Mechanics – is the oldest physical science that deals with both stationary and moving

bodies under the influence of forces

Statics – branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest
Dynamics – deals with bodies in motion
Fluid mechanics – defined as the science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest
(fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and the interaction of fluids with solids or
other fluids at the boundaries
- the application of the laws of force and motion to fluids
- This study area deals with many and diversified problems such as surface
tension, fluid statics, flow in enclose bodies, or flow round bodies (solid or
otherwise), flow stability, etc. In fact, almost any action a person is doing involves
some kind of a fluid mechanics problem.
Fluid statics – study of fluids at rest, also known as hydrostatics
Fluid kinematics – study of fluids in motion, where pressure forces are not considered
Fluid dynamics – if the forces are also considered for the fluids in motion
Hydrodynamics – stidy of the motion of fluids that are practically incompressible
Hydraulics – subcategory of hydrodynamics, which deals with liduid flows in pipes and
open channels
Gas dynamics – delas with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density changes
Aerodynamics – deals with the flow of gases over bodies
3 common states of matter – solid, liquid, gas
Fluid – substance in liquid or gas phase; when a constant shear force is applied, a solid
eventually stops deforming, at some fixed strain angle, whereas a fluid never stops
deforming and approaches a certain rate of strain
- Either a liquid or gas
- Water, Oxygen, Molten lava
Liquid – difficult to compressand often regarded as incompressible; occupies a fixed
volume and will take the shape of container
Gas – easily to compress; no fixed volume; completely fill the vessel

Importance
Fluid mechanics helps us understand the behavior of fluid under various forces and at
different atmospheric conditions, and to select the proper fluid for various applications.
The study of fluid mechanics is essential to engineering education. Numerous
engineering disciplines, including energy and process engineering, mechanical and
plant engineering, shipbuilding, civil engineering, agriculture, environmental
engineering, food technology, etc., include studying and research exercises in fluid
mechanics as part of their core curriculum. comprehend fluid mechanical and process.
Many energy systems rely on fluid mechanics, from hydropower to wind turbines. It is a
crucial component in the search for sustainable energy since it enables us to harness
the power of fluids to produce electricity.
Application of FM:
Biomechanics- blood flow through arteries and veins. Airflow in the lungs
Households – piping systems for cold water, natural gas, and sewage
Mechanical e – design of pumps, turbines
Civil – transport of river sediments, pollution of air and water
High speed train, wind turbines, pollution dispersion, swimming, cycling

Properties of Fluids:
Kinematic properties: These properties help in understanding the fluid motion. Velocity
and acceleration are the kinematic properties of the fluids.
Thermodynamic properties: These properties help in understanding the thermodynamic
state of the fluid. Temperature, density, pressure, and specific enthalpy are the
thermodynamic properties of fluids.
Physical properties: These properties help in understanding the physical state of the
fluid such as colour and odour.

Density - The density of a fluid is defined as the ratio of the mass of the fluid to its
volume. The density of gases is dependent on pressure and temperature, while the
density of liquid remains constant.

Specific weight - Specific weight is defined as the weight possessed by the unit volume
of a fluid. Specific weight is dependent on acceleration due to gravity as it changes from
place to place.
Temperature - Temperature is one of the thermodynamic properties of fluids that
determines the state of hotness or coldness of it. Temperature is measured in either
Kelvin or Celsius or Fahrenheit. Kelvin is the most common one that is used because of
its independence from the properties of the substance.
Pressure - The pressure of a fluid is the force applied by it per unit area.

Specific volume - In fluid mechanics, specific volume is the reciprocal of density. It can
be expressed as the volume that a fluid occupies per unit mass.

Surface tension - Surface tension is defined as the phenomenon in which the surface of
the liquid is in contact with another phase.

Viscosity - It is the resistance offered to a layer of fluids when it moves over another
layer of fluids.
Specific gravity - Specific gravity is the ratio of specific weight or mass density of fluids
to the specific weight or mass density of the standard fluids. In the case of liquid
standard, fluids are water whereas in the case of gases standard fluids are air.