1

CLASS 11 PHYLUM VERTEBRATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of Reptilia
✓ These are first truly terrestrial animals
living in warmer regions.
✓ Poikilothermic (Cold blooded animals)

✓ Body is divisible into head, neck and trunk.

tail is well developed in some, while it is
reduced in others.
✓ Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs are present;
but in snakes limbs are reduced or absent.

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CLASS 11 PHYLUM VERTEBRATA CBSE TERM 1

PAG 4
CLASS 11 Chordates CBSE TERM 1

✓ The nervous system comprises of 12 pairs of cranial

nerves.
✓ The lateral line system is absent in reptiles.
✓ Reptiles are ureotelic, uricotelic, and ammonotelic.

✓ Sexes are separate. ✓ They is no larval stage in

✓ Fertilization is internal development.
(characteristics of land animals). ✓ e.g. Testudo (tortoise),
✓ The embryo always lies in a fluid filled Chelone(turtle) Draco (flying lizard)
sac called amnion.

PAG
CLASS 11 Chordates CBSE TERM 1

PAG 6
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of AVES
The birds are described as ‘feathered
reptiles’ that have developed the
power of flight.
They are warm-blooded animals
The body is covered with soft feathers
(feathery exoskeleton).
The body is divisible into head, neck,
trunk and tail.

PAG 7
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of AVES
There are two pairs of limbs.
The forelimbs are modified to form wings
Hind limbs are strongly developed for
perching, walking.
Endoskeleton is light.
Pneumatic bones with air cavities.
Jaws are modified to form a strong beak.
Teeth are absent.

PAG 8
PAG 9
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of AVES
Respiration is by lungs only.
Lungs have additional bag like
membranous extensions called
as air sacs.
Heart is completely four
chambered.
Sexes are separate.
Birds are oviparous, i.e. egg
laying.
PAG 10
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of AVES
Fertilization is internal.
Fertilized eggs are laid with a yolk (stored
food) and with a hard calcareous shell.
They have the embryonic membranes
namely the amnion, chorion, yolk sac and
allantois.
High degree of parental care is exhibited.
There is no larval stage in development.

PAG 11
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of Mammals
Mammalia is most evolved group of organisms
Found in diverse habitats ranging from deserts,
polar ice caps, oceans, mountains, forests and
grasslands.
They are named mammals as female possess
mammary glands (milk producing glands) .
Mammals are the only animals which feed their
young ones with milk.

PAG 12
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of Mammals
They are warm-blooded animals
Skin is covered with an exoskeleton of hair.
Hair are provided with sweat glands
In aquatic mammals, hair being negligible, the
subcutaneous layer of fats provides insulation.
Mammals have two pairs of pentadactyl limbs.
The body cavity is unequally divided into two
parts by a muscular partition called as
diaphragm.
PAG 13
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of Mammals
Teeth are embedded in sockets
(thecodont).
Two sets of teeth develop in the lifetime of
a mammals
Milk teeth and permanent teeth
(diphyodont).
Teeth are of different types (heterodont).
Respiration occurs by lungs.
Heart is four chambered. R.B.Cs are non
nucleated and usually circular.
PAG 14
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of
Mammals
The brain is well developed
divided into cerebrum,
cerebellum and medulla.
They possess 12 pairs of
cranial nerves.

PAG 15
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Characteristics of Mammals
Sexes are separate.
Fertilization is internal.
Embryonic membranes (amnion,
chorion, yolk sac and allantois)
present.
They give birth to living young ones
and are called as viviparous.
The young ones are fed on milk
from mammary glands.
PAG 16
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Monotreme Marsupial Mammals Placental Mammals

✓ Egg-laying mammals ✓ Pouched mammals

✓ These mammals show ✓ They are viviparous.
characters of both reptiles ✓
and mammals.
✓ They lay hard shelled eggs
(oviparous)
✓ e.g. spiny ant eater, Duck – ✓
billed platypus
✓ True mammals
✓ With true placenta.
Young ones are cared
✓ The embryo is retained
in mothers pouch and
in the uterus.
feed on the mother
✓ e.g. Lion, tiger, camel,
milk
giraffe, whale, dolphin,
e.g. Kangaroo, Kola
monkey, humans etc.
bear,

PAG 17
CLASS 11 PHYLUM CHORDATA CBSE TERM 1

Marsupial
Mammals Placental Mammals

Monotreme

PAG 18
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