Formulas

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
cosec2 θ = 1 + cot2 θ
sec2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ

x = [-b ± √(b2 – 4ac)]

2a

(i)2 distinct roots, b2 – 4ac > 0,

(ii) 2 equal roots b2 – 4ac = 0,
(iii) no real roots, if b2 – 4ac < 0

HCF = smallest power of each common factor

LCM = greatest power of each prime factor

HCF × LCM =a × b

Linear equation in two variables: ax+ by+ c =0

nth term = a + (n-1) d

Sn = n/2[2a + (n − 1) × d]
l’ = n/2(a + l)

Area of Triangle = A = ½ (b × h) square units

Area of an Isosceles Triangle = 1/4 b√(4a2 – b2)

Area of a Right Triangle = A = 1/2 × Base × Height

Area of an Equilateral Triangle = A = (√3)/4 × side 2

 Distance Formula to find distance between two points P(x1,y1) and Q(x2,y2) is = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 –
y1)2 ]
 Distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is = √x 2 + y2
Section Formula = ((m1x2 + m2x1)/m1+ m2 , (m1y2 + m2y1)/m1+ m2)
 tan A sin A/cos A

cot A cos A/sin A

cosec
1/sin A
A

sec A 1/cos A

 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r

 Area of the circle = π r2
 Area of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with degree measure θ = (θ/360) × π r 2
 Length of an arc of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with degree measure θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r
Area of segment of a circle = Area of the corresponding sector – Area of the corresponding triangle.

CUBOID

 Surface Area of a cuboid of length (l), breadth (b), and height (h) = 2 (lb + bh + lh)
 Lateral Surface Area of cuboid = 2 (l + b)h
CUBE

 Surface Area of a cube = 6 ✕ l2 where l is the length

 Lateral Surface Area of cube = 4 ✕ l2, where l is the length
 Volume of cube = l2
CYLINDER

 Total Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πr (h+r)

 Lateral Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πrh
 Volume of Cylinder = πr2 h
CONE

 Lateral Surface Area of Cone = πrL

 Total surface area of cone = πr ( L+ r)
 Volume of Cone = ⅓ (πr2 h)
 Volume of a frustum of a cone = 1/3 πh(r₁2 + r₂2 + r₁r₂)
SPHERE

 Surface Area of Sphere= 4 πr2

 Volume of Sphere = 4/3 (πr3)

mean= l + (n/2-cf/) h
f

P (E) = Number of outcomes favourable to E / Number of all possible outcomes of the