟑𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒂−𝒃 = 𝟗 𝒂
58 𝑆𝑒𝑎: { 𝟏 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝑴 = 𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒃
𝟑𝟐𝟒𝒂−𝒃 = 𝟏𝟖𝒂𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒂𝒃 + 𝟐𝒃𝟐

(3𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑎−𝑏 = 9 𝑎 𝑎
{ 1 𝑀 = 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑏 𝑙𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜: (𝑎𝑏)(𝑎𝑏)
324𝑎−𝑏 = 18𝑎2 + 12𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏2
2
(3𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑎−𝑏 = 9 |3𝑎 + 𝑏| = 3𝑎−𝑏
{ 1 →{ 2 →
(182 )𝑎−𝑏 = 2(9𝑎2 + 6𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 ) (2 · 9)𝑎−𝑏 = 2 · (3𝑎 + 𝑏)2
2 2
|3𝑎 + 𝑏| = 3𝑎−𝑏 |3𝑎 + 𝑏| = 3𝑎−𝑏 | |
{ 2 4 4
⏟ {
→ 2
→ { 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3 →
𝑎−𝑏 = 2
2 𝑎−𝑏 ·3𝑎−𝑏 =2·3𝑎−𝑏 4
≠0 2𝑎−𝑏 = 21
𝑎−𝑏
∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑆𝑂 1º:
5
5 3 15 4
|3𝑎 + 𝑏| = 3 → {3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3 → 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = − → (𝑎𝑏)𝑎 = (− ) ∈ ℂ
𝑎−𝑏=2 4 4 16
∗∗ 𝐶𝐴𝑆𝑂 2º:
1
𝑎=−
3𝑎 + 𝑏 = −3 → 𝑏 = −3 − 3𝑎 → 𝐸𝑛 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2 → 𝑎 + 3 + 3𝑎 = 2 → { 4
9
𝑏=−
4
1
−
9 9 4 2
𝑎𝑏 = → (𝑎𝑏)𝑎 = ( ) =
16 16 √3
2
9 √3
𝑀=( )
16

𝑆𝑖 𝒂 𝑦 𝒃 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟á𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙√𝟓 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒:

59 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂+𝒃(𝟑𝒂𝒃)
𝑬= √𝟐𝟓𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟓 𝒂 + 𝟒𝟗𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟕 𝒃

𝑆𝑖 𝑎 𝑦 𝑏 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 2 − √5𝑥 + 1 = 0, 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑓ó𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑜 − 𝑉𝑖è𝑡𝑒:

𝑎 + 𝑏 = √5 𝑦 𝑎𝑏 = 1 →

log 5 3 log 5 3 2 log 3 3 2

log 𝑎+𝑏 (3𝑎𝑏) = log √5 3 = = = 2 log 5 3 = =
log 5 √5 1 log 3 5 log 3 5
2
2
25log5 𝑎 = (52 )log5 𝑎 = (5log5 𝑎 ) = 𝑎2 ; 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒: 49log7 𝑏 = 𝑏2

2
→ 25log5 𝑎 + 49log7 𝑏 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − 2𝑎𝑏 = (√5) − 2 · 1 = 3

1
1 2 log3 5 1 1
𝐸= 3log𝑎+𝑏 (3𝑎𝑏) = 3 log3 5 =3 2 = (3log3 5 )2 = 52 = √5
 60 𝑆𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟔 𝟏𝟓 = 𝒂 𝑦 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟖 = 𝒃. 𝐻á𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟒 𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝒂 𝑦 𝒃.

log 5 24 log 5 (6 · 4) 1 1
log 25 24 = = = [log 5 6 + log 5 4] = [log 5 2 + log 5 3 + 2 log 5 2] →
log 5 25 2 2 2
1
log 25 24 = [3 log 5 2 + log 5 3]
2
log 5 15 log 5 5 + log 5 3 1 + log 5 3
𝑎 = log 6 15 = = →𝑎=
log 5 6 log 5 2 + log 5 3 log 5 2 + log 5 3
log 5 18 2 log 5 3 + log 5 2
𝑏 = log12 18 = = =
log 5 12 log 5 3 + 2 log 5 2
1+𝑦
𝑎=
𝑥 = log 5 2 𝑥+𝑦 𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 − 1)𝑦 = 1
𝑆𝑖 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑜: { → →{ →
𝑦 = log 5 3 𝑥 + 2𝑦 (2𝑏 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2)𝑦 = 0
𝑏=
{ 2𝑥 + 𝑦
2−𝑏
𝑥=
{ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 1 → log 24 = 1 (3𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑏−5
25
2𝑏 − 1 2 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 1)
𝑦=
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 1

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟐 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟓
61 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎: { 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 = 𝟏
𝟏
𝟐𝒚

𝑃𝑅𝐼𝑀𝐸𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁:

log 2 𝑥𝑦 = 5 𝑥𝑦 = 25 𝑥𝑦 = 32
𝑥 1 𝑥𝑦 = 32 2𝑥 2 = 32 𝑥 2 = 16
{ → {𝑥 1 → { 𝑥 1 →{ → { → { →
log 1 = 1 =( ) = 𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥
2 𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑦 2

𝑥 = ±4 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (4,8)
{ → 𝐷𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 (𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑠 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠):
𝑦 = 2𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦)(−4, −8)

𝑆𝑖 ℎ𝑢𝑏í𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑆𝐸𝐺𝑈𝑁𝐷𝐴 𝑅𝐸𝑆𝑂𝐿𝑈𝐶𝐼Ó𝑁:

(𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙)
log 2 𝐴 log 2 𝐴
log 1 𝐴 = = = − log 2 𝐴
2 1 −1
log 2 2

log 2 𝑥𝑦 = 5
𝑥 log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 5 log 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 5 log 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 5
{ → { →
⏟ { 2 → { 2 →
log 1 = 1 −log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 1 2 log 2 𝑦 = 6 log 2 𝑦 = 3
2 𝑦 𝐸2 +𝐸1

log 2 𝑥 + log 2 𝑦 = 5 log 𝑥 + 3 = 5 log 𝑥 = 2 𝑥=4

{ →{ 2 →{ 2 →{
𝑦 = 23 𝑦=8 𝑦=8 𝑦=8

𝑌 ℎ𝑢𝑏𝑖é𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 (−4, −8).

 𝑋>0
𝐴𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜: 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑎 log 𝑎 (𝑋𝑌) = log 𝑎 𝑋 + log 𝑎 𝑌 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖 {
𝑌>0
𝐸𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 é𝑠𝑡𝑒, 𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑟:

log 2 |𝑥| + log 2 |𝑦| = 5 𝑟 = |𝑥|

{log 1 |𝑥| − log 1 |𝑦| = 1 , 𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: { , 𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑠 = |𝑦 |
2 2

𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜.

𝟏 𝟐−𝒚
=( )𝟒√𝒙
62 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎: { 𝟐
𝒚
𝟑𝐥𝐨𝐠𝟗 𝒙 =
𝟑

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑎 2ª 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
log 3 𝑥 1 1 1
log 9 𝑥 = = log 3 𝑥 → 3log9 𝑥 = (3log3 𝑥 )2 = 𝑥 2 = √𝑥
log 3 9 2
𝑦
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠, é𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎: √𝑥 =
3
𝑦 1 2−𝑦 𝑦
𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 1ª 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 43 = ( ) (∗) → (22 )3 = (2−1 )2−𝑦 →
2
2𝑦 2𝑦 6
2 3 = 2𝑦−2 → = 𝑦 − 2 → 2𝑦 = 3𝑦 − 6 → 𝑦 = 6; √𝑥 = → 𝑥 = 9 →
3 3
(𝑥, 𝑦) = (9,6)
2 1 𝑦 2 1 1 3
𝑆𝑖 𝑒𝑛 (∗) (2𝑦 )3 = · 2 → (𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑡 = 2𝑦 ) 𝑡 3 = 𝑡 → 𝑡 2 = 𝑡 →
4 4 64
𝑡 = 0 → 2𝑦 = 0 (𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒)
𝑡 3 − 64𝑡 2 = 0 → 𝑡 2 (𝑡 − 64) = 0 → { ˅
𝑡 = 64 → 2𝑦 = 64 → 𝑦 = 6

𝟓
63 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎: { 𝒚 · 𝒙𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒚 𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟒 𝒚 · 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒚(𝒚 − 𝟑𝒙) = 𝟏

5
𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 log 𝑦 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 1ª 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: log 𝑦 (𝑦 · 𝑥 log𝑦 𝑥 ) = log 𝑦 𝑥 2 →
5 5
log 𝑦 𝑦 + log 𝑦 𝑥 log𝑦 𝑥 = log 𝑦 𝑥 → 1 + log 𝑦 𝑥 · log 𝑦 𝑥 = log 𝑦 𝑥 →
2 2
log 𝑦 𝑥 = 2 → 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 (∗)
5 ± √25 − 16 ˅
2 log 2𝑦 𝑥 − 5 log 𝑦 𝑥 + 2 = 0 → log 𝑦 𝑥 = →{ 1
4
log 𝑦 𝑥 = → 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 (∗∗)
2
𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑎 2ª 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
 log 4 (𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 )
(∗) log 4 𝑦 · log 𝑦 (𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 ) = 1 → log 4 𝑦 · = 1 → log 4 (𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 ) = 1 →
log 4 𝑦

1 ± √−47
𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 = 41 → 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0 → 𝑦 = ∉ℝ
6
log 4 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥)
(∗∗) log 4 𝑥 2 · log 𝑥 2 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) = 1 → log 4 𝑥 2 · = 1 → log 4 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) = 1 →
log 4 𝑥 2

3 ± √25 𝑥 = 4 → 𝑦 = 42
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 = 41 → 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 4 = 0 → 𝑥 = →{ ˅
2
𝑥 = −1 (𝑛𝑜 𝑣á𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜)

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (4,16)

𝒙 𝒙 𝟐𝒙
64 𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝟒𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐ú𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑒: 𝟐𝟐
𝑥 𝑥
42 + 22 = 56 →
⏟ 4𝑡 + 2𝑡 = 56 → 22𝑡 + 2𝑡 = 56 → (2𝑡 )2 + 2𝑡 − 56 = 0 →
𝑡=2𝑥

−1 ± √1 + 224 −8 𝑡 = log 2 (−8) → ∄

2𝑡 = ={ →{ → 2𝑥 = log 2 7 → 𝑥 = log 2 (log 2 7) →
2 7 𝑡 = log 2 7
𝑥 2𝑥
2𝑥 = log 2 7 → 22 = 2log2 7 = 7 → 22 = 27 = 128

65
1 1 3 1
log 25 24 = log 5 24 = [log 5 23 + log 5 3] → log 25 24 = log 5 2 + log 5 3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
𝑎 = log 6 15 = log 6 3 + log 6 5 = + = + =
log 3 6 log 5 6 1 + log 3 2 log 5 2 + log 5 3
1 1 1 + log 5 3 1 + log 5 3
= + = →𝑎=
log 2 log 5 2 + log 5 3 log 5 2 + log 5 3 log 5 2 + log 5 3
1 + log 5 3
5

1 2 1 2
𝑏 = log12 18 = log12 2 + 2 log12 3 = + = + =
log 2 12 log 3 12 2 + log 2 3 1 + 2 log 3 2
1 2 log 5 2 2 log 5 3 log 5 2 + 2 log 5 3
= + = + →𝑏=
log 3 log 2 2 log 5 2 + log 5 3 log 5 3 + 2 log 5 2 log 5 3 + 2 log 5 2
2 + log 5 2 1 + 2 log 5 3
5 5

2−𝑏
𝑎 log 5 2 + (𝑎 − 1) log 5 3 = 1 log 5 2 =
{ →
⏟ { 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏 + 1 →
(2𝑏 − 1) log 5 2 + (𝑏 − 2) log 5 3 = 0 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 2𝑏 − 1
log 5 3 =
𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏 + 1
3 2−𝑏 1 2𝑏 − 1 5−𝑏
log 25 24 = · + · =
2 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏 + 1 2 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏 + 1 2𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑏 − 4𝑏 + 2
 𝒙+𝟑
66 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢é𝑙𝑣𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛: 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 >𝟏
𝒙−𝟏

𝑥+3 𝑥 < −3
𝐴𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟í𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 → >0→{ ˅
𝐻𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑥−1
𝑥>1 → 𝑥>1
∧
{ 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑟í𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 → 0 < 𝑥 < 1 ˅ 𝑥 > 1
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3 𝑥+3

log 𝑥 > 1 → log 𝑥 > log 𝑥 𝑥 →
⏟ >𝑥→ −𝑥>0→
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥>1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)
>0 →⏟ 𝑥 + 3 − 𝑥(𝑥 − 1) > 0 → −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 > 0 →
𝑥−1 𝑥−1>0

−1 < 𝑥 < 3
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 < 0 → (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) < 0 → { → 1 < 𝑥 < 3 → 𝑆 = ]1,3[
𝑥>1

PROFESOR: ANTONIUS BENEDICTUS