Cambridge Science Year 7 LB Lyp Part 3 Compressed

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5.1 Metals and non-metals
5 Properties of
materials
E
In this topic you will:
•
•
PL
list the properties of metals and non-metals
learn about the uses of metals and non-metals.
Getting started
Look around the room you are in. Can you identify at least five
different metals?
How do you know that they are metals?
Key words
brittle
conduct
ductile
M
Compare your ideas with a partner. insulators
magnetic
malleable
materials
shatter
SA
shiny
sonorous
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5 Properties of materials
Metals
Metals are very useful materials. Materials are the
substances from which objects are made.
There are many different metals. Metals are used to do
different jobs.
Metals are strong and tough. They do not shatter when
dropped and they do not crack easily. They can hold large
weights without breaking. Iron is used for bridges because it
E
is strong.
Metals are shiny when they are freshly cut or polished.
PL Author needs to provide an

additional reason why gold is
used to make jewellery. 'Because
it's shiny…' is a bit lame.
Tech-Set: no comment within
query log. Please advise
Metals can be bent to shape them. Metals are malleable,

Gold is used for jewellery because it
is shiny.
M
which means they can be hammered into shape.
SA
Iron is malleable.
Metals are ductile, which means that they can be drawn out
into wires.
Copper is ductile.
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Metals make a ringing sound like a bell when they are hit;
the word for this is sonorous.
Cymbals make a ringing sound when hit.
E
Most metals do not melt easily. They have high melting
points and high boiling points. Mercury is the only metal
that is liquid at room temperature.
PL
Metals are good conductors of heat. When you touch
them they conduct heat energy away from the hand so they
A lot of heat is needed to melt metal.
M
feel cold.
SA
Steel conducts heat well, which is useful

for cooking pans.
Some metals are magnetic. Iron, steel, nickel and cobalt

are magnetic.
Some metals are magnetic.
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Metals are good conductors of electricity.

This means that an electric current can
flow through them.
You need to remember that:
• the surface of most metals will become
dull after a while
• big lumps of metal are hard to test
for flexibility
• bottles and cups also make a ‘ringing’
E
sound when they are hit, but they
Copper is used for electrical wiring because it conducts electricity
are not made of metal. well and is flexible.
Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
List ten metals.
Why is copper so useful?

PL
Why are gold and silver used for jewellery?
What do ‘malleable’ and ‘ductile’ mean?

What are Olympic medals made from?
Where are metals found in the Periodic Table?
M
Think like a scientist
Properties of materials
In this task you will investigate metal items such as electrical wire, scissors and a hammer.
1 Describe each item.
SA
2 If you know what it is made from, name the metal. If you don’t know, try to find out.
3 Suggest which property of the metal is important in the function of this item.
4 Make a table of your results like this:
Item Metal Useful property

Electrical wire Copper It conducts electricity. It is ductile.
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Non-metals
Non-metals are often very useful because of the chemical
reactions they have with other substances. There is a lot of
variation between non-metals.
Properties shared by almost

all non-metals Sulfur is added to rubber to make
it hard.
E
Non-metals look dull. They do not reflect light very well and
the surface is not as smooth as metals.
Non-metals that are solids are brittle. If you drop them they
may shatter.
PL
Most non-metals do not conduct heat energy well. This is very
useful because some of them can be used to make handles for
cooking pans, for example.
Most non-metals do not conduct electricity. This is very useful
because some can be used to make coverings for electric plugs
and cables, for example. They are known as insulators; this
means they do not conduct heat or electricity.
Properties shared by many non-metals

Pure oxygen is used in hospitals for
people with breathing difficulties.
M
Non-metals are not as hardwearing as metals.
Many non-metals are gases.
The non-metals that are not gases have low melting points
and low boiling points.
SA
These balloons are filled with helium.
Chlorine is used to kill bacteria. For Carbon is used to purify water and to Silicon is used to make computer chips.
example, it can be dissolved in water treat indigestion.
and then added to swimming pools.
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Questions
7 Name five non-metals, other than sulfur and helium.
8 What is sulfur used for?
9 What property of helium makes it useful in balloons?
10 Where would you find the non-metals in the Periodic Table?
Summary checklist
I can recognise the properties of metals and non-metals.
E
I can identify the useful properties of metals and non-metals for a
particular function.
I can name ten metals and five non-metals.
PL
M
SA
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5.2 Comparing metals and non-metals
5.2 Comparing metals

and non-metals
• compare the properties of metals and non-metals
• investigate materials and decide if they are metals or
E
non-metals.
Getting started Key words
‘brittle’ mean?
PL
What do the terms ‘ductile’, ‘sonorous’, ‘malleable’ and
Draw cartoon diagrams to help you explain their meanings.

contact
distinguish
examine
M
SA
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Comparing metals and non-metals

Metals and non-metals have different properties.
Metals Non-metals
• Most are solid at room temperature. • Many are gases at room temperature.
• They are shiny. • They are dull.
• They do not shatter. • They are brittle.
• They conduct heat energy well. • They do not conduct heat energy well.
E
• They conduct electricity. • Most do not conduct electricity.
• They are malleable.
• They are ductile.
• They are sonorous.
PL
M
SA
Look carefully at this photograph of a market scene. What do you see?
Questions
1 List five objects in the photograph of a market that are made of
metal and five that are made of non-metals.
2 A material is dull, brittle and does not conduct electricity. Is it a
metal or non-metal?
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5.2 Comparing metals and non-metals
3 Mercury is a metal. What unusual property does it have?

4 Write down two things that a metal can do better than a non-metal.

Investigating materials
In this task, you will be given a number of different materials to investigate. You will
examine each material closely and test it so that you can distinguish (identify) which are
metals and which are non-metals.
E
You will need:
a selection of materials to test, electrical wires,
a lamp, a cell (battery), crocodile clips
1
•
•
•
•
•
PL
Ask a number of questions for each of the materials you investigate.
What does the material look like? Is it shiny or dull?
Does it make a ringing sound when you hit it?
Is it brittle?
Can you bend it?
Does it feel hot or cold?
M
cell
• Does it conduct electricity?
2 To test if the material conducts electricity, you
can set up a circuit as shown in the diagram.
Before you start, check that the lamp is
working by connecting the crocodile clips
SA
together with no test materials. When

you carry out the test make sure you have lamp clips
good contact between the crocodile clips
and your test material. Testing a material to see if it conducts electricity.
Question
1 Draw a table for your results. Decide if each material is a metal or and non-metal.
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1 Were any of the materials difficult to place in the

metals or non-metals group? Explain your answer.
2 Which do you think was the most useful test to
distinguish between metals and non-metals?
Activity 5.2.1
Researching metals and non-metals
E
Choose one metal and one non-metal. Use reference books
and the internet to find out about each of them.
Here are some useful questions you could research.
• What is the metal or non-metal used for?
•
•
•
•
•
What are its properties?
Where is it found?
PL
How are these properties useful?
Does the metal or non-metal need to be processed before

it can be used? If so, how is this done?
Are there any other interesting facts about it?
Present your research as reports or posters.
M
Write a paragraph comparing your metal and non-metal.
Useful words and phrases might include ‘whereas’, ‘lighter than’,
‘higher melting point than’, ‘compared with’. Make sure you
actually compare the two and do not just list the two sets of
properties. For example: Metals have shiny surfaces whereas
non-metals have dull surfaces.
SA
Summary checklist
I can distinguish between metals and non-metals.
I can carry out investigations to distinguish between metals and
non-metals.
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5.3 Metal mixtures
5.3 Metal mixtures

• learn about metal mixtures (alloys)
• use particle theory to explain the differences in the properties
of metals and their alloys.
E
Look at the diagrams below. Are they elements, compounds or alloy

mixtures? Give reasons for your answers. bronze
A B
PL C D disrupt
steel
SEE QUERY LOG

This is a repeat of question 2.7 in
Check your progress on page 66.
M
One of them should be replaced.
The item here is a repeat of 2.7 in
Check your progress on page 66,
one of which should be replaced.
Tech-Set: no comment within
query log. Please advise
SA
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Alloys
Metal mixtures are called alloys. Alloys are made by mixing different
metals together and melting them. The atoms of the different metals mix
but do not bond together. The properties of the alloys are different from
the metals they contain.
Bronze is an alloy made by mixing copper and tin. Bronze is harder than
either copper or tin.
E
PL
M
People learnt to melt copper and tin together to make bronze a very long time ago. This
bronze head (left) was made in what is now Iraq, more than 4000 years ago. The statue on
the right was made in Greece, about 2500 years ago
SA
Steel is an alloy, but an unusual one because one of the elements in the
mixture is not a metal. Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon. Pure iron
is not hard enough to be very useful but when it is mixed with other
elements to form steel it is much harder.
Sometimes, chromium and nickel are also added to steel. This type of
steel does not rust and is used for cutlery.
The reasons why the alloys have different properties from the pure metal
is to do with the arrangement of the particles of the elements. In a pure
metal, the atoms are all the same size and arranged in regular rows. The
layers can slide over one another easily. This is what happens when the
metal is hit with a hammer. What do we call this property? This also
happens when the metal is stretched out. What do we call this property?
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5.3 Metal mixtures
force
When a force is applied, layers slide over one another easily in a pure metal.
E
force a different sized atom
disrupts the regular pattern
the atoms cannot slip past one
another easily now.

Modelling a metal and an alloy
You will need:

PL
An alloy. The layers of atoms can’t slide over each other as easily now. They get stuck in place.
This makes the alloy a lot harder and stronger than the original metal.
M
syringe
The apparatus as shown in diagram. diluted washing
up liquid
1 Make rows of small bubbles in the dish, as
shown in the diagram. Push the syringe plunger
in slowly and steadily to make sure the bubbles
Petri dish
SA
are all the same size. The bubbles represent

the atoms in a metal.
2 Fill the dish with bubbles to model the close a bubble raft
packed arrangement of atoms.
A Petri dish containing diluted washing
Questions up liquid.
1 Do the bubbles line up in rows?

2 What happens when a bubble bursts?
3 Can you see how easily the rows of bubbles slide past each other?
Describe what you see.
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Continued
Inject a larger bubble into the middle of the dish. You do this by pushing harder and for
longer. You may have to have several goes to achieve it – it takes a bit of practice.
This is like adding an atom of a different metal. You now have a model of an alloy.
4 Can you see how this disrupts the regular pattern of bubbles? Describe what you see.
How good a model of the particle arrangement in an alloy was
E
this? How well did it help you to understand the idea?
Alloys in everyday life

Coins
PL
The coins in your pockets are made from alloys. Pure metals
are too soft to withstand all the wear they get. The coins that
look silver are not made of silver – it is too soft and far too
expensive. The silver coins are made of alloys containing
copper and nickel. The copper coins contain copper, zinc
and tin. Coins must be hardwearing but also malleable enough
to be stamped with complex patterns.
M
Jewellery
Most gold jewellery is not pure gold; it is an alloy of gold and
copper. Pure gold is soft. If you used pure gold for something
like a wedding ring (that gets a lot of wear and tear) it would
SA
wear away. A wedding ring should be made from something

stronger. Pure gold is 24 carat: that means that 24 parts out of
24 are gold. 18 carat gold has 18 parts out of 24 of pure gold,
and six parts of other metals such as copper, silver or zinc.
Aeroplanes
The metal used to build planes needs to be light but very
strong. Planes are mainly made of aluminium, but pure
aluminium would not be strong enough and the plane’s wings
would fall off because of the great stress put on them during
flight. By adding magnesium and copper, an alloy called
duralumin is formed. Duralumin is about five times stronger
than pure aluminium.
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5.3 Metal mixtures
Artificial joints
The joints in our bodies take a lot of wear and tear. Sometimes, the
joints are attacked by arthritis. This is a very painful and crippling
disease. Now people can be fitted with replacement joints. These are
made of plastic and alloys, often alloys of titanium.
E
PL X-ray of the pelvis showing a hip replacement.
M
Titanium hip joint
Modern alloys SEE QUERY LOG

No information is given about properties
Modern alloys have been developed that have (returning to its original shape when heated), but
some very useful properties. Some glasses f knowledge is needed to answer Q9 on page 159.
SA
rames are made of shape memory alloy. This No information is given about the properties of
alloy is called Nitinol. Nitinol is made of shape memory alloys in the LB text, but question
nickel and titanium. 9 on p159 expects some knowledge of these.
Tech-Set: no comment within query log. Please
advise
Questions
1 What is an alloy?
2 Which properties of aluminium make it
useful for building planes?
3 Why is an alloy of aluminium used for
making planes instead of pure aluminium?
4 Pure gold is 24 carat gold. What does this mean?
5 Explain the difference between the purity of 18 carat gold and 24 carat gold.
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6 Why do we not use pure silver for our coins?

7 Why do we use pure copper for our coins?
8 What properties must an alloy used inside the body have?
9 Why are some glasses frames made from shape memory alloy?
Brass and bronze

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. There are different types of brass,
made by using different amounts of copper and zinc. Sometimes, other
E
elements such as lead, aluminium, manganese or silicon are added.
Look at the table of information about copper, zinc and brass.
Name Copper Zinc Brass
Element or
mixture?
element
PL element mixture
M
Appearance reddish brown soft silvery grey soft metal golden yellow, reddish
metal gold or silver soft alloy
Melting point 1085 °C 419.5 °C 900−1000 °C
Properties very ductile and less ductile and less ductile than
malleable malleable than copper copper; more
SA
malleable than zinc and

copper
conducts heat and conducts heat and conducts heat and
electricity well electricity less well than electricity less well than
copper zinc
resistant to corrosion
Example uses electrical wiring; central to cover iron in a thin musical instruments,
heating pipes layer to prevent it from plumbing
rusting
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5.3 Metal mixtures
Look at the melting points: copper and zinc have just one temperature
listed. However, brass has a range of temperatures. There are
many different types of brass, which are made by using different
amounts of copper and zinc. So, there is no specific melting point for
brass; it depends on the proportions of copper and zinc that have been
used.
Another alloy of copper is bronze. Bronze is an alloy that is made by
mixing copper with tin. Sometimes, other elements such as manganese,
phosphorous, aluminium or silicon are added. Mixing different amounts
of copper and tin makes the different forms of bronze. Each different
E
mixture has its own different melting point.
Name Copper Tin Bronze
Element or
mixture?
Appearance
element
PL
reddish brown soft
metal
element
white metal
mixture
reddish brown not as

bright as brass
M
Melting point 1085 °C 232 °C 860 −1150 °C
Properties very ductile and soft, ductile and less ductile than
malleable malleable copper; hard; brittle
conducts heat and conducts electricity good conductor of
SA
electricity well less well than copper electricity

does not corrode corrosion resistant
readily
Example uses electrical wiring; coating the inside of bronze sculptures;
central heating pipes food cans and in many bells and cymbals; ship
different alloys fittings (especially parts
which are submerged
under water); electrical
connectors
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Questions
10 Why is a range of temperatures given for the melting point
of bronze?
11 Give one property that brass and bronze share.
12 Give one property that copper and zinc share.
13 Give one difference in properties between copper and tin.
Summary checklist
E
I can describe some alloys and their uses.
I can explain that alloys have different properties from the metals
they are made from.
I can explain the differences in the hardness of metals
and their alloys using particle theory.
PL
M
SA
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5.4 Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures
5.4 Using the properties

of materials to separate
mixtures
E
• use what you know about mixtures to separate them
• choose apparatus to carry out a practical task
• carry out practical work in a safe way.
Getting started
2
PL
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
Discuss it with a partner.
How could you separate a mixture of dry rice and peas?
Discuss your ideas with a partner and be prepared to share
them with the class.
Key words
condenser
conical flask
filter funnel
filter paper
M
SA
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Making mixtures
Mixtures contain different substances that are not combined together
chemically. You made a mixture with iron filings and sulfur in topic 2.7.
You separated the iron and sulfur in your mixture by using a magnet.
You used the difference in the properties of iron and sulfur to separate
them. Iron is magnetic; sulfur is not magnetic.
Separating mixtures
E
Copper sulfate and water
The evaporating dish contains a mixture of water and copper sulfate.
If it is left in a warm room, the water evaporates and leaves the copper
sulfate behind in the dish.
Food dye and water
two liquids.
PL
A mixture of food dye and water can be separated by using a piece
of apparatus called a condenser. It is used to separate mixtures of
The water and food dye mixture is heated and boils. The liquid water
reaches the temperature where it changes state and becomes a gas.
Water that is in the gas state is called steam when it has been formed by
The water evaporates and
M
leaves the copper sulfate in
boiling the water. The gas travels along the tube into the condenser. The the evaporating dish.
cold water that is circulating around the outside of the condenser cools the
gas down. This makes the gas condense back into liquid water. The liquid
water collects in the beaker. The food dye remains in the heated container.
The food dye and water have different properties that allow you to
SA
separate them – they have different boiling points.
water out
100 °C the steam cools and
condenses as water
the water in the red solution

evaporates as steam
mixture of water condenser

and red food dye
cold water in
heat
pure water
Separating water from a mixture of food dye and water.
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5.4 Using the properties of materials to separate mixtures
Questions
1 Explain how the water in the flask changes to a gas.
2 Explain how the steam changes back into a liquid in the condenser.
3 Which different properties of the water and the food dye are used
to separate them?

Separating sandy, salty water
E
Your task is to separate a mixture of sandy and salty water.
You will need:

The apparatus shown in the diagrams.
sandy,
salty water
PL
beaker
filter funnel
filter paper
conical flask
clear liquid
safety
glasses
tongs
clear
liquid
evaporating
dish
clay pipe
triangle
tripod
bunsen
burner
M
1 Prepare a filter paper and place it in a filter funnel. Place the funnel in the conical flask.
2 Pour the mixture into the funnel. Take care to add it slowly so that the mixture does not go
down the outside of the filter paper. Do not disturb the wet filter paper because it tears easily.
3 When you have filtered all the mixture, leave the filter paper in a warm place to dry.
SA
4 Place the clear liquid from the conical flask in an evaporating basin. Wear safety
glasses. Heat this gently. When the liquid starts to spit, remove it from the heat.
5 Leave the liquid in a warm place to evaporate.
Questions
1 Suggest why the sand remains in the filter paper.
2 One group of students thought their mixture was taking too long to filter so they used
a pencil to stir it up while it was in the filter paper. Explain why this is not a good idea.
3 What safety precautions should you take when heating the salty water?
4 How could you obtain the water from your mixture?
5 The salt left in the evaporating basin is a little dirty. Suggest what you could do to get
cleaner salt.
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How carefully did you carry out this practical task? How well did
you consider safety? How could you improve the way you carry out
a practical next time you do one?

Separating two solids
If you mix powdered black carbon and table
salt together you have a mixture of two solids.
E
How can you separate the carbon from the salt?
What do you know about the properties of black carbon
carbon powder and table salt that might be
useful here?
PL
Make a plan of how you could do this.
Remember to think about safety.
Make a list of the equipment you would need.
Discuss it in your group.
Share your ideas with the class.
beaker salt
Making a mixture of powdered carbon and table salt.
Did you change any of your ideas when you discussed them with the class?
M
Carry out your plan, once it has been checked for safety.
Questions
1 Which properties of the two solids did you decide to use to help separate them?
2 Write down your final list of the equipment you will need.
3 Write an outline of your final plan. Explain how the steps will enable you to separate
SA
the two solids. Draw diagrams if that helps to make your plan more clear.
4 What safety precautions should you take?
Self-assessment
How successful were you in separating the two solids? How could you improve your results?
Summary checklist
I can identify properties of different substances in a mixture and use
those to separate them.
I can choose appropriate equipment for a practical task.
I can carry out a practical task safely.
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5.5 Acids and alkalis

• learn about the properties of acids and alkalis
• learn how to work safely with acids and alkalis
• find out about hazard symbols.
E
What do you think of when you hear the word ‘acid’? Write acid
down five words that describe what you think an acid is. Share alkalis
PL
these with a partner. Did you both come up with same or similar
words? Be prepared to share them with the class.
corrosive
flammable
harmful
irritate
oxidising
toxic
M
SA
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Acids are everywhere

Many things contain acid. Some foods contain acid. These foods have a
sour, sharp tangy taste. Lemons and limes taste sour. They contain citric
acid. This is a weak acid.
Common acids in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and
nitric acid.
E
PL
Foods containing fruits often contain acids.
M
Some acids are dangerous
Some acids are strong. They are corrosive. The bottles have
a hazard warning label. If strong acid gets onto your skin,
it will dissolve the skin. You will get a chemical burn.
Always use eye protection when using acids.
SA
dilute dilute
Acids can be diluted with water. This makes them Sulfuric Acid
hydrochloric Nitric Acid
less dangerous. Acid
Dilute acids are still harmful, they can irritate your skin and
eyes. The bottles have hazard warning labels.
If you spill acid, wash the area with lots of water. The water
dilutes the acid.
Questions
1 Name a food that contains acid.
2 Describe the taste of lemons and limes.
3 What does corrosive mean?
4 What should you do if you spill acid?
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Alkalis are everywhere

Many cleaning products contain alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, which
is a compound of sodium, hydrogen and oxygen. Sodium hydroxide is a
strong alkali. Strong alkalis are dangerous. They are corrosive.
If strong alkali gets on your skin, it dissolves your skin. Your skin feels
soapy. You get a chemical burn. Alkalis are harmful if you get them in
your eyes. Always wear eye protection when using alkalis.
Alkalis can be diluted with water. This makes them less dangerous.
E
Common alkalis found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide,
potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.
Acids and alkalis are chemical opposites. They cancel each other out
when they are mixed together. The acidity or alkalinity of a substance is
a chemical property of that substance.
PL sodium
hydroxide
M
All these products contain alkalis. Strong sodium hydroxide is corrosive.
SA
Working safely with acids and alkalis

When you handle chemicals you should:
• stand up to work, so that if you spill something it does not spill on
to you
• wear safety glasses, so nothing gets into your eyes
• take the top of the bottle and place it upside down on the work surface,
so that it does not get acid onto the surface or dirt into the acid
• replace the bottle top as soon as you have finished using the bottle.
This prevents spills and reduces the risk of replacing the wrong top
on the wrong bottle.
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Hazard warning labels

Many chemicals are hazardous. Their bottles are clearly labelled with
hazard warning symbols so that you know you must handle them
carefully. Here is a list of the most common hazard symbols and what
they mean.
A substance that
can explode if it
E
Explosive comes into contact
with a flame or
heat.
Flammable
PL A substance that
can catch fire
easily.
M
A substance
that gives off a
large amount
Oxidising
of heat when in
SA
contact with other

substances.
A substance that
can destroy living
Corrosive
tissue. It can cause
burns.
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A substance that
Toxic
can poison you.
E
A substance that
Hazardous to the can kill or damage
environment living things in the
Health hazard
PL environment.
A substance that
can cause harm
such as irritating
M
your skin and eyes.
SA
A substance that
Serious health can cause a serious
hazard problem to your
health.
When you use chemicals in the laboratory, make sure you look at the
hazard symbols and listen to advice on how to use them safely.
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Activity 5.5.1
Learning the hazard warning symbols.
You will need:

• card • scissors
Make three sets of cards:
E
• one set with the hazard warning symbols on them
• one set with the names of the hazards on them
• one set with the details on them.
You must make up a game with these cards to help you
Peer-assessment PL
learn the symbols and their meanings.
Play your game with a partner, and then play their game.
Was your partner’s game useful to help you learn the symbols? How could they improve
their game? How did your game compare?
M
Which methods of learning information like this are the most
helpful to you?
Summary checklist
SA
I can identify the properties of acids and alkalis.

I can explain how to work safely with acids and alkalis.
I can identify and understand the hazard warning symbols.
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Cambridge Science Year 7 LB Lyp Part 3 Compressed

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5.1 Metals and non-metals

Metals are shiny when they are freshly cut or polished.

PL Author needs to provide an

Metals can be bent to shape them. Metals are malleable,

Cymbals make a ringing sound when hit.

Steel conducts heat well, which is useful

Some metals are magnetic. Iron, steel, nickel and cobalt

Some metals are magnetic.

Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Why is copper so useful?

What do ‘malleable’ and ‘ductile’ mean?

Item Metal Useful property

Properties shared by almost

Properties shared by many non-metals

These balloons are filled with helium.

5.2 Comparing metals

Getting started Key words

Draw cartoon diagrams to help you explain their meanings.

Comparing metals and non-metals

Look carefully at this photograph of a market scene. What do you see?

3 Mercury is a metal. What unusual property does it have?

Think like a scientist

together with no test materials. When

1 Were any of the materials difficult to place in the

Does the metal or non-metal need to be processed before

5.3 Metal mixtures

Look at the diagrams below. Are they elements, compounds or alloy

SEE QUERY LOG

Think like a scientist

You will need:

are all the same size. The bubbles represent

1 Do the bubbles line up in rows?

How good a model of the particle arrangement in an alloy was

Alloys in everyday life

wear away. A wedding ring should be made from something

Modern alloys SEE QUERY LOG

6 Why do we not use pure silver for our coins?

Brass and bronze

Name Copper Zinc Brass

malleable than zinc and

Name Copper Tin Bronze

reddish brown not as

electricity well less well than copper electricity

5.4 Using the properties

Food dye and water

separate them – they have different boiling points.

the water in the red solution

mixture of water condenser

Separating water from a mixture of food dye and water.

Think like a scientist

You will need:

Think like a scientist

Making a mixture of powdered carbon and table salt.

5.5 Acids and alkalis

Acids are everywhere

less dangerous. Acid

Alkalis are everywhere

Working safely with acids and alkalis

Hazard warning labels

contact with other

You will need: