6.2 Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge @ Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge # At power levels below a few kW (eg., residential applications), power electronic systems are supplied by a single-phase utility source. Lj the inductance internal to the utility supply + an external inductance which may be intentionally added in series R,: series resistance to represent the losses on the ac side wa Compare node a and b Diode 1 and 3: since their cathodes are connected together, the one with the anode connected to the most positive will conduct. } Diode 2 and 4: since their anodes are connected together, the one with the cathode connected to the most negative will conduct. 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Vitti 6.2 Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge Single-Phase Diod r Bridge (highly inductive load) ¢ Rectifier with highly inductive load: wl >> R > output current seen as constant Io Lr mode, z Vs Average voltage across resistor: ( aye - Is= 2Vs (! Vian), =Vp= af vsdaot = af Vepesin(eot)deot = Sze fo 0 1 ™ sp > ¥ 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Viti ‘® Average current on DC-side: /oSingle-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge (highly inductive load) 2Vs, avg, © Average (Real) Power: Po = [BR = (—2*)?R = ater RENT By = 2h" vs(Digu(Odeot = Jo" Vspxsin(wt)lsy pxSin(wt)deot a 4 2Vs pelo f2" =F] Vsonsin(we)—osin(wt)daot = S22 [ lo s > a Vs. pe 2Vs v2vé, Apparent Power: § = Vsrmi: (se = aa ae a Pp 2 ® Power factor: PF 22. 4+ & oor be _ » | DD, SFM 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary 6.2 Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge (highly inductive load) ° !) Average (Rell Power: P= = Verne mse (Get) Vm oa : == TI, S=Voans Lg.oms= ta 72 ® Power factor: PEE £ Apparent Power: Tees 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary sin?(wt)dot = ftw Vee 2Wepilo Cd wR wae ee Guake a vi Vite6.2 Single-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge ¢ To eliminate the large ripple on the DC side, a large filter capacitor (C,) can be connected. pug Aca time constant, T=R,,Cy is large As long as vp exceeds the input voltage magnitude, all diodes remain reverse biased and i, remains zero. The current through the rectifier is very large near the peak of the 60-Hz ac input voltage and it does not flow continuously > these rectifiers draw highly distorted current from the utility > low input power factor and high THD 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Vega Recall from EE2003 2.1 Rectifier Circuits Filter at the output: The output can be filtered by adding a capacitor across the load resistor, reducing the ripple significantly. Half-wave rectifier * Add filter capacitor ee ( f vs (These two graphs are under the assumption that the diode has cut-in voltage of V,) 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary VieRecall from EE2003 2.1 Rectifier Circuits HaiflWaVe Rectification Transient Assume capacitor is initially uncharged (v,=0) (1) Initially, as v, 7, vot es -| yo =eV ale HH ‘0 | Y. u@ c ‘se cower Pr, Vo todecreag ~*~ (2) When v, J from its peak, capacitor starts to i discharge through resistor T. (Note: time constant, ma) is large) ¢ a R a UN 2 - (Assume that the diode has od oO + cut-in voltage of V,) o_ db or 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Viejo Recall from EE2003 2.1 Rectifier Circuits z iy ve Half-wave Rectification: Transient Capacitor is initially uncharged“ 7 Ue : (3) When v, J t0 v5 ¥o< Vy D stops fe: conducting. x c R re vy c ge (4) When ,, D starts conducting again and t or gets charged. eV >Vp (Assume that'the diode has cut-in voltage of V,) 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary ViiRecall from EE2003 2.1 Rectifier Circuits Half-wave Rectification: Steady-state Corru. Aim, y "0 T oF Time Diode conduction period ¥ (Assume that the diodehas on when v,2V,+¥ ——bUs—Vo 2 cut-in voltage of V,) = turns off when v,< V,+¥o Since the capacitor filters out a large portion of the sinusoidal signal, it is called a filter capacitor 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Vien 6.3 Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge ™@ Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge It is preferable to use a three-phase utility source, except at a fractional kilowatt, if such a supply is available. A commonly used full-bridge rectifier circuit: ig Van(t) = Yasin(wt) Von(t) = Yasin(wt — 120°) Voa(t) = Vnsin(wt ~ 240°) Ly the inductance internal to the utility supply + an external inductance which may be intentionally added in series ® Compare node a, b, andc > Diode 1,3, and 5: the one with the anode connected to the most positive will conduct ® Diode 2, 4, and 6: the one with the cathode connected to the most negative will conduct 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary Vidi6.3 Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge i Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge (highly inducti ) 1 ,! Upn {wey Paid is 7 Bly v= Hast) ry) = gst #20) MIN eS wt) =Yot 120) Sgt 90) / / tal = Hyak 2409 Ha) ~V~ 20% © » g 330° < wt < 30°:D, &D; ON, Pp = vey alg -| 4 D4, on 2023/2024 Sem 2 PolyU Proprietary + Vi-gdes 6.3 Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge I Three-Phase Diode-Rectifier Bridge (highly inductive load) 2 Van (t) = VaVsin(eot + 30°) 120) c(t) = V3¥qsin(iwt ~ 90° Vsin(aat — 240°) Vin) = Malt) ‘© Real power supp! Pan Total real power supplied at input: Pig = 3Pan = ER 2023/2024 Sem 2 =V3i_sin(ot ~ 210 , PolyU Proprietary Vine YD. Vian