Academia De Pulilan, Inc

In affiliation with The City School

Cut-cot, Pulilan, Bulacan
2023 - 2024

ASSESSING THE COCONUT CHARCOAL PRODUCTION AND USE ON

THE TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY OF BARANGAY CUT-COT
PULILAN, BULACAN

Trash to Treasure: The Usage of Coconut Waste Charcoal Briquettes on the

Transition to a Green Economy of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject in Practical Research 2

In Senior High School Department of Academia De Pulilan

Presented by:

12-STEM D

GROUP 2

Eusebio, Jillian Mairie R.

Joson, Gems Nelsen S.

Macaspac, Precious Ann M.

Malabon, Andrea Cassandra P.

Quinto, Jovy Grace S.

Raymundo, John Reyster I.

Siao, Aleiya D.

Presented to:

Mrs. Nancy Flores

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 APPROVAL SHEET

This research entitled “Trash to Treasure: The Usage of Coconut Waste Charcoal

Briquettes on the Transition to a Green Economy of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan”

prepared and submitted by Group 2 of Grade 12 STEM-D. In partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the Practical Research 2 in Senior High School, has been examined and is

hereby recommended for the acceptance and approval for final examination.

MRS. NANCY M. FLORES

Panel Chairman

MRS. MARIBETH ALEJO MRS. REGINA NEONA

Panel Member Panel Member

MRS. ELLIE ROSE APPLE I. DOMANICO

Panel Member

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the STEM-D, 2nd research team, would like to express our gratitude to everyone

who has provided us with ongoing support and inspiration, allowing us to complete this study in

the most expedient manner possible. We want to acknowledge these individuals that contributed

and supported us in making this research possible.

To God, our utmost gratitude for consistently guiding us at every juncture and providing

us with shelter and protection each day.

To our Panelists, for giving us permission to conduct this study and for showing us the

motivation to make this research possible.

To our Parents, who always support us in everything we do, who provide us with

everything we need, and who love us unconditionally.

To our Friends, who are always there to help us in making this research. The comments

and suggestions helped us to improve our research.

To our PR1 Mentor, Ms. Mr4s. Nancy M. Flores who teaches us valuable things in

conducting this research properly and correctly, who is always willing to answer all our

questions about our research, and who provides us guidance and support during the whole period

of our

research.

To People who gives us

We also like to thank the participants or the respondents of this study

for their participation and cooperation that greatly helped us finish this study in a more

effective way. Without their kindness, this study wouldn’t have been made possible.

We would like to express our genuine gratitude to every one of them. We’re beyond

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grateful.

ABSTRACT

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General objective:

The study's main objective is to evaluate the feasibility of using coconut waste charcoal

briquettes as a transition to a green economy of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan.

Specific Objectives:

I. To analyze if the resources used to produce coconut charcoal briquettes are sustainable

and to offer alternatives that are in line with green economy principles.

II. To examine if the coconut waste charcoal briquettes can provide a more eco-friendly

alternative to traditional charcoal.

III. To develop awareness programs and educational initiatives to prepare communities with

knowledge of environmentally friendly alternatives and sustainable coconut charcoal

production methods.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page……………………………………..………………………………………….…….......i

Approval Sheet……………………………………………………………………………......…..ii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………...

….......iiiAbstract…………………………………………………………………………………..

….……iv

Objectives………………………………………………………………………………...…...…..v

CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..1

Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………….....2

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………………….....3

Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………………………....4

Scope and Delimitation……………………………...……………………………………..……...4

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature……………………………………………………………..……….6

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………………..………..8

Hypothesis of the Study…………………………………………………………………..……….9

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………………10

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………………………….12

Respondents of the Study………………………………………………………………………...12

Research Procedure…………………………………………………..…………………………..13

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Methods of research……………………………….……………………………………………..13

Statistical Treatment……………………………………………………………………...……...13

CHAPTER IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Presentation of Data, Analysis, Interpretation, Discussion………………………………………15

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings…………………………………………………………………………….30

Conclusion…………………………………………………………...……………… ……...…..32

Recommendation……………………………………………………………………………...…33

Bibliography……………………...……………………………………………………………...35

Appendices……………………………….………………………………………………………37

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 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the Introduction, Background of the study, Statement of the problem,

Scope and Delimitation, and Significance of the study.

INTRODUCTION

Over the years, modern day civilization is now facing some serious environmental threats

due to the effect of worldwide globalization and modernization. Because of its importance for

modernization, the demands for fossil fuels continue to rise that mountains and even natural

preserve our now being mined illegally for its abundancy in coals. It can also cause major

pollution to rivers and streams because of harsh chemicals used that later on can affect the

ecosystem of the area . Despite all this, more greener combustible materials are ready and

available but many large corporations still insist of using the traditional coals as they think that

these alternatives are not commercially profitable to the market. Coconut charcoal can be one of

the greater choices for alternative combustible fuel. The use of coconut milk to Filipino dishes

like Caldereta and Ginataan results to the abundancy of coconuts in our region. The byproducts

of coconuts like husk and shell can now be turned to fuel that can also work closely similar to the

traditional coal and charcoal.

At this point, you may be wondering what is so good about this coconut fuel product that

it is encouraged by some to be used. Coconut charcoals are studied to have: [1] Reduced waste

contribution on our landfill masses, [2] a slow burning effect due to its density that makes it last

even longer than usual charcoal, [3] having little to no smoke due to the ash content of the

charcoals itself, [4] the production of charcoal itself only requires a small amount of energy

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making it consume lesser fuels, and [5] coconut charcoals can also show it's prowess in the fields

of medicine as it shown great health benefits to our skin and inner body.

Coconut charcoal is a true hidden gem that shows us its versatility. From its remarkable

benefits as combustible fuel to its use in the medical field of study. Coconut charcoal contains a

vast amount of potential to revolutionize our society by making it a more greener and renewable

world for all of us to enjoy.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to evaluate the enhanced coconut charcoal and use on the transition to a green

economy of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan.

Specifically, the researchers seek to answer the following questions:

1. Can coconut waste charcoal briquettes serve as a viable alternative to traditional charcoal

sources?

2. Is it safe to use coconut waste charcoal briquettes, especially when used for cooking food

and for other potential uses?

3. Is there enough supplies of charcoal shells in our environment specifically to the

community of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan Bulacan to produce coconut charcoal?

4. What are the potential environmental and economic benefits of using these coconut

charcoal as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional charcoal?

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The following aspects will be studied:

1. The study will assess how the production and utilization of coconut charcoal impact the

ongoing transition to a green economy. It will explore how this transition aligns with

goals related to environmental sustainability, and economic development. Emphasis will

be placed on identifying whether the coconut charcoal industry contributes positively or

negatively to the green economy.

2. The research will thoroughly investigate the methods and processes involved in coconut

charcoal production in the selected areas. This will encompass an analysis of production

techniques, and production scale.

3. Interviews, surveys, and direct engagement will be conducted with local stakeholders,

including coconut charcoal producers, consumers, and local communities. Their insights

will provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics involved in the coconut

charcoal supply chain.

Additionally, the study will have the following delimitations:

1. The study will not extensively examine alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, or

other types of biomass fuels. It will primarily focus on coconut charcoal and its role in

local coconut production.

2. The research will be confined to Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan and will not cover

the entire municipality or neighboring regions to limit the scope and resources needed

3. The study will concentrate on a specific time frame for data collection and analysis. It

may not include longer-term trends and shifts in the coconut charcoal industry that might

occur in the future.

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 4. The research may not extensively explore the broader economic aspects of Pulilan's

transition to a green economy. Instead, it will narrow its focus to the economic impact of

the coconut charcoal industry and its usefulness as an alternative to traditional charcoal.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The results of this study could be highly significant and beneficial, especially for the following:

Future Researchers. This study can serve as a foundational piece of research, providing

valuable insights, data, and methodologies that future researchers can build upon. It can guide

the formulation of research questions and hypotheses for more specific and focused

investigations.

Policy Makers: The study can inform policymakers about the environmental, economic,

and social consequences of charcoal production and consumption. It can guide the development

of regulations and policies to promote sustainable charcoal practices and align with green

economy goals.

Environmental Organizations: Environmental groups can use the study's findings to

advocate for conservation efforts, raise awareness about deforestation risks associated with

charcoal, and support policies that reduce environmental harm practices and align with green

economy goals.

Local Communities: The study can shed light on the impact of charcoal production on

local communities, including potential health hazards and economic opportunities. This

information can empower communities to engage in sustainable practices or negotiate better

terms with producers.

Sellers and Vendors: The study can provide sellers and vendors with insights into

changing consumer preferences and regulatory trends related to sustainable and green products.

This knowledge can help them adapt their business strategies to meet evolving market demands.

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 Charcoal Producers: Charcoal producers can benefit from insights into sustainable

production methods, which can enhance their long-term viability and competitiveness in a green

economy.

Consumers and End-Users: Consumers can make informed choices about their energy

sources and cooking methods, potentially reducing their environmental footprint and improving

indoor air quality.

Environmental Conservation: The study's findings can inform strategies to reduce

deforestation and habitat destruction associated with traditional charcoal production, contributing

to the preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems.

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 CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The chapter will now present to you a selection of previous literature written and conducted by

both foreign and local authors.The researchers also examined and analyzed carefully the

collected data from several online platforms, all which are seen relevant to the subject.

I. Foreign Literature

Ahmad and Sulaiman et al. (2022) explored the potential of coconut shell biomass for

charcoal production inspired by the rising percentage of CO2 emissions and because of it’s

affordability for the masses than regular fossil material. According to United Nations

Environment Programme (UNEP), in the past 10 years, CO2 emissions from deforestation

increased from more than 55 gigatonnes or equivalent to a staggering 1.5% per year on average.

Experts recommend that from the year 2022 - 2030, emissions must be reduced into 7.6% per

year to avoid disastrous consequences. This makes the world environmental sectors to search for

a more cleaner fuel. Production of fuel from biomass waste is seen to be an alternative option for

energy generation. Agricultural residues are seen to be the most potential biomass, considering

it’s sufficient amount of supply on the globe, it is also efficient because it eliminate waste and

solve energy issues at the same time. Coconut is an agricultural produce that is grown commonly

in tropical countries all year round. Major coconut planting countries include Philippines,

Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Hawaii, Africa, South America, and the Pacific islands. Annually, a

vast amount of coconut fruits are processed for a wide variety of use making the coconut milk,

water, and oil industries rose exponentially increasing discarded coconut shells thus contributing

to agricultural waste of tropical countries. It was studied that coconut shells contains high lignin

content of about 50wt%

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That makes it a great alternative biomaterial for production of charcoal. Coconut shell biomass

provide us more or less significant use to be used as a charcoal than regular feedstock due to the

following reasons: [1] it is produced all year round on tropical countries making the material

viable in anytime of the year, [2] it does not make any net contribution on the atmosphere when

carbonized properly, [4] it’s usage as an alternative will minimize the dependence of the globe

on non renewable energy sources, and lastly, [5] mitigate issues of waste disposal especially on

the agricultural sector.

Akolgo and Awafo et al. (2021) asses the potential of charcoal briquettes made up from

rice, sawdust and coconut waste to reduce the unsustainable harvesting of wood that contributes

on the rapid deforestation in Ghana. They gather the necessary materials from Tepa (Ahafo

Region), Techiman (Bono East), and Sunyani (Bono Region) that are abundant on large

quantities of rice, coconut and sawdust from timberlogs which are commonly disposed and

caused environmental pollutions. Since these resources currently have no economic use, they

gathered the materials for free. The charring process was then carried out at the Mechanical and

Engineering Laboratory of University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR) by utilizing

their own engineered non-incineration device called Multi-Feed Biomass Gasifier Stove

(MFGS), the first batch weighed 1600 grams of the materials that are charred for a period of 2

hours with the temperature of 250°C. It was then cooled down in a container and sprinkle it with

water 3 times to avoid the materials to re-ignite since the product is highly flammable. They

grind the charred materials and sieve it in a size of less than 0.2mm as they found out that these

are the most ideal size for the production of briquettes. Cassava starch was used as a binder

mainly because of its availability on the area. The uniform sieved materials are then mixed with

the binder (a ratio of 4:1) and was mold on a local plunger-type hand presser that creates a

material with a size of 30mm internal diameter and 60mm height. With the increase usage of the

charred briquettes, deforestation rate will drastically drop as the pressure for forest woods to

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make fuel sources will be much more less thanks to the more sustainable way of utilizing

economically disregarded products in to a much more efficient way of saving the planet.

According to Sibarani (2022), Indonesia posses the largest coconut tree area in the

world.However, the economy of the coconut industry in Indonesia are much more lower

compared to countries with much lower land area for plantation like the Philippines. He believed

that the economic success of the Philippines in this industry is mainly because they utilizes

coconuts more than Indonesia as they use the already waste products like coconut shells and

fibers in to a much more diverse variety of product making a much large profit margin than by

only selling coconut meat. Processing coconut meat produces vast amounts of shells that most

commonly caused waste build-up in the area. As a solution, efforts to utilizing coconut shells

into charcoals briquettes and polybag has been cultivated with the help the muslim captain and

young coconut SME entrepreneurs of Medan. The use of young coconut shells (7-10 months) as

a raw material usually takes longer process because they tend to have higher water content and

often produces low quality types of charcoal making it less viable to be use in the process.

The Charcoal Project (2021) posted a blog about their support to the use of coconut waste

as briquettes and it’s impact on entrepreneurial opportunities, socio-economic, and

environmental sectors of East Africa. Fatin Ibrahim, a researcher along with the charcoal

project (TCP), recently interviewed two briquette entrepreneurs that utilizes coconut waste as an

ingredient instead of traditional feedstocks. One of them is the company Kencoco, a coconut

briquettes producer that is based in Mombasa Kenya that possess facilities specifically in

Kikambala. They take advantage of the abundancy of coconut waste in the region to produce

clean burning charcoals mostly utilize for cooking and heating purposes of the area. Agricycle

Cycle, a company that is based in USA but operates in East Africa through its production sites

on Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. Agricycle’s Tropicoal Brand (Tropicoal) consist of palm

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kernels and coconut shells with the aim to end the deforestation for combustible fuels. Although

coconut waste is less popular as feedstock for briquettes for manufacturing charcoal, the unique

biochemicals properties of coconuts are the main factors that drew these companies on using

them. Kencoco elaborated that “customers likes them a lot, they are very impressed with the

briquettes”. He also states that it's not only because it's "hot burning” but also because it produce

less smoke than usual briquettes. Agricycle’s Tropicoal Brand emphasizes to their consumers the

key benefits of using coconut briquettes charcoal, for example, a 1 kg of “Tropicoal” briquettes

have the same calorific strength of a 2 kg of charcoal proving to be more cost effective as they

burn hotter but still last longer.

II. Local Literature

S & T Media Services (2022), wrote an article about Thega Coconut Farm (TCF) with

their partnership with Forest Products Research and Development Institute of the Department of

Science and Technology (DOST-FPRDI) to transform piles of waiting to decompose coconut

shells into a sustainable and eco friendly charcoal briquettes called “Super Uling”. Mrs. Sarahme

Corazon B. Esteban of DOST-FPRDI Socio-Economics and Marketing Section stated that Thega

Coconut Farm (TCF) produces roughly about 2400 kilograms of coconut shells every 45 days as

a result of their production of copra. “If not given free to nearby household or sold to tinapa

(smoked fish) makers at P3.50 a kg, the coconuts are usually left to breakdown into natural

compost. So the company thought of acquiring four drum kilns, a manual briquettor, a binder

mixer, and a charcoal crusher from DOST-FPRDI to turn the waste into something profitable”.

Esteban elaborated.

“Super Uling” is said to be much better alternative than the traditional charcoal

according to these three reasons. [1] Less messy on touch due to its uniform and compact texture,

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[2] exhibits a slow burning effect that gives more intense heat unit per volume, [3] it is said to be

almost smokeless making it viable for indoor grilling.

Reyes, et al. (n.d) tested the feasibility of coconut shell charcoal as an alternative to the

traditional ones that are usually made up of wood. It is tested to have a high heating value and

much more sustainable to the environment but problems arises as they found out one of the

major reason it is discouraged is because it is brittle and can be easily pulverized making storing

and transport of the material for domestic use difficult. However, with the process of briquetting,

the inherent advantages of coconut charcoal can be improved drastically. This process involves

the pulverization of the material into semi-fine powder then adding it in a mixture of binding

agent and water then mold it in a container. Asphalt pitch and coal tar both been tested to act as a

binder. These materials are not readily available in the Philippines, but alternative ingredients

like flour and cornstarch has been proven to be useful as a binding agent. The starch also said to

burn without giving any unwanted smell making it much more practical on home cooking while

working just as effective as it’s counterparts.

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 CONCEPTUAL/ THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This study draws its theoretical foundation from the work of

Gabriel Dominic Baygan, Michael Loretero, and Michael
Theory of Coconut Manihilig (2019). As their research noted, wood charcoal has
Charcoal Properties and served as an energy source for centuries which led to
Application contributing to deforestation in the country. As noted, they
examined the possibility of building a theory of using coconut
shells since Philippines is rich in coconut resources. Coconut
charcoal, a byproduct of coconut shells, is a notable resource
derived from this abundance.

Trash to Treasure: The

Usage of Coconut
According to the theory of Ibrahim Yerima & Mohammed
Waste Charcoal Zanna Grema, (2018), coconut shell possesses essential
characteristics that make it an ideal fuel, including a high
Briquettes as a calorific value, low moisture content, minimal ash, low carbon
dioxide emissions, absence of unpleasant odors, and a slower
Transition to a Green combustion rate.
Economy of Barangay
Cut-Cot Pulilan,
This study is anchored by the theoretical support of Olufemi
Bulacan Sotannde (2018), as he noted that the use of Agro-residues
like Coconut Shell (CNS) and Bambara Nut Shell (BNS) in
briquette production will help in reducing the Agro-waste
disposal problem, and also provide a cheap and cleaner fuel
alternative to fuel wood and fossil fuel in domestic energy
Environmental and
needs.
Sustainability Theory

The theory of Rabi Ahmad, et al. Shaharin Sulaiman (2022) is based on the idea that
coconut fruit has been employed in the last 20 years to create charcoal, a high-energy
fuel, offering a benefit compared to using raw biomass ultimately decreasing the release
of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Coconut charcoal production promotes the idea
of closing resource loops by reusing and repurposing waste materials to create value and
reduce environmental impacts.
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 Figure 1. Paradigm of the study

The research conducted by Gabriel B., et al., Michael L. in 2019, has explored various

practical uses of charcoal, ranging from household cooking to industrial metal smelting.

Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of charcoal as a preferred adsorbent for air

and water purification. It proposes that the efficient and environmentally friendly production of

coconut charcoal holds promise as a clean energy source. This theory is uphold by another study,

as referenced by Rabi A., et al., and Shahanin S. in 2020, which underscores the exceptional

properties of coconut shells, such as their high carbon content and eco-friendly characteristics,

making them a viable source of alternative energy and solid fuel compared to other biomass and

raw materials

Traditionally, wood remains the dominant source for charcoal production, largely due to

its easy accessibility and the absence of strict policy regulations. This reliance on wood as an

energy source has been linked to increasing deforestation rates in various regions, as pointed out

by Gabriel B., et al., Michael L. (2019). . In contrast, the Philippines has rich coconut resources

utilized in various industries, including edible oil production and lumber. Coconut charcoal, a

valuable by-product of coconuts, serves as a promising and eco-friendly alternative to traditional

wood-based charcoal.

To support the potential of using coconut waste charcoal briquettes as a transition to a

green economy, the theory of Ibrahim Yerima & Mohammed Zanna Grema, (2018) was used.

They explained that coconut shell biomass is a suitable material for charcoal production and

those properties collectively contribute to the coconut shell's suitability as a favorable and

efficient fuel option. The search results provide various studies that highlight the potential of

12
coconut shell biomass and offers a promising and eco-friendly alternative to conventional wood-

based charcoal.

Another study is anchored by the theoretical support of Olufemi Sotannde (2018) as he

explained that the utilization of agricultural residues such as Coconut Shell (CNS) and Bambara

Nut Shell (BNS) in the production of briquettes can play a significant role in addressing the issue

of agro-waste disposal. Additionally, this process can offer a cost-effective and environmentally

cleaner fuel alternative to both traditional fuelwood and fossil fuels for domestic energy

requirements. This approach aligns with the goal of reducing waste and promoting sustainable

energy practices within communities.

As reported in the Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2022), it reveals that coconut

shells possess diverse shapes and an abundance of macropores, along with high surface area and

porosity. These inherent qualities make coconut shells well-suited for various applications,

including charcoal production, activated carbon, insect repellents, fillers, incense sticks, and

more.

One of the fundamental underpinnings of this study is rooted in the theory of

environmental sustainability. This theory posits that the production of coconut charcoal aligns

with the concept of closing resource loops, wherein waste materials are reused and repurposed to

create value while simultaneously reducing environmental impacts. As underscored by Rabi A.,

et al., Shahanin S. (2020), coconut serves as a versatile and valuable resource employed in

various products. The economic significance of the coconut fruit has spurred increased demand,

fueling the growth of industries involved in processing coconut water, oil, and milk. This, in

turn, results in the global disposal of coconut shells as waste in tropical countries.

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 The sheer abundance of coconut biomass presents an opportunity for effectively utilizing

residual materials as an energy source. Consequently, coconut shell biomass is readily accessible

for energy generation.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

1. Coconut waste charcoal briquettes may offer a more sustainable and viable alternative

option compared to hardwood or traditional charcoal, as they come from coconuts, which

are a renewable resource.

2. The use of coconut waste charcoal briquettes for cooking food and other potential

applications does not pose significant health risks to consumers.

3. The environmental supply of coconut shells in Barangay Cut-Cot, Pulilan Bulacan, is

sufficient to support the production of coconut charcoal, given the consistent availability

of coconut shells as waste biomass within the local community.

4. Using coconut charcoal instead of traditional charcoal is expected to bring about

substantial environmental advantages. These include a decrease in the release of carbon

emissions, a reduction in deforestation, efficient handling of waste, and an improvement

in the livelihoods of the local community.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Biomass - renewable energy sources from plants and animals

Briquettes - a shaped material consist of coal and charcoal dust to be utilized as fuel

Calorific strength - the amount of heat produced on complete combustion of material.

Copra - the dried flesh of coconut meat from which oil is extracted

Feedstock - raw materials for processing products

Alternatives - can be used by one or more thing as an option

Renewable - resources are made by environmental and natural resources

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Feasibility - determines to do something in an easier way

Initiatives - is the capacity to develop potential knowledge about a certain learning

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

INSTRUMENT OF THE STUDY

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Academia.edu. (2018). Influence of Production Variables on Eco-Friendly Briquettes from

Coconut and Bambara Nut Shells.

Ahmad, R. B. (2022). Exploring the potential of coconut shell biomass for charcoal production.

Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 13(1).

Baygan, G. D., Loretero, M., & Manilhig, M. (2019). Coconut Shell Pyrolysis for Optimum

Charcoal Production. Proceedings of International Conference on Technological Challenges

for Better World 2019. Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering,

University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, 6000 Cebu, Philippines.

Coirmedia. (n.d.). Coconut shell charcoal- 7 Surprising Uses You Need to Know. Coir Media.

Retrieved from

Yerima, I., & Grema, M. Z. (2018). Exploring the potential of coconut shell biomass for charcoal

production. Energy Reports, 4, 1-7

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Survey questions

1. Are you aware of the environmental benefits associated with coconut charcoal, such as

reduced deforestation and lower carbon emissions, and do these factors influence your

choice to use it?

O. Yes

O. No

2. In your experience, what are the primary advantages and disadvantages of using coconut

charcoal, particularly in terms of heat intensity, burn time, and overall performance for

cooking or other applications?

(YOU CAN ASNWER AT THE BACK)

3. On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with the performance and efficiency of

coconut waste charcoal briquettes?

O. 1

O. 2

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O. 3

O. 4

O. 5

4. Do you think coconut waste charcoal briquettes can be used as a viable alternative to

traditional charcoal sources?

O. Yes

O. No

5. Have you noticed any differences in the flavor or aroma of food cooked with coconut

charcoal compared to other charcoals?

(YOU CAN ANSWER AT THE BACK)

6. Do you think coconut waste charcoal briquettes can be used to create an eco-friendly and

a cleaner community?

O. Yes

O. No

7. Do you agree that using charcoal briquettes made from coconut waste will be beneficial

for the environment like reducing deforestation and promoting sustainability in the

charcoal industry?

O. Agree

O. Disagree

8. How do you think that utilizing charcoal briquettes, produced from coconut waste, could

be advantageous for both the environment and human well-being?

O. It benefits both the environment and individuals

O. Only the environment will benefit from the reduction of coconut waste

O. By means of usage, only the humans can benefit

9. How long did the coconut charcoal last when you used it?

O. Long-lasting

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O. Not long-lasting

O. Charcoal quickly runs out

10. Did the coconut charcoal briquettes produce a lot of smoke when you used them?"

O. Yes, it produced a lot of smoke

O. No, it did not produce a lot of smoke

IMPORTANT DETAILS:

Dependent variable: The impact of using coconut waste charcoal briquettes on the green

economy of Barangay Cut-Cot Pulilan, Bulacan. This include factors such as reduced waste,

improved environmental sustainability, economic growth, or any other relevant indicators.

Independent variable: The usage of coconut waste charcoal briquettes. Its effects on reducing

waste, generating income, or other potential benefits related to sustainability and the local

economy.

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