CHEMISTRY PROJECT

#ANALYSIS OF ACIDITY OF ORANGE JUICE

Kanakam Yashwanth | Class: 12 | Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Uppal

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, the following project titled “Analysis

of Acidity Orange Juice” has been carried out by
Kanakam Yashwanth of class XII 2021-22 batch under the
guidance of Dr. Sharad Toshniwal PGT Chemistry

(Internal Examiner) (Principal)

(External Examiner)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I’m Extremely grateful to Dr. Sharad Toshniwal PGT

Chemistry, Head of Chemistry lab for her able guidance
and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the
project work, in time!

I also wish to thank my principal Mr. A A Israel for his

support and cooperation with which I was able to finish the
project in due time with accuracy.

Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my

heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents for their blessings,
my friends for their help and wishes for successful
completion of this project.

-Kanakam
Yashwanth
 AIM
#ANALYSIS OF ACIDITY OF ORANGE JUICE

Introduction

Function of the fruit:

The fruit gives protective to the seed and, therefore, to the
embryo. It stores food material. It also helps in dispersal of
the seed. Normally it is only the ovary that grows into the
fruit; such a fruit is known as the true fruit, Sometimes, other
floral parts, particularly the thalamus or even the calyx, may
grow and form a part of the fruit; such a fruit is known as false
fruit. Common examples of false fruits are Apples, Pear,
Cashew nuts, marting not, rose, dillenia,etc. In dillenia, the
calyx becomes thick and fleshy forming the only edible part of
the fruit.
 THEORY

Titration is a method of analysis that will allow us to

determine precise point of a reaction and therefore the
quantity of reactant in the titration flask. A burette is used
to deliver the second reactant to the flask and an
indicator is used to detect the end point of the reaction.
The stoichiometric volume of one reactant of known
concentration, the titrant that is required to react with
another reactant of known concentration, analyte is
measured. The concentration of the analyte is determined
from the concentration and volume of the titrant and
stoichiometry of the reaction between them.
 MATERIALS REQUIRED

1} Conical flask

2} Burette

3} NaOH solution

4} HCl

5} Na2CO3

7} Phenolphthalein Indicator

8} Methyl orange Indicator

9} Orange juice
 PROCEDURE
Step 1:
Standardizing HCl by titration with Na2CO3 solution:
1. Fill the burette with HCl solution. Check for air bubbles and leaks
before proceeding with titration and clamp it on the stand. Record the
initial reading and final reading on the burette.
2. Using pipette transfer 10ml Na2CO3 into flask.
3. Add 2 drops of methyl orange solution to the flask containingNa2CO3,
a yellow color appears
4. Open the stopcock of the burette and add some titrant to the
contents of the flask, Swirl the flask gently to mix the solution.
5. Continue to add the titrant with swirling. As the addition proceeds, we
will start to observe a faint red color appear quickly and fade.
6. When red color begins to disappear more slowly, slow the addition of
the titrant to drop wise rate till end point of reaction is reached i.e.,
red color lasts at least for 30 seconds.
7. Repeat the steps till you get two same consecutive readings
8. Record all Observations.
Step 2:
Standardizing of NaOH using Standardized HCl solution:
Similar process as in step 1 is to be carried out. HCl should be taken in
flask while NaOH in burette.
Step 3:
Titrating different fruit juices with Standardized NaOH:
Take NaOH in burette and fruit juices in flask and carry out the titration,
with phenolphthalein as the indicator in flask.
 OBSERVATIONS

Initial1.Na2CO3 and HCl Final: Difference

Formula :
0 20.5 20.5
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CO2(g) + H2O(l) + 2NaCl(aq)
20.5 40 19.5
0 19.5 19.5

Na2CO3 HCl
(M1V1)/n1 = (M2V2)/n2
n1 = 1 & n2 = 2
M1 = M/5; V1 = pipette = 10mL
V2 = Burette Reading = 19.5mL
M2 ((1/5+10) X 2)/19.5 = 4/19.5= 0.205M
 2. HCl and NaOH:
Initial Final Difference
Formula:
8 18.6 10.6
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
18.6 29.2 10.6
Initial Final Difference

4 7 3
7 10 3
HCl NaOH
NaOH Orange Juice
M1V1 = M2V2
M1V1 = M2V2
M1 = 0.205M; V1 = pipette= 10ml
M1= 0.2M; V1 = burette reading= 3mL
V2= Burette Reading = 10.6ml
V2 =10mL
M2 = 0.205 X 10/10.6 = 0.2M(0.193 approx 0.2)
M2 = 0.2 X 3/10 = 0.06M
3. Orange Juice
 Bibliography

#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple
#https://www.livestrong.com/article/260893-
names-of-acids-in-fruits-vegetables-dairy-
products/
#Google images.