Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS – MANILA
Manila Education Center Arroceros Forest Park
Antonio J. Villegas St. Ermita, Manila

Disciplines and Ideas

in the Social Sciences
Social Sciences to a
Better World

Quarter 1 - Week 1
Module 1
Most Essential Learning Competency:
Differentiate the nature and functions of Social Science
disciplines with the Natural Sciences and Humanities
 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully
enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THE MODULE

 Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module.
 Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.
 Looking Back to your Lesson - This section will measure what learnings and
skills did you understand from the previous lesson.
 Brief Introduction - This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
 Discussion - This section provides a short discussion of the lesson. This aims
to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.
 Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform with a partner.
 Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.
 Check your understanding - It will verify how you learned from the lesson.
 Posttest - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module.

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 EXPECTATIONS
You will differentiate the nature and functions of Social Science
disciplines with the Natural Sciences and Humanities.

Specifically, this module will help you to:

 describe Social Sciences as a comprehensive study of society;

 compare and contrast Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Humanities;
 appreciate the importance of Social Sciences as instruments to deeply
understand the society

Let us start your journey in learning more about Social

Sciences. I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the
Pretest. Smile and cheer up!

PRETEST
Directions: Read each question/sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following definitions best describes the term “society”?

a. It is a small group of people whose members share tight, personal, and

lasting relationships

b. It is a large social group where the relationships among members are

usually impersonal and goal oriented

c. It is a collection of people whose members frequently meet and consider

themselves as parts of a group

d. It is an organized group of individuals whose members regularly meet or

work together and have a shared culture, interest, and territory

2. The following are the disciplines that are both associated with Social Sciences
and Humanities EXCEPT __________.

a. Anthropology b. Economics c. History d. Linguistics

3. Which academic discipline studies different human conditions and the ways
wherein the human experiences are processed and recorded?

a. Humanities c. Philosophy

b. Natural Science d. Social Science

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4. Which of the following terms refers to the body of knowledge concerned with the
systematic study of different facets of our society, several social phenomena, and
the effects of these occurrences on people’s lives?

a. Humanities c. Philosophy

b. Natural Science d. Social Science

5. What element of Social Sciences places the entire area of study on the members
of the society and their social environments or backgrounds?

a. Empirical Analysis c. Society

b. Nature d. Superstition

6. Which of the following areas of study concentrates on examining every natural

phenomenon that happened, or is currently occurring, in the world by means of
tangible evidences such as natural forces, artifacts, and fossils?

a. Humanities c. Philosophy

b. Natural Science d. Social Science

7. Several intellectuals considered the use of philosophical approach in examining

human societies as an unpleasant continuing impact of the past that is needed
to be opposed by using critical reason, enlightenment, and, if necessary,
revolution. Which of these intellectuals founded Positivism to study our societies?

a. Auguste Comte c. Herbert Spencer

b. Charles Darwin d. Karl Marx

8. The element of Social Sciences that puts the whole body of knowledge in an
academic mode of inquiry about our societies by means of the scientific method
refers to __________.

a. Empirical Analysis c. Society

b. Nature d. Superstition

9. What is the importance of the Age of Enlightenment in the history of Social

Sciences?

a. It is where the Social Sciences started to become slightly scientific

b. It is where the origins of some of the significant concepts and purposes of

Social Sciences emerged

c. It is where numerous social philosophers used philosophical approaches

in investigating human societies

d. It is where scientific thoughts became more reliable than faith and

superstition in explaining various social phenomena

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10. What is the similarity between Social Sciences and Natural Sciences?

a. Both areas utilize the scientific method in creating a study.

b. Both disciplines focus on the creative expressions of human experiences.

c. Both fields concentrate on observing and understanding numerous social

phenomena.

d. Both studies explore the different laws of nature that govern our world
through objective and experimental methods.

Great, you finished answering the questions. You may request your
facilitator to check your work. Congratulations and keep on learning!

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
What comes into your mind when you hear the word “society”? Technically,
society is usually described as an organized group of individuals whose members
work together or regularly meet and have a shared territory, interest, and way of
living. Likewise, it signifies companionship or association with others. According to
several philosophers, society is the outcome of the purposeful activities of the people
who came together for the achievement of a shared goal. Seems clear, right? However,
do you think it is enough for you to fully understand our society by merely using
these definitions? Of course, it is not enough. Society is too difficult to study due to
its problems and complexities. That is why there is a need for us to have helpful tools
in comprehending these matters.

In this lesson, you will learn about the significance of Social Sciences as
advantageous instruments in studying the different facets of our society and
understanding the burning issues and complications surrounding it. In addition, you
will also recognize the similarities and differences of Social Sciences to other
disciplines such as Natural Sciences and Humanities.

DISCUSSIONS
Lesson
Social Sciences: The Study
1 of Society

Do you still remember the Battle of Marawi or more popularly known as

Marawi Siege? For historians, it will never be forgotten since this armed conflict is
considered as the longest urban battle in Philippine modern history. This five-month-

5
long armed conflict between the Armed Forces of the
Philippines and the militants, including the Maute
group and the Abu Sayyaf that are both associated
with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL),
had caused over a thousand casualties and left the
beautiful Islamic City of Marawi in ruins. On
October 17, 2017, the day after the militant leaders
of both groups were reportedly killed during an
operation, this battle finally ended, and Marawi City
Figure 1: Bombing on Marawi City
was liberated. However, the impact of this urban https://tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaksan:
Bombing_on_Marawi_City.jpg
battle can still be seen, especially on the people of
Marawi City who lived through its terrors. That is why many Filipinos are asking
about the government’s preparedness for this kind of conflict and the measures that
it is doing to prevent another battle to commence. Luckily, these questions can be
resolved by the various disciplines of Social Sciences, which investigate the different
factors that affect and shape individuals and societies such as culture, history,
politics, and many more. Social Sciences, as the systematic study of human society,
can be considered as helpful tools that provide the necessary knowledge and skills
for us to deeply understand several social phenomena and, more importantly, to
make our world a better place to live in.

SOCIAL SCIENCES

Essentially, the term “Social Sciences” is defined as the body of knowledge

concerned with the methodical study of various aspects of our society, numerous
social phenomena, and the impacts of these occurrences on people’s lives. It is
characterized as the area of study that deals with the human behavior in its cultural
and social facets. Also, it is considered as the branch of science that focuses on the
interpersonal relationships among people living in a society. Over the past centuries,
Social Sciences focused on the contributing factors or elements that molded and
governed the development of the human civilization. Speaking of elements, what are
the important elements of Social Sciences?

ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

As you can see, there are two words comprising the term “Social Sciences.”
These words represent the two substantial elements of Social Sciences, which are
the society (social) and the empirical analysis (science). Society, the first element of
Social Sciences, puts the entire body of knowledge in individuals as social beings
and their social backgrounds or environments. It situates Social Sciences in people
and social issues that are affecting them. On the other hand, empirical analysis
places the Social Sciences in an academic mode of investigation about human society
using the scientific method, the systematic and rational process of obtaining
knowledge. Because of this element, learning about society and understanding the
things that are happening in it need to be conducted experimentally such as having
a keen observation, critical analysis, and interpretation of social facts, which include
data and information about a particular social phenomenon, identified from the
6
individuals living within a certain society. This element is also the reason why Social
Sciences are recognized as scientific disciplines, which help people grasp the idea of
society and its complexities. Now, the question is: How Social Sciences started to be
recognized as scientific disciplines?

HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

The roots of some of the important concepts and purposes of Social Sciences
go completely back to the ancient Greece. The contributions of the ancient Greece in
the area of social thought are still noticeable even up to these days. We have Social
Sciences today because of the Greeks’ willpower to understand everything in the
essence of rational inquiry. Without this determination, the Renaissance and the
Enlightenment, two historical periods where some of the major evolutionary ideas
emerged, would not have served their own respective purposes in the course of our
civilization, especially the Enlightenment (17th-18th century) where the study of
society started to become somewhat scientific.

Before and during the Age of Enlightenment, the

approaches used by several social philosophers in
examining human societies were much more
philosophical than scientific. Numerous philosophes,
the intellectuals or social philosophers who shaped the
18th century Enlightenment, considered this as a
disagreeable continuing influence of the past that is
Figure 2: Philosophes
needed to be opposed through enlightenment, critical http://www.stanislasurbietorbi.com/s
tanislas/repas-votaire.htm
reason, and, if necessary, revolution. Because of this
new spirit, several important contributions were made for the Social Sciences during
the Age of Enlightenment such as growth when it comes to the consciousness of the
diversity of human experience in our world, spreading sense of the cultural or social
character of human actions within society, and, most prominently, the development
of ideal of a science of society, a distinct area of study that has its particular
distinctive focus of attention.

Although Social Sciences have their own distinguishing

subject matters, these fields utilize the same philosophical
system that directed the progress of other disciplines such as
Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences, and that is
Positivism. Positivism is a philosophy that believes that every
single reasonable affirmation can be scientifically proven or
tested by empirical sciences or is capable of mathematical or
logical evidence. Furthermore, it holds that for us to attain a
Figure 3: Auguste Comte
certain scientific idea, objectivity and practical investigation of https://tl.m.wikipedia.org/
evidences must be observed. This philosophical theory is wiki/Talaksan:Auguste_Co
mte2.jpg
guiding Social Sciences in grasping and explaining numerous
social phenomena through systematic observations, critical analyses, and
interpretations of social facts found among the people living in a specific society such
as interpersonal relationships and human activities. Auguste Comte (1798-1857),
the founder of Positivism and the one who foreshadowed the use of this philosophy
7
in studying human behaviors, argued that metaphysics and theology are imperfect
methods in searching for knowledge; that rational thought is far more powerful in
comparison to faith and superstition in explaining different social phenomena. He
proposed that theism and metaphysics should be rejected since these modes of
knowledge cannot be proven by empirical analysis and, therefore, are unreliable. Now
that you already knew that Social Sciences are also employing the scientific method
in studying their own subject matters, the next question is: What makes Social
Sciences different from other disciplines like Natural Sciences and Humanities?

NATURAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

What makes Social Sciences unique from other

areas of study such as Natural Sciences and
Humanities is that these disciplines concentrate on
analyzing and explaining the different aspects of social
life of the individuals including their behaviors. Also,
these fields focus on observing and interpreting various
social phenomena. On the other hand, Natural
Sciences, or the sciences of nature, give attention on Figure 4: Natural Science
https://pixabay.com/de/illustrations/
investigating every single natural phenomenon that physik-wissenschaft-medizin-dna-
occurred, or is currently happening, in our world using 140901/
tangible evidences like natural forces, fossils, and artifacts. These areas of study
explore the laws of nature that rule our world through objective and empirical
approaches. Also, Natural Sciences can be further categorized into Physical Sciences,
Biological Sciences, Earth Sciences and many more. Humanities, differently, are
academic disciplines that study numerous human conditions and the manners
wherein the human experiences are treated and recorded. Additionally, these studies
aim to comprehend the human perspective of individuals’ social existence and the
responses these people are displaying on different occurrences. For instance, the
literary works of Jose Rizal, such as Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, aim to
educate the Filipinos on the persecutions experienced by our countrymen during the
Spanish regime.

Even though these three fields of study are different from one another, they
are also sharing a few similarities in some areas. Social Sciences, Natural Sciences,
and Humanities are all employing the scientific method in producing knowledge,
though this systematic process is more usual in Social Sciences and Natural
Sciences since Humanities are more focused on the creative expressions of human
experiences. When it comes to the similarity between Social Sciences and
Humanities, some of the disciplines of Social Sciences are also affiliated with
Humanities such as Anthropology, Linguistics, and, especially, History. History is
considered as the borderline to the two fields of knowledge since its methods and
insights penetrate both Social Sciences and Humanities.

8
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1.1. Defining Moment
Objective: Describe Social Sciences as the comprehensive study of society.

Directions:
1. Develop your own comprehensive definition of the term “Social Sciences.”
2. Write your definition on a separate sheet of paper.
3. Use other sources like dictionaries and search engines if these will only serve
as additional references.

Social Science /ˌsōSHəl ˈsīəns/ n. __________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible Points

Content (presence of ideas) 10 points
Organization (order) 4 points
Style (choice of words) 4 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) 2 points
Total 20 points

Activity 1.2. Triple Bottom Line (TBL)

Objective: Compare and contrast Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and
Humanities
Directions:
1. Compare and contrast Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Humanities
2. Make your Triple Venn Diagram on a separate sheet of paper.
3. Answer the guide questions that follow.

Image courtesy of: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venn_diagram_ABC_BW.png

9
Guide Questions:
1. What are the similarities of Social Science to Natural Science and
Humanities?
2. How does Social Science differ from Natural Science?
3. How does Social Science differ from Humanities?

Activity 1.3. Slogan Making Period (SMP)

Objective: Appreciate the importance of Social Sciences as instruments to deeply
understand the society

Directions:
1. Generate your own slogan about the significance of Social Sciences as
instruments in understanding our society.
2. Write your slogan on a bond paper.
3. Create your output creatively and imaginatively.
Rubrics

Criteria Highest Possible Points

Relevance (relation to the topic) 20 points
Originality (uniqueness) 20 points
Creativity (artistry) 10 points
Overall Slogan Impact (appeal) 10 points
Total 60 points

REMEMBER
 The term “Social Sciences” is characterized as the body of knowledge
concerned with the systematic study of various aspects of human society,
several social phenomena, and the effects of these occurrences on people’s
lives.
 Positivism is a philosophical theory that believes that all reasonable assertions
can be systematically tested or proven by empirical sciences or is capable of
logical or mathematical evidence.
 Auguste Comte is the founder of Positivism and the one who suggested the
use of this philosophical system in learning about human behaviors.
 Natural Sciences concentrate on examining all natural phenomena that
happened, or are currently occurring, in the world through tangible evidences
such as fossils, artifacts, and natural forces.
 Humanities are disciplines that deal with several human conditions and the
manners in which the human experiences are processed and recorded.


10
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

World of Words (WOW)

Based on the article about the “Marawi Siege” make a reflection paper on this
five-month-long armed conflict happened between the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, Maute group and the Abu Sayyaf, which occurred in the Islamic City of
Marawi that caused over thousand casualties and left the city ruined.

Directions:
1. Use all the words/terms inside the box.
2. Consider other words/terms if needed, to strengthen your reflection.
3. Write your reflection on a separate sheet of paper.

Diversity Future Human Behavior Knowledge Interconnected

Peace Politics Respect Social Sciences Society

Rubrics:

Criteria Highest Possible Points

Content (presence of ideas) 10 points
Organization (order) 4 points
Style (choice of words) 4 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) 2 points
Total 20 points

POSTTEST
Directions: Read each question/sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best
answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. “According to Albert Einstein, light has no mass. Thus, it also has no energy.
However, how can sunlight warm the earth without energy?”

Which of the following academic disciplines can answer this question?

a. Humanities c. Social Physics

b. Natural Sciences d. Social Sciences

11
2. When a researcher tries to learn about human society and understand the things
that are occurring in it by conducting keen observations, critical analyses, and
interpretations of social facts found from the individuals living in a society, what
element of Social Sciences does the researcher focus?

a. Empirical Analysis c. Society

b. Nature d. Superstition

3. If the purpose of the scientific method in Natural Sciences is to study all natural
phenomena that happened, or are currently occurring, in our world using
tangible evidences such as artifacts, fossils, and natural forces, what is the
purpose of the scientific method in Social Sciences?

a. To discover the laws of nature that rules our world.

b. To explore the creative expressions of human experiences.

c. To study the several human conditions and the manners wherein the
human experiences are processed and recorded.

d. To understand the different aspects of human society, several social

phenomena, and the impacts of these occurrences on people’s lives.

4. If the focus of the Natural Sciences is to explore all natural phenomena that
occurred, or are currently happening, in the world, what is the focus of the
Humanities?
a. To study the different aspects of human society.

b. To explore the laws of nature that rules our world.

c. To discover the effects of social phenomena on people’s live.

d. To understand the numerous human conditions and the ways wherein the
human experiences are treated and documented.

5. In terms of the connection between Social Sciences and Humanities, some of the
disciplines of Social Sciences are also affiliated with Humanities. Which of the
following disciplines of Social Sciences is NOT associated with Humanities?

a. Anthropology b. Economics c. History d. Linguistics

6. Social Sciences began to become slightly scientific during the __________.

a. Age of Enlightenment c. Medieval Period

b. Industrial Revolution d. Renaissance Period

12
7. Auguste Comte believed that theology and metaphysics are imperfect modes of
knowledge and that these two should be rejected since they cannot be verified by
experimental investigation. Which of the following tendencies of thought was
founded by Auguste Comte to oppose the two studies?

a. Democracy c. Humanitarianism

b. Evolution d. Positivism

8. In the elements of Social Sciences, the empirical analysis places the entire body
of knowledge in a systematic mode of inquiry about human societies through the
scientific method while the society puts the whole area of study on __________.

a. The creative expressions of human experiences

b. The people living in a society and their social environments or backgrounds

c. The study of all natural phenomena that occurred, or are currently

occurring, in the world
d. The numerous human conditions and the manners in which the human
experiences are treated and recorded

9. Which of the following is NOT a definition of the term “society”?

a. It is the friendly association or companionship with other people

b. It is a large group of individuals whose relationships are impersonal and

detached

c. It is the product of purposeful activities of individuals who came together

for the attainment of a common goal

d. It is an organized group of people whose members work together or

regularly meet and have a shared way of living, interest, and territory

10. The scientific method is less commonly used in what academic discipline?

a. Humanities c. Social Physics

b. Natural Science d. Social Science

13
 REFERENCES

Books
Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Quezon City,
Philippines: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Dela Cruz, A. R., Fadrigon, C., & Mendoza, D. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the
Social Sciences. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.
Delos Santos, D. L. (2017). Community Engagement, Solidarity, and Citizenship.
Manila, Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Sampa, E. (2017). Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. Manila,
Philippines: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Tatel, C., Jr. (2016). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences. Manila, Philippines:
Rex Book Store, Inc.

Online Sources
Bajo, A. F. & Bigtas, J. A. (2018, May 22). Revisiting the 2017 Marawi City siege.
Retrieved from https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation
/654218/revisiting-2017-marawi-city-siege/story/
Battle of Marawi. (2020, May 23). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.
wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marawi

Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and

Practices. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.
cgi?article=1002&context=oa_textbooks#:~:text=The%20scientific%20method
%2C%20as%20applied,action%20research%2C%20and%20so%20forth.
Department of Education. (2014, February). Disciplines and Ideas in the Social
Sciences [Curriculum Guide]. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2019/01/Disciplines-and-Ideas-in-the-Social-Sciences.pdf

Department of Education Regional Office III. (2017, May). DISS Disciplines and
Ideas in the Social Sciences [Daily Lesson Plan]. Retrieved from
https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWF
pbnxodW1zc2hhdmVufGd4OjdiMGY3NjM1NjI3ZGZhM2Q

14
Grade 11 Humss Diss. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/
353485681/Grade-11-Humss-Diss

Nisbet, R. (2017, November 3). Social science. Retrieved from https://www.

britannica.com/topic/social-science

Philosophes. (2020, May 17). In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Philosophes
Positivism. (n.d.). In Lexico. Retrieved from https://www.lexico.com/en/
definition/positivism
Sir Denz Modules. (2019, July 1). DISS Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences [Blog
Post]. Retrieved from https://sirdenzmodules.blogspot.com/2019/07/diss-
discipline-and-ideas-in-social.html
Society. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/society

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 Management and Development Team
Schools Division Superintendent: Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V
Chief Education Supervisor: Aida H. Rondilla
CID Education Program Supervisor: Amalia C. Solis
CID LR Supervisor: Lucky S. Carpio
CID-LRMS Librarian II: Lady Hannah C Gillo
CID-LRMS PDO II: Albert James P. Macaraeg

Editors: Ma. Teresa B. Berondo, Master Teacher II (Content)

Alvin V. Santos, Master Teacher II (Content)
Fernando B. Halili – Master Teacher II (Language)
Writer: Paul Gavasan – Teacher III

16
 REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET
Name: ____________________________________________ Grade and Section: ___________

School: __________________________ Date: __________ Subject Teacher: ______________

Quarter: 1st Module No.: 1 Week No.: 1

MELC: Differentiate the nature and functions of Social Science disciplines with the
Natural sciences and Humanities.
Objectives:
1. Appreciate the importance of Social Sciences as instruments to deeply
understand the society.
2. Create a journal entry analyzing the importance of Social Sciences in
combating Covid 19 pandemic.
Topic: Social Sciences: The Study of Society

Journal Entry

Directions: From what you have learned about the lesson, create a journal entry on
how Social Sciences can help in the battle against Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19). Write your journal entry on a separate sheet of paper. Reminder:
Reading news articles and/or surfing the internet about the contributions of Social
Sciences in the prevention and control of other infectious diseases is/are highly
suggested.

Criteria for the written output:

Content (in-depth and comprehensive) - 15 points
Organization (Presentation of thought) - 10 points
Conventions (grammar, spelling) - 5 points
Total: 30 points

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18
Pretest Posttest
1. d 1. b
2. b 2. a
3. a 3. d
4. d 4. d
5. c 5. b
6. b 6. a
7. a 7. d
8. a 8. b
9. a 9. b
10.a 10.a
ANSWER KEY