A lecture in anatomy

BY

Dr. Muhanad sabah

MBCHB , FIBMS-URO Nervous
Dr. Talib chichan
MBCHB , D.O.S
system2

DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES

AL-MUSTAQBAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
 The peripheral nervous system (PNS):-
is one of two components that make up the
nervous system. The PNS consists of the nerves
and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.
The main function of the PNS is to connect
the CNS to the limbs and organs, essentially
serving as a relay between the brain and spinal
cord and the rest of the body.
Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by the
vertebral column and skull, or by the blood-
brain barrier, which leaves it exposed to toxins
and mechanical injuries.
the nerves of PNS can be divided into two groups :-
 12 pairs of cranial nerves
 31 pairs of spinal nerves
The cranial nerves :-
are a set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain. Cranial
nerves send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck
and torso. Your cranial nerves help you taste, smell, hear and
feel sensations. They also help you make facial expressions, blink
your eyes and move your tongue.
I. Olfactory n.
II. Optic n.
III. Oculomotor n.
IV. Trochlear n.
V. Trigeminal n.
VI. Abducent n.
VII. Facial n.
VIII.Vestibulocochlear n.
IX. Glossopharyngeal n.
X. Vagus n.
XI. Accessory n.
XII. Hypoglossal n.
Spinal nerves :-
31 pairs All are mixed nerves ( motor
and sensory)
Each pair serves a particular region of
the body .
In a plexus, nerve fibers from
different spinal nerves are sorted and
recombined, so that all fibers going to
a specific body part are put together
in one nerve. Four nerve plexuses are
located in the trunk of the body
The peripheral nerves system is divided into :-
1. autonomic nerves system
2. Somatic nerves system
Autonomic nerves system:-

 The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts

largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions, such as
the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response,
urination, and sexual arousal.
 It’s also subdivide into sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions

The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight or flight

response during a threat or perceived danger, and the
parasympathetic nervous system restores the body to a state of
calm.
somatic nervous system:-
The somatic nervous system is a component of the peripheral
nervous system associated with the voluntary control of the body
movements via the use of skeletal muscles.
The sciatic nerve:-
The sciatic nerve is the largest
and longest nerve in the
human body, originating at
the base of the spine and
running along the back of
each leg into the foot.
At its thickest point, it is about
as wide as an adult thumb.
In summary The functions of PNS is :-