LIVERWORTS: PHYLUM

MARCHANTIOPHYTA
Liverworts are group of about 5200 species of plants
Many terrestrial, some aquatic
Gametophytes develop from spores
Some may develop from a protonema-like
Two clades
1. Complex thalloid liverworts with internal differentiation
2. Leafy liverworts
Complex Thalloid Liverworts
Include
• Riccia
• Ricciocarpus
• Marchantia
MARCHANTIA

Antheridiophores

Archegoniophores
The sporophyte structure of Riccia and Ricciocarpus
In Marchantia, the sporophyte generation
consists of a foot, a short seta and a capsule.
In addition to spores, the mature sporangium
contains elongated cells called elaters.
 In Marchantia, the gemmae are produced
special cuplike structures--called gemma cups.
LIFE CYCLE OF MARCHANTIA
Leafy Liverworts
Have a distinctive leaf structure and/or arrangement.

Very diverse group that includes more than 4000 of the

5200 species of the phylum marchantiophyta.

Abundant in tropics and subtropics, in regions of heavy

rainfall and humidity
Leafy liverworts are also well represented in temperate
region.

Antheridia are generally borne on a short side branch with

modified leaves called androecium.

Sporophyte surrounded by a tubular sheath known as

perianth.
MOSSES: PHYLUM
BRYOPHYTA
 There are several classes
1. Sphagnidae, the peat mosses

2. Andreaeidae, the granite mosses

3. Bryidae, the true mosses

Peat mosses belong to the class Sphagnidae

One genus, Spagnum

400 species
Known from 290 mya
Sporophytes are blackish-brown
Capsules on a stalk or pseudopodium
(gametophytic)
Ballistic spore discharge through a
lidlike operculum
Granite mosses belong to the
Class Andreaeidae

With 2 genera:
Andreaea
Andreaobryum
True Mosses belong to the class
Bryidae

Includes most of the species of mosses

Protonemata with single row of cells
and slanted cross walls
Leafy gametophytes appear from
minute budlike structures on
protonemata
Tissues specialized for water and food
conduction
Hadrom
Leptom
LIFE CYCLE OF A MOSS
Mosses exhibit cushiony or feathery growth pattern
HORNWORTS: PHYLUM
ANTHOCEROPHYTA
• Similar to thallus liverworts
• Cells with large plastid and
pyrenoid
• Gametophytes are rosettelike
• Internal cavity filled with Nostoc
• Uni or bisexual
• Antheridia and Archegonia
suken on dorsal surfaces.
 Sporophyte is upright and elongated
It consists of a foot and a long
cylindrical capsule or sporangium
Meristem between foot and
sporangium
Sporophyte covered by cuticle and
stomata
Dehiscence from the apex
Spores mixed with elater-like cells
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