Principles of Management and Behavioral Science Introduction Study

Guide

The nature of management

Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of employees
in combination with other resources to accomplish organizational goals.

Here we can define the nature of management in the following manner:

Management as on activity: management is considered as on organizational day to day activity which

lead to accomplish the business goal.

Management as a map of business task: management provides a map to an organization to follow their
business routine task.

Management as a team work: management is a team work to complete organizational activity

Management applies economic principles: management always applies economic theories and principle
to have work done as the objectives

Management involves decision making: management incorporate decision making strategy in

organization.

Management : science or ART:

Management as Science

Science has the following features which influence the management principle

Factual evidences

Many scientific theories predict the facts about management principles which can be applied in the real
situation of business.

For example: if the owner want to assess the impact of the price on their sales volume , they can use
mathematical logic to state the situations.

Experimentation & Observation:

Management principles follows the scientific and logical investigation for the conducting the business
research.

For Example: extending the product range in different location would be tested by research team to
experiment with new location and new product. Another way, management team can conduct an
experiment on their employees and new technical facilities by applying the henry fayol principle and
optimize the efficiency of their man-power.

Management: Science or ART Cont:

Cause & Effect Relationship-
This theory is popular to examine the impact of one factor on another. And derived the functions
between deponent and independent variables.

For example: new installations of mis program in any company can change the aggregate performance
of the employees. Therefore, company by using causes and effect relationship can depicts the impact of
MIS program installation on the aggregate performance of the employees. Likewise, they can also
evaluate the organizational direct and indirect cost etc.

Management: science or ART Cont

Management as Art:

Art refer to the creativity to apply the knowledge and skill to get things done. It can be defined as an
individual application of general theories for obtaining best results out of it.

The following is the proposed characteristics:

1. practical knowledge: knowing theories without the implication have no use. Hence understanding the
various aspects of theories and the consequences can be the wonderful combination of applying art.

2. Personal skills: every-body is different and unique in themselves. Therefore, there method to handles
the problems and manage things are different.

Management: science or ART Cont

3. Creativity performing task with the innovative ideas and efficient manner that brings the result of
efforts known as creativity. In management principles, creativity contributes in different way to get the
desired goal.

4.perfection through practice: with the practicing of theories, management team can bring the
perfectness in the task can be proficient through team work.

Difference between administration and

management:
1.management is systematic way of managing people and thing within the organization whereas the
administrations is defined as an act of administering the whole organization by a group of people.

2.management is an activity of business and functional level whereas administrative is high level of
activity.

3.management focuses on policy implementation whereas policy formulation is performed by the

administration

4.function of management are executive and governing whereas function of administration include
legislation and determination
5. management can be seen in the profit making organization like business enterprises conversely
administration and military offices, club, hospital and religion.

Evolution of management thought

1.principal management concept was developed by H.Fayol and he was popular as father of
management.

2.Fayol did not create the intergrated theory of management but his concepts of management was
tuned with the contemporary thinking of the entrepreneur

3.Fayol developed the administrative science whose principle was used I all management circumstances

Evolution of management thought Cont:

4.F.W Taylor : Contribution

1.he is also popular as father of scientific management. His ideas about management influenced by his
wide- ranging experience from three companies: Midvale steel works , Simmonds rolling mills and
Bethlehem steel co.

2.Tylor presented the scientific management include a completer mental revolution on the part of both
worker and management these are as follow:

3.Principles of scientific management propended by Taylor are:

1. Science, not rule of thumb

2.Harmony , Not Discord

3. Cooperation , not individualism

4. Mental Revolution

5. development of each every person to his or her greatest efficiency and prosperity.

Evolution of management thought Cont

George Elton mayo: contribution:

George Elton mayo (1880-1949)

1.mayo was the professor at harward business school and served a team leader who carried out the
famous hawthome business school.

2.orginally, the mayo’s research work was an application of taylor’s management science techniques
constructed to enhance production efficiency.

3.mayo’s contribution to management thoughts based on the recognition of the detail of worker’s
performance which is related to psychological, sociological and physical factors.

4.mayo and his associates presented a result that a new social setting formulated by their experiment
which expand the productivity. Their results obtained from the experiment is now known as the
hawthome effect or the tendency for people

5.hawthone work was an key landmark in studying the behavior of workers and their relationship to the
job, their fellow workers and organization.

Chester Bernard contribution in management science:

1.Chester Bernard: Contribution in management science:

2.Chester Barnard (1886-1961) was a president in of Bell Telephone Company. He is introduced a theory
about the functions of the manager as determined by constant interaction with the environment.

3.Bernard suggested to enhance the social co-operation in the organization to have the proper
utilization of the resources and optimum productivity of the human resource.

4.moreover , he also suggested a set of working principles by which organizational communication

system can manage the final authority for the organizational team.

5.these principles are in the following manner:

6. communication channel should be determined.

@ A formal systematic channel of communication should be defined for objective authority to everyone
in the team.

@communication line should b short to avoid the manipulative information.

@communication of line should be utilized properly.

@communication line of the organization should be without any disturbance while the functions of
team and other members ‘of team.
F.W.Taylor and Henri Fayol contribution to the management

Contribution of F.W Taylor

1.when F.W Tylor was working with the Midvale company he observed few issues among the
employee’s performance.

2. He was concerned about the degrading performance of the employees and their productivity. He
notices that condition got arose due to negligence of waste management.

3.He decided to work with his experiment to enhance the employee’s efficiency to achieve the target of
output level. Here are the details of the scientific experiment.

Henry Fayol’s thoughts:

1.His thought of management have been summarized as the administrative management Theory, which
later evolved into management process school.

2.A contemporary of Taylor, Fayol for the first time endeavored a systematic analysis of the overall
management process.

Managerial Functions
1.From the very beginning of the chapter, management principle, managerial skills, and the managers;
role have been discussed.

2.In this section of the chapter, the function of the managers will be explained and discussed. In a
company manager need to perform few goal oriented task that is popularly as the managerial task or
function.

Few are listed below:

Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Directing

Motivating

Controlling

Coordinating and

Communicating

Functions of manager
Summary:
1.Management is the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling the activities of
employees in combination with other resources to accomplish organizational goals.

2.tylor presented that scientific management include a completer mental revolution on the part of both
worker and management.

3.Managers direct and coordinate resources effectively and efficiently to channelize their energy
towards successful accomplishment of the goals of the organization. Hence, it can be easily claimed that
managers are demanded in all the function of organizations.

4.Planning is the first key function of the manager. It include the assessment of the problem to framing
the solution of the problem. The work of the manager need to set the plan for the organizational
strategies to accomplish the goal here are the sub process of planning.