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C. DOSSIER DOCUMENTAIRE SUPPORT DE LA PHASE I

( 5 DOCUMENTS)



Document Titre + Sources Pages
N 1 Sniffer dogs -
CNN Sci-Tech (18, 2002 Posted: 12:33 PM EST - 1733 GMT)
2
N 2 Analysis of customer Feedback questionnaire 3
N 3 Safety deficiency investigations -
Federal Aviation Administration website
4
N 4 National Guard troops secure Americas airports
CNN: Master sergent Bob Haskell
Army News Service, Oct. 1, 2001
5
N 5 Biometric systems
www.AzumanoTravel.com
6

TOURNEZ LA PAGE S.V.P
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Document N1
SNIFFER DOGS : ITS THE NOSE THAT KNOWS !













The noses of sniffer dogs will play an important role in airport
security which requires that all bags be checked for explosive devices.
In the United States, there's only one place that teaches dogs for airport bomb-detection duty.


A TWO- AND FOUR-LEGGED TEAM

"These dogs and their handlers have the capability to save tens, hundreds, or thousands of lives,
depending on how effective they are as a team," says Maj. John Probst, commander of the 341st Training
Squadron at Lackland.
Along with explosive detection, these animals learn to sniff out drugs, do patrol work and work presidential
security details around the world. Most working dogs can put in about a six-hour day before they get tired
or disinterested. The dogs and the handlers must have rapport and intuition to ensure a smooth working
relationship. Dogs can be like children, with dramatically different personalities: What works to motivate
one might not work at all with another.
HOW DO THEY DO IT?


Sniffing is a complex physical process, dogs have 20-40 times more receptor cells in their nasal cavities
than humans, and there are other physical and biochemical differences between what humans and dogs
can detect. We know that dogs are better than machines at detecting anomalies in air, vapor and particles.






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Document N 2

Prestige Tours
Analysis of Customer Feedback Questionnaire


Profile of clientle
Age group


Ages 25 40 : 5 %
Ages 41 55 : 28 %
Ages 56 + : 67 %




Currently working:
1. Liberal professions (doctors, lawyers, consultants) 28 %
2. Company executives 12 %
3. Engineers 9 %
4. Other 8 %
5. Retired 43 %


Number of holiday
trips with Prestige
Tours / year


1 a year: 42 %
2 a year: 25 %
3 a year: 18 %
More than 3: 5 %

Feedback on safety issues
658 customers responded to the questionnaire on the following issues. The percentages
Issues Essential
in %
Desirable
in %
Particular preoccupations
Training on safety for
staff
32


Baggage screening
44

Passenger security
control

89

11
Introduction of metal-detecting devices at all entrances
to the airport.

Aircraft maintenance

95

5

Constant renewal of the fleet.

Use of sniffer dogs

73

27

Inspire confidence. Would like to see more of them.

Quality control audit
49 51

Police presence in
airports

69

31
Some people would also like to see an armed military
presence.
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Document N3


SAFETY DEFICIENCY
INVESTIGATIONS
Aircraft Maintenance Safety Survey
RESULTS
Human error is recognized as an important issue in
fields as diverse as medicine, mining and shipping,
and to some extent aviation.

Although the human element has long been recognized as important in the cockpit, its role in
aircraft maintenance has been largely overlooked. According to Boeing figures, 12% of major
aircraft accidents involve maintenance, and 50% of flight delays in the US are caused by
maintenance errors.

In response to a worldwide lack of information on the issue, the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) published in Asia-Pacific Air Safety articles that identified a number of recommendations
on the need for refresher training for aircraft maintenance engineers

FAA recommendations

Mandatory Testing & Certification of Parts & Consumables
All materials and consumables used to make, repair, and operate aircraft are tested and
certified by the FAA. Nothing, and that means absolutely nothing, can be used to make, repair,
or operate an aircraft that is not specifically approved for use with that individual aircraft
without the explicit written approval of the FAA.

Mandatory Aircraft Maintenance & Inspections
All aircraft must undergo mandatory periodic maintenance and inspections every 50 hours, 100
hours, or annually (how often depends upon the type of activities the aircraft is used for).
Annual Inspections
An annual inspection takes days to complete.
The aircraft is literally taken apart, so that every component can be inspected and tested. Worn
components are replaced, adjustments to settings are made, improvements or updates are
applied, lubricating fluids are analyzed by a laboratory then replaced with new ones, and
complete records are entered into the aircrafts logbooks. Only when everything is perfect, is the
aircraft re-certified for return to flight by an FAA-designated inspector.

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Document N 4

National Guard troops secure America's airports



Airport security was added to the National Guard's growing list of civil support and homeland
defense missions Sept. 27 2003, at the direction of President George W. Bush.

The Federal Aviation Administration has asked the Department of Defense to coordinate the use
of about 5,000 National Guard members at 422 commercial airports nationwide for the next four
to six months in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
"To make sure that we improve security right now, the federal government will pay for
governors to call up the National Guard and place Guardsmen at inspection stations in airports,"
the president said at O'Hare International Airport in Chicago.
"Some airports already meet high standards," said Bush, the former Texas Air National Guard
fighter pilot. "But for those airports that need help, we will work with the governors to provide
security measures - visible security measures - so the traveling public will know that we are
serious about airline safety in America."
The president will work with Congress to put the federal government in charge of airport
security and screening services, officials said. The Federal Aviation Administration will train the
National Guard troops in airport security techniques, officials added.
Fully implementing the extensive security proposal may take four to six months, Bush said.
During that time, the president said that he will ensure that every airport has a strong security
presence by asking the Governors of the 50 states to call up the National Guard - at the federal
government's expense - to augment existing security staffs at every commercial airport
nationwide.
This is believed to be the first time that National Guard troops are being employed in this way
across the country.
"We support the president's effort to maintain America's confidence in the aviation industry,"
said Craig Duehring, principal deputy assistant secretary of defense for Reserve Affairs. "We will
be working closely with the FAA, the National Guard Bureau and the states to expedite this
effort to achieve the president's goals."
National Guard troops have been supporting security missions since terrorists in hijacked
commercial airlines destroyed the World Trade Center and rammed into the Pentagon.

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Document N 5


Biometric systems by John Stone - a New Yorkbased travel writer

One security executive who believes his system can help to detect bad guys is Jean-Marc Suchier, president
of Sagem Morpho Inc., a Tacoma, Wash.based company and a subsidiary of Sagem SA in France, which
developed the Automated Fingerprint Identification System. Ours is a system capable of finding someone
inside a database, he says. Currently there is no such system.
Sagem Morpho has supplied equipment to the airports operated by the Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey. This equipment is used for initial background checks of airport employees that involve 10 fingerprints,
one for each digit of each hand.
Suchier says his company is approaching both local airports and federal agencies to propose the use of
fingerprint technology to enhance the process of passenger security checks. We propose to take the print of
all passengers for two purposes, he says. The first is to confirm that the person who checked in at the airline
counter is the same person who boards the plane. The second and key reason is to check to make sure
that none of the travelers belong to a database of bad guys.
Suchier claims that the rate of incorrect rejections is too high with face recognition and that hand geometry
scanners are good for small groups of passengers, but too slow for the high traffic volumes of major airports.
Yet Suchier agrees with his security industry colleagues in acknowledging that there is no cure-all to solve the
security problem. I dont think there is one best biometric system, he says. There is no panacea. I can see
airports for different purposes using a combination of fingerprints and other technologies The problem is
that a lot of people dont know anything about biometrics. We are in an education process. It is not a black-
and-white solution. There are limits.



The following systems are in pilot programs, but are not yet part of any new national airport security system:
Face Recognition: Identifies passengers or airport employees faces by comparing them to an engram
(computer file) of prerecorded multiple facial images taken from various angles. The photos are recorded
when the individual registers on the system.
Hand Geometry Readers: An airport employees or passengers identity is verified by measuring the size and
shape of the persons hand and comparing it to a template stored in the hand reader (scanner) or on a card.