Badnnisa Orpi

1810068

Heat Lab
ME -310
1-

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 11-12-1022
- .

Lecture 04 -

-
Shell and Tube Heat
Exchangers Design
(Paret EC -

in
Heat
exchanger -> Fluid 57 heat exchange
general care

Reheat

Regeneration
shell & tube?
Why
-volume to
weight
ratio is high be

So, is space so
the heat exchange
rate total
-> Effective heat transfer
to construct
-
Easy
- calculation 32TFC Butarj uot scaling,
modeling at project
IPE

22m
Floating support two EW, fixed Zia
-
 ** Counters flow is heat transfer to EE.

T &
↑ not
fluid
I
parallel Flow]
[For

of cold fluid
i

otest counter
[For
const flow]

to create difference.
-
There'll be pump pressure
-> Buffer will be of circular shape, it

different to enhance
guider fluid in path
beat transfers and also support the tubes
 so they don't fail

Components of STHE

wat 25,
Main components synt
shell, shell cover
*

2. Tubes, tube sheet

4.

shell side a nozzle we tix 22

plate
impingementis
&

use

to
The roots and spacer -> tube it
weight
support (100 Biat
-> Bufle curve
I

Botle and shell 50 Eigen space

-

->

TEMA

Terminology
six water-> Type-A
clean of
tube side s

easier to clean.
* Tube is

high velocity also

-with the

-Tube is
help of

easy
to repair replace
shell - earien,
we'll do this
One pass

of U-tube:
problem
- U-bend I cleaning torso
 Head STHE
Kettle
type/Floating
wein-Indicate the water level

& Pitch
tube Layout

a
I
- Pr-
 Baffles
-

method
Single segmental
dia. 40-60%
distance 5 020451
shell

Baffle cut 25-30%

Dia etc. root 65 AM NO. But

we've to maintain this

Design
and Rating
↓ ↳ and
answete, unique
open and individual
parameterFro solution
condition 25 (Heat transfer
-retr etc) rate eta)
-

(Dia, length
Workout-I:
-Economizere-Reheater
BrBr5
SE type problem
-IF and
quiz s

inn = 18 TOh1 = 18,000

kg/h
=

5KgIs
40°
Inlet temperature, Ti =

cit
#
u
iTe = 70°C

OT
P2 is
5x4118x30
-

62.7
=>
kW

mg 16kg/5
=

T 200"a
=

To = 1

Pw
Og
=

6217kW
mgX2XOT
=
=>

16x11005x
=> 0T =
62.7x10
 _: 0T = 161.011 0C

Round figure 5160 on 165,

*
which is
logical
N

L next
165385m
WT
M
enough
-S ,lootinte
Toron
sare Fort
5 different
-> parallel on counter flow
an
consider
countenflow
and w, we'll

HT FFEN,

Why LMTD?
constant erro
->temperature difference
satisfac
so LMD mean to practically
result water,
torey connection zite myst
-But Satay for
connection factor
↳
MRHT
 R 1.33
=

F 0.92
=

cross flow design:

flow.
-

So. LMTD value for cross

Heat transfer equation:

9 VAUTmXF
=

↳ overall heat transfer coefficient

than mode of
when more one

heat transfers is present.

1
AU
m =

ArSwrtothe assume

ZTg 25 1
 0.025 zxxxd-
0.025 =---

3
of each tube 0.76m
Length
=
=

No of passer=2

No. of tuber= 50

if

to
ched"t? check
How correc
design
is
difference
scree
prees
I

workout-O2:
resistance -> Fan 350 Ft/mount
Fouling
 12-12-2022
- -

Lecture -

05
-

LMTD: Effective NTU

O

Ebesign) (Rating)

Cool T1 T2
Y Y

< X
Hot
Th
Ty

in LMTD
be known
4 temperatures should

method

0 =
UACTLM
↑
I
Y T

2 2

TB

inlet temp t 20x

only
effective NTU method (e ZW
Workout -
08:
-
IF
t 2

T I

di
-1:
*

·
Math 55 3Rts
schematic diagram
-
ENGZ

tmys, we'll
counter flow
oth's
* shell and tube we

analogy
 ↓ =
58kgIS
mo

=57/ TzF77
T
I 5

tl
< X
ty

t tc 177°
= =

Step-2: Heat balance

-

ioxCoil X OT msxhfg
=

2o2skilkg
&
I ↓ L
58 77 - 57
2100

=n 1.20kgs
=

Step-3:
-
O:UATTLM

OT2
87.
-

OT(M =
-
In
252

=
109.69'c
 Design:
0

//
=

-> Assume #D.L

A t
Find
-
-

-> select pipe length

-> select no. oftube pass
offlow
-> select economic velocity
-> Find numbers of tuber needed
↑
ni=I AV
a
crossectional
area
A =

Di2 stand-
we'll take some
i.e. ifDix0.27,
and value like 0.25

Now, we'll
determine the
It'll be trial- 1.

to the obtained pana-

value of 0
according
metevor. If Nobtained Vassumed

- & that's out

-
refined

design
 - As we are
using
-=conduction metal (chetc),
resistance +
UA
conductionresis -

condrection
W
+
fance be

↓ Fouling
can
H

ignored
ono,
↑+
② no

hi

resistance
Foring
5 unit 7TZ ZB
:No FAi noAo + &t INTERF
RF
-

#O
-

0 Rr)
(1
+

u
+

nio-hix
 v =
(not to RT
& 6.6x15"m"k/w
Here, hohio
-
+
hio
is dominating
we'll
here. So,
factors
and it'll
assume ho
not affect the calcula-
tion much
-
no -1000 50 range
18500/9000 ets

Nu
=
=
UDi
0.023k8x0033x()0
=

↳
Re=
P
↳ke xi(x ea
=
=

↳ mass

:CROSS-Sectional Area, notbe velocity

2 (IV)
A =
512 1195x10"x380stwo
*x( =

pass
 i =
= 1984
Area

67°
For oil, at film temp =

77 =

3.02x10*Kglm.s
r867°c
=

Re =
tDi=10347
pn =

=
47.68

at wall temperature
,TFFC
un = ll

Mw=1
* iteration //
S *Tw ·I'

⑧in = noAo (177-Tw) -

,
I (wall

Dont = niAi (Tw-6) temp

T F7
=

2
- 67°
Now,

hi 1023x(10847)88x(47.68)0-33
=

n 5)
*:

hi H135W/MK
=> (Foretrial =
 1135

(177-TW) hi(Tw-67)
G

:not =

I O
800 For ease of

Tw
=
164°C calculation,
=
diedo
A0
-: Ai =

(5 oz)T
j
care
v =

+
For practical
acceptable
:

100 ZE
= 1000 w/MK

factore?
Determining fouling the
*
problem
-It is usually required
for
rating
-
1135 W/MK
A 35=
m Ugiven
9 = 2.436x106w
*T(M 109.69°C
=

u =
= = 634W/nk
ANTI

=639
=

+ RF)
(nro
v =
+

:: RF B
=
 Conrelation:

De 0.36Reg055p0.33j)0.14
=

From shell 8. tube:

diameter
get equivalent
3
we'll
Kern method
->
method.
method from this
-> Bell
tater
(square
on
triangle
↓
12,
need to
are
* If we G
obtain the heat cheap AB zouSO-GONST
tube
side
Foter
in shell
25

formula.
pressure drop
 NTV method
Effective

Terro

length-
made
100
Y ⑱ For

HT
it'll be

so'
60°c ↓ 30 °C
 2 z
=

Oman

C HX - NTU

(p) (Numbers
NTU =
of treams....
min

units)

#c =
mcp
two fluids, minimum up to
-> Between

-milin fore Coin

Stmax

zin CXOT
9

0 maCaOT
=

XNT man
: "Omax = (mcd) min
aut-of u = 310
0.3
=

moi A= 1
155c,
&
I

I
↑coc, nw = 0.2

2.4kT1gK
NTv
Asmin
=
Cp=
OT (

x1.76 Cow
=
4118K]/kgK
=
310
-
·

72x 183 0.72

Coi)
=

0.757
=

=
0.836
Cwater

A = aDLX8

1,759m"
=>

Lain = 0has

(150-20)
man temin
x

E 0.42
.

= =
.

93.6kW
=
 39kW
Exmax
=

.. 0 =

Outlet: tempereat one,

water = 67°

Oil = 95°
 2m
16 taber,
A heat exchanger har 300 51 in Bwae

in two passer,
used to heat
length, anmanged
up 58kg/6:
oil properties
s 790kg/m3
=

c=21005/kgK
1=0.133W/mK

a function of T
viscosity
as

I7 147 177
57'67

[
I

2.5 7.4 5.2

MIkg/m3) 3.6x153302
out-77, heti
derived
Oil inlet T =
57%

& 27 kPa, 177°

 08-01-2023
-

Lecture - 06
-

Heat Exchanges:
Double
pipe

-
2+
S
-

-
--

-
-
annulate
Flow is in
region:
↑
& -

- -
-
&
-
-

I I
I

a tuber with connection -> one hairpin

many hairpins
in series -
 In hairpins:

- Outer dia
approximately-Cinch
-> one take
length, 1 =6m
Double pipes internal pipe stand support OR.
That's why
·
eF &. As it's
already naknow.
avoid
than
we us table
length less on to

slagging. I
-

~
Design: of tube
-Humber of hairpins for a certain
length
Limitations:
, fictional
- Hairpin pressure drop
trots
Hof o,
Loss 5. length tater z3M8

-> 10-15m" Sx35] heat tanster to economic

cally viable
Workout Problem-O1:
-

Given, 50
ma 0.34;Ti 60,To
=
=
=

nn= 0.3 Tin

=
25°C

u 1600
=

= UACTLM
8

iso
#
wTcme T

36.30
counter

60 50
Y

OTLm =?
Y

25
3613

Parallel
 034x(60 -

50) 0.3(To 25)

=
-

To
=>
= 363

for counter flow

otim -

24.32
=

*
Trm for parallel flow =

-22.69°C

counters flow -> UACTIM

xB6.3
-

25)x103
=
*
1600x2413

Arcea 0.365

-(36.3-26x103
=

Parallel flow
1600x22169

=0.32

counter flow
... and limitations of a

consider Zi
 Tube Heat
Procedure for a Double
Design
Exchangers:
(i) Tube dia: (Both internal
and external dia)
&
cropsand
m =
s AU

area

Di-inner
dia of outer tube
i
Do-outer dia" inners

↑Pi

DeeFE(DirDo
J
CDEREN

= Di-Do

At pressure drop heat transfer hated

.p
Up
↓ -yu.

-We need some optimum range

of velocity
First,
* we'll select diameters

pwoe number
=Then

Thickness
= hotel to outer to be an environ-
IT
exposed errano, composion
ments so

chance we

-> inhere to be 98 th, otherwise thermal

contact resistance 7BOUR,
Heat conductance
Finternal to be a copper.

FaNE
-External cast iron
usually
assume o

(n+no+RI)" (No need to

u
diameters,
=

as we have

so we can calculate
ke + Nu +
v]
Double pipe 5
length
fixed of 250 length 50
itenation ZR NSR
 workout -
02

exter
morecoul.58robe
d vis not
out
solvent: Ethanol Glycol:
9 =
790kg/m3 3 1010
=

kg/m3
cp
=

19225/kg-k c =
23405/kg-K
u =

0.95x10-3kg/ms k 0.264
=

k =
0.187 3/5.m.k u

↳ 20
30°C
T 10
=

0.028 0.014
u 0.028
fluid,
dirty
use
=

* *For we

innell pipe

internal tube, in
0.8kgIS
=

v 1mls (assumption)
tube
=

terrnal dia
gAV
subscriptin
n =
a

0.8
=>
=

790xDi First a

2nd
 0.036m--1inch
Di,i
=

*C0
-

Nominal- (1inch) ->

k-type copper

= Dii=1.981 inch

↳ =0.038 inch

Now,
0.8 =
750xx0.058-xvi
:vi = 0.89 mst
 To, max
= 25°C

⑤= megXcp.gx(To 5
a ↑o em
be mod
will
minimum
)
Nowc 08x1922X(40 30)
=
-

me.g+2340(25-
=

.:meg 0.329kgIs
=

Ac
(Do. - Di)
=

& 1.625 in

inch (assumption
External to be - nominal dia-2.5
inch
Outen dia-2.875
mm
internal dia +62.7

Schedule- 40

Now,
Ac =

(Do.-Di&Sabinch H1.275Me =

&
6217mm

Ac = 1.75x18-3 m
 O

Now,
1.75x10-3x
0.329=1010
Ve,g
x

m/s
veg 0,186
=>
=

Economic
velocity
of ethylene glycole
(1137-2.96m/)
 How to fine tune?
full calculation
-To.e5 filed it, so it then

** EVEN I

vscalculation: -
v =
(hito +RF)

hi-RertCiDY8OX Initiati

30547
Pr M
=

+ +

53x1922 = 0.76
 -- 3

Nu 0.023
=

Be goun=i
pros
=hi = 0.023xRexPro3x(wID
hi
= >

= 860 W/nck
&
in terms
of internal

ob
surface of innere
hioEnox
to be
M
terms
860X
=

in
of
outer
I 791.2

surface
of
on
1

tobe
 aternal
# to be: we
perimeter
treams
Fer

heat

to
is

netc
I which
El of
did
outer tube
or
interce

= 54 MM

ox too
Re
MoDEe
=

0.024

f 525
=
422
=
Laminan
=

15°C
=

-
0.024
Ma15c =

(RePreea03 co
For laminar:

Dee
=
Nv = 1.80x

i
L
=

To determine L, iteration:
x-OUAsTTLM
=

mostit'sconvenientseries
(If wedon't
ASL
ADi
manm psble 1 = cm

P =

M =

oxooc=212
no
1.86x422x212X53,0.33xoe6
=

82.82
=

4)" 72
-

(700 + o52 5x10

=

+
u =

20 I 38

↑
25 5

*
TLM =
19.58°
O UAXTLM
=

15376
=>

= 72x AsX 19.52

As = 10.9m

10.9
Nx ADi,oXL
=

As o
100

N = 14
 droop:
Calculating pressure

ea
4Fx
up =

-
Annular

Di

fx
2
f 0.0035X6
=
(Tunbulent SFENT
me
⑨connedation
200 2F instead of

moody diagram)
o- Di,
Deg.
*(Do, i + Di, o)

Doii-Di,o
=>

-pressure droop orjoin Fate 2 diameters

change
auto
velocity hence pressure droop control
ZZ 1
 15-01-2023
-

Lecture- 07
-.

towere
Cooling
process water is cooled
by
water evaporation.
add 280,
coolant rsia additive
coolant/primary ->

*
I

coolant
Ocimancy
I

& X

coolant
-secondary
⑮

& N
water as
primary coolant use
to cool area
*
100kg
water go
Ty 2kg evaporate FTE OR
so
Ig 55 temp
2260000 10.98% The
e
=

=
 Fi
Natural draft
cooling:
Arca
gradually
zisfor pressure
create Tz
gradient flow
and auto air
-
and extra fan
250
Mista or

flow
5850 cross flow, counters
slide-12:
Figure so

at
we wrap

outlet 5 FME
Induced draft fan -
a
au
-> inlet
Forced draft"

to were uses
Heat load EFT induced draft
cooling "Y
"You for natural u
U
a

↳ Ruppuse nuclear powers plant

water flow direction
cross flow-air flow and

perpendicular-
#: Direct flow or aire, water for the e
fustaa
speeds to CE so,
mixing a

time MBO 2TE N

date in

lotI. ndemnt.igon
itons
I

NZ

a
area pro HAGE:

*But fill it forITE obstruction water

flow with an energy
&

I &
<K
It to evaporation rate

moist aire
f go ever portion
d save 280
2E
Fill
condense zr0
-

uI
&
z drift
& eliminator
AZ
-pump
 Drift eliminator:

makeup water - water evaporate e

continuously ICE

Parameters to be measured:
Won't case
humidity.
3
For
wet bulb temperatureof airs 93
-> scenario
Chumidity higherty
bulb
Dry
1I
-> an reliable performance.

tower water temperature

-cooling inlet
U d
- a outlet

-> Exhaunt aire temperature

motore
Electrical of pumps and tall
readings
-

-> water flow rate

-> Air flow rate

Performance Parameter

(i) Range:
outlet
Difference between water inlet and
cooling
(ii) Approach:
mani
to a possible
 (()

(iv)
(v) Evaporation loss
(vi) Cyclee of concentration (C.0.C)
salt concentration fore evaporation.

down loss:
(viy blow
Evaporation loss
Blow down--
C.0.e-1

Ratio:
(viii) Liquid Gas ("/b)
Lcp(T1 T) x(ka-h
=
-

air si
L atmospheric

z8
acaiint nomidity)
aire

fore Efficiency:
Main areas
impleaving Energy
tower
1.selecting the right cooling
-capacity
 - wz
⑰ - 25%
20-

Splash const
-

Range
fill
20,50005
(x w) -

lo- -

15°C

50 To

Relative constant
F
humidity

media
A

3 fill media:
comparing
(slide-90 Six chart)

Problem
Cooling
Towers
Design
Assumptions.

1. Atmospheric condition

2.
Cooling
waters
so temperature?
 22- 01 -
2023
Lecture- 02 -

mechanical of Heat Enchanger

Design
parets
ofpressure and non-pressure
-
Design
-> TIMAstandard is followed in manufacturing
shell and tube

Design consideration:
and temperature
Design pressure
2
↑ Allowable temperature
gauge pressure 97 JT 10 EF**
d
22I
5:F & design design
25.

leaks-
should
* HX be tested
hydraulically and if it

failure.

# shell dia and thickness

2 A or
previous formula
98
class I
dure
proce 2to
math
 material wise zo
vary
sufficient 25 courness,
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cast

projects,
topicstmet
s

gran
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or
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phenomeno
-

I shell covere

- pass partition
abrasive
corrosive fluid so

Impingementplate
-

=o sit use 16mm thickness

50shot plate)

Tie nod ->

Flanger
and gasket -

design
Holt
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machine
design 5.
sta
related sof, project
m on,

offlange:
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me
FSE

Design
 29-01 -

2023
- -

Lecture- 09
->

Thermal Insulation

is
Critical thicknessinsulation for onl
effect a

insulation tries to minimize heat loss

not
But
Infinite thickness to perfectEtc.
economically viable.

R-value of insulation:
Insulation &resistance

Economic insulation thickness:

Resistance/incle
R/inch ->
miniumcost R-value
-.........

" & Optimum R.value of

which
insulation
minimizer costs.

!
R-value ->
 #
In this Heat loss

pipe. 5 loss
En S50
produce 25Igm/diesel
lost
IT costof energy
·

cost

shell sides not fluid use to 2 insulation s

calculation m 45 (in project)

Critical insulation thickness:U2 (nor -
=

upto certain thickness, heattransfer

increase -% I

&
- After critical value
R= kA
A
becomes dominant

#
If our outers nadis is 5mm and critical value

10mm, atleast 5mm insulation use a ti

insulation effect 25 at. Butif M2 12mm
=

and on-10mm, whatever thickness we use,

it'll have an effect

workout problem-of
need know
inmelevant just
we
- to
1st line soinfo

the material +
condition
environmental

How choose preopers insulation material:

to

according requirement

S
to
1. Select

2. Economic
calculation

3. Estimation
of price

use t
↳ Direct software
** C12

-> Perlite3 Industrial.

mineral wood
3 Domestic
->
use

Fiberglass
+

mold create if moisture is absorbed ->

arise tha
Fiberglass 323270 probability
-> cellulose
insulation to use z2a,
Directly primary
Eva insulation 50hole create zon Bus
fillup zx cellulose use 28.
Priming:Non-commosive layer
paint50 22.

For
cylinderical:conduction resistance
of
2
this is
loganith-
mic
T
area

0
=

cost of loss
energy

A
- thickness
insulation
of

en

10%oftotalina
and
convection resistance

2
re 12%

arns.Meas
3 -

3E plus software:
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changer
with air
velocity
↳ case -
wont
stagnant, v=0
ON siredslots
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valuesshould
3

->
lstlayers file, MEvariable

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!
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