Hargun Kaur

Enrollment number- A159159523018

G20 Presidency and India’s Global Leadership Role
1. Nageshwar Rao, VC, Indira Gandhi National Open University
(IGNOU), New Delhi

• Nageshwar Rao, a renowned professor of management and who served

as vice chancellor of various universities earlier has been appointed by the
President of India as Vice Chancellor of Indira Gandhi National Open
University(IGNOU) New Delhi.

• The G20, or Group of Twenty, is an international forum consisting of 19

individual countries and the European Union. The member countries are
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India,
Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South
Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

• The G20 was established to bring together major advanced and emerging
economies to discuss and coordinate on global economic policy. It addresses
issues such as financial stability, sustainable development, climate change,
and more. The group holds annual summits where leaders gather to discuss
and collaborate on key global challenges.

• With its diverse economy, technological prowess, and commitment to

sustainable development, India is poised to bring unique perspectives to
the table. During the presidency, India is focusing on various issues like
inclusive growth, digital innovation, climate resilience, and equitable
global health access.

• The idea of India playing a role in democratizing and decentralizing

global governance, potentially expanding the G20 to a G21, reflects a
vision of greater inclusivity in international decision-making. The G20
currently includes major economies, but expanding it could involve
incorporating additional nations to ensure a more diverse representation.

• India, being a significant emerging economy, has the potential to

contribute to discussions on global governance reforms. However, any
changes to the composition of international forums like the G20 would
require consensus among existing members.

• However, India has been actively working on digitizing welfare programs

and services to improve accessibility, transparency, and efficiency.

• India’s initiatives such as Aadhaar (a biometric identification system),

the Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) program, and various e-governance
projects contribute to the digitization of welfare services. These efforts
aim to streamline the delivery of benefits, reduce corruption, and ensure
that social welfare programs reach the intended beneficiaries more
effectively.
 2. Prof M. Jagdesh Kumar, Chairman University Grant Commission
(UGC), NewDelhi

• Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar is an Indian academician, electrical

engineer and education administrator. He is currently the chairman
of University Grants Commission, since February 2022.[1] He is a
professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi. Kumar
also served as the VC of JNU from in January 2016 to 2022.

• India has always been described as a land of paradoxes. Be it India’s

culture, diversity, or sheer population size, it is complicated and
fascinating. For about two decades now, the engines of the nation’s
economic growth have been firing impressively. Companies have become
larger and many have left a rather large global imprint.

• So, India’s presidency of the G20 forum that represents 85 per cent of
global GDP and 75 per cent of international trade is hugely important as it
comes at an inflection point, when a confident India Inc. is looking to flex
its muscles globally after it breezed past the years of the pandemic and
emerged relatively unscathed.

• He also talks about Sustainable Development in which he explain

India’s Five Year Plan- The first five-year plan in India was launched
in 1951 and since then, India has witnessed twelve Five Year Plans.
The present government had however discontinued the Five-year
plan system and a new mechanism was put into place.

• The Five-Year Plans were laid to rest by the Narendra Modi-led

NDA government in 2015. Hence, the 12th five-year plan is
considered the last five-year plan of India. The decades-old Five-
Year Plans was replaced by a three-year action plan, which
will be part of a seven-year strategy paper and a 15-year vision
document. The Niti Aayog has replaced the Planning Commission
in the Modi Cabinet and launched three-year action plans from
April 1, 2017, onwards.

1. First Five Year Plan: It was launched for the duration

of 1951 to 1956, under the leadership ofJawaharlal
Nehru. It was based on the Harrod-Domar model with a few
modifications and its main focus was on the agricultural
development of the country. This plan was successful and
achieved a growth rate of 3.6% (more than its target of
2.1%). At the end of this plan, five IITs were set up in the
country.
2. Second Five Year Plan:
 I. It was made for the duration of 1956 to 1961, under the
leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.
II. It was based on the P.C. Mahalanobis Model made in
the year 1953.
III. Its main focus was on the industrial development of the
country.
IV. This plan lags behind its target growth rate of 4.5% and
achieved a growth rate of 4.27%.
V. However, this plan was criticized by many experts and as a
result, India faced a payment crisis in the year 1957.

3. Third Five Year Plan:

I. It was made for the duration of 1961 to 1966, under the
leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru.
II. This plan is also called ‘Gadgil Yojna’, after the Deputy
Chairman of Planning Commission D.R. Gadgil.

III. The main target of this plan was to make the economy
independent. The stress was laid on agriculture and the
improvement in the production of wheat.

IV. During the execution of this plan, India was engaged in two
wars: (1) the Sino-India war of 1962 and (2) the Indo-Pakistani
war of 1965. These wars exposed the weakness in our economy
and shifted the focus to the defence industry, the Indian Army,
and the stabilization of the price (India witnessed inflation).

V. The plan was a flop due to wars and drought. The target
growth was 5.6% while the achieved growth was 2.4%.

4. Plan Holidays:

I. Due to the failure of the previous plan, the government

announced three annual plans called Plan Holidays from 1966 to
1969.

II. The main reason behind the plan holidays was the Indo-Pakistani
war and the Sino-India war, leading to the failure of the third Five
Year Plan.

III. During this plan, annual plans were made and equal priority was
given to agriculture its allied sectors and the industry sector.
V. In a bid to increase the exports in the country, the government
declared devaluation of the rupee.

5. Fourth Five Year Plan:

I. Its duration was from 1969 to 1974, under the leadership

of Indira Gandhi.

II. There were two main objectives of this plan i.e. growth with
stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance.

III. During this time, 14 major Indian banks were nationalized and
the Green Revolution was started. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and
the Bangladesh Liberation War took place.

IV. Implementation of Family Planning Programmes was amongst

major targets of the Plan

V. This plan failed and could achieve a growth rate of 3.3% only
against the target of 5.7%.

6. Fifth Five Year Plan:

I. Its duration was 1974 to 1978.

II. This plan focussed on Garibi Hatao, employment, justice,

agricultural production and defence.

III. The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, a Twenty-point

program was launched in 1975, the Minimum Needs Programme
(MNP) and the Indian National Highway System was introduced.

IV. Overall this plan was successful which achieved a growth of

4.8% against the target of 4.4%.

V. This plan was terminated in 1978 by the newly elected Moraji

Desai government.

• He also gives his views on Nation Building that how forgive policies
are important for Nation Building

• Nation-building is a significant undertaking that governments employ to

develop political, economic, security, and social institutions in other countries
—especially those emerging from conflict.
• Governments conduct those activities abroad to secure their own national
interests. After World War II, for example, the U.S. government occupied
and helped rebuild Germany and Japan to ensure both countries could not
spark another conflict or come under Soviet influence in the early days of the
Cold War.

• As a device that integrates several other instruments of foreign policy—

including military force, foreign aid, trade, and diplomacy—nation-building
can be an especially powerful intervention. But it can also be costly and
controversial, as it requires ample time and resources, risks lives in military
operations, and has a mixed record of success.

4. Sri Amitabh Kant, G 20 Sherpa, Government of India

• Amitabh Kant (born 1 March 1956) is an Indian bureaucrat and was

the second chief executive officer of NITI Aayog,[1] a public policy think
tank of the Government of India. He is a retired member of the Indian
Administrative Service (IAS), the central civil service of the
Government of India.[2] He was appointed as India's G20 Sherpa
during its presidency.

• India’s G-20 presidency with representation from world’s most

powerful countries accounting for 85 % of the global GDP and 75 % of
global exports, has provided a platform for international economic
cooperation & also an opportunity for India.

• During the presidency of the G-20, India had put stress on the
industrial growth strategies for the economies of the Global South, at the
same time positioning herself as an attractive Manufacturing
hub. The timing of her presidency of the G-20 has helped India to
exercise greater influence on global policies and the economic sector, it
is opined.

• The Business-20 (B20), a G-20 Dialogue forum that conducted a

year-long series of Summits, saw the participation of Indian and global
industry leaders with one of the significant outcomes of the G-20
being India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor, a cost-effective
cross-border ship-to-rail transit network, which will connect India to the
Arab countries, the EU, and the US. This Corridor could translate
 into trade and investment opportunities for Indian businesses, it
is opined.

• India as a global manufacturing hub

• India recently is making strides towards becoming a leading global

manufacturing hub & emerging as a preferred choice for Multinationals
seeking alternative manufacturing or sourcing bases to China.
With Indo-US deals taking center stage and other global corporations
following suit, India’s manufacturing sector is believed to be having the
potential to reach $1 trillion by 2030 making it the 4th largest economy
in the world. Currently, India is the 5th largest economy in the world.

• India’s economic growth relies heavily on industries such as

automotive, engineering, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy,
and consumer durables. India’s manufacturing sector, it is opined, could
become an engine for economic growth and jobs if it embarks on
Specialization. It has been opined in this connection that India has the
potential to more than double her manufacturing GDP within a span of a
few years. Experts feel that India has an opportunity to stimulate her
economic growth and job creation by developing globally competitive
manufacturing hubs.

• India also took initiative with inclusion of african union which

have a major role.

•India is being lauded for its efforts and subsequent

achievement in facilitating the inclusion of The African
Union in the Group of 20 world economies. Find out
how, and what does it imply for AU and the rest.

• The African Union has been granted permanent

member status in the Group of 20 top world
economies, PM Narendra Modi said, as his drive to
maximise representation of the Global South as the
host of G-20, 2023 summit gains impetus. The
announcement was received with an exonerated
cheer and strong support, making AU-a continental
body of 55 member states, the second regional bloc
to become a permanent member after the European
Union.

• A G20 document prepared by the @WorldBank shared a very interest

point on India’s growth. India has achieved financial inclusion targets in
just 6 years which would otherwise have taken at least 47 long years.

• India took over presidency , pm- india must have presidency

inclusive decisive and action oriented.

• The previous 17 Presidencies of the G20delivered significant

results — for ensuring macro-economic stability, rationalising
international taxation, relieving debt-burden on countries, among
many other outcomes. We will benefit from these achievements,
and build further upon them.

• Inclusivity has been at the heart of our presidency. The

inclusion of the African Union (AU) as a permanent
member of the G20-integrated 55 African nations into the
forum, expanding it to encompass 80% of the global
population. This proactive stance has fostered a more
comprehensive dialogue on global challenges and
opportunities.

1. • To promote local culture of state (art and culture,

handicraft , handlooms).

• Take millets after every meal

• India’s presidency of G20 or the Group of 20 has been able to

bring all member countries to the table on the issue of war in
Ukraine and brought to the fore the voice of the emerging
markets as moderators, said foreign policy experts, highlighting
the country's heritage as the voice of reason.
• The New Delhi Declaration issued on the first day of the two-
day G20 Summit set the direction of future negotiations on
important economic issues including climate financing which has
for the first time put $5.9 trillion number to the green financing
requirements for developing countries, reforms in multilateral
banks, international taxation and sustainable development.

• Technological transformation and digital infrastructure - (meta)

use data of people. India- 1.4 billion people digital, 550 million bank
accounts, 48 percent real time fast payments in world.

• The recent announcement of the Digital India Act, 2023

(DIA) represents a significant step towards establishing a future-ready legal
framework for the country’s burgeoning digital ecosystem.

• It’s objective is to To formulate evolvable rules that are consistent with

the changing trends in technologies and can be updated according to the
needs of the country’s digital infrastructure and to offer an easily accessible
adjudicatory mechanism for online civil and criminal offenses.

• Development countries- 90 percent ( industrialisation) , 10

percent- developing countries. Green hydrogen issue. Worl must
triple renewable energy by 2030.

BY:- HARGUN KAUR