RIZAL REVIEWER
“Mi Ultimo Adios” on the eve of his
CHAPTER 11
Last Farewell – allegedly wrote by Rizal with
70 verses in 14 stanzas
Letter of his mother - considered to be the
most important and touching..
Paang Bundok - where Rizal wished to be
buried
February 26, 1953 – the letter of Rizal was
presented through Martin Artajo, minister of
foreign affairs.
Cemetry of Paco - Rizal were biried.
December 30, 1912 – Commission on the
Rizal Monument, created by the virtue of Act
no.243, Rizal’s remains were transferred to
the monument of the Luneta.
January 1897 – Paciano received Rizal’s letter
as he had joined the revolution.
Jose Togores – president of the court, (Braulio
Rodriguez, Ricardo Munoz, Fermin Perez
Rodriquez, Manuel Reguera, Manuel Diaz
Escribano, and Santiago Izqueirdo)
December 28 – Polaveja approved the
recommendation and ordered Rizal to be shot
at seven ‘o clock in the morning.
December 30, 1896 – Rizal’s execution
He faced execustion for speaking out against
Spanissh political and economic domination,
criticizing the Catholic Church, and guilty of
revolution and sedation.
June 20, 1892 - Rizal wrote two beautiful
letters and to be opened after his death; he
left these letters with his friend Dr. Lorenzo
Marques of Macao.
My Last Farewell - written on a small sheet of
note paper, folded lengthwise into a narrow
strip and then doubled and wedged inside the
tank of a little alcohol lamp. He gave the lamp
to his sister, Trinidad.
Mariano Ponce – Rizal’s friend, gave the title
execution.
Andres Bonifacio ask to keep some copy of
Rizal’s poem “Mi Ultimo Adios” so that he
could translate it into Tagalog.
Diego Mojica – a poet and a writer in Tagalog,
at the same time President of the Popular
council Mapagtiis and Local Cavite.
Philippines – Rizal’s Patria Adorada, the Pearl
of the Orient Sea and his lost eden.
CHAPTER 12
Jose S. Arcilla - called Rizal’s fame as “gospel
of Philippine nationalism”
Noli Me Tangere – Latin (Touch me not),
literal meaning in English The Social Cancer
Caingat Cayo – pamphlet issued by the friar
Jose Rodriquez, warning people not to read
Noli.
Kapitan Tiago – a mestizo contractor who
does business with all the government office.
Noli Me Legere – Read me not
La Noba Negra – written by Padre Jose
Burgos, a predecessor of the Noli.
Ninay - another predecessor, written by
Pedro Paterno.
Chrisostomo Ibarra = Rizal
Maria Clara = Leonor Rivera
Tasyo, the Philosopher = Paciano
Fr. Damaso = the cruel Dominican friar who
claimed most of the land in Calmba
Sisa = a victim of unjust system
Governor General = Terrero (Governor
General when Rizal reached Manila)
University of Santo Thomas – examined the
Noli Me Tangere
Padre (Federico) Faura – A Jesuits that turned
against Rizal.
Governor General Emilio Terrero –
interviewed Rizal and told him Noli is a
dangerous book.
Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrade - a
Spaniard who became one of Rizal’s warmest
admirers and friends.
El Filibusterismo – published in 1891, last
chapters was finished in Biarritz while still
courting Nelly Bousted.
- A book about revolution, posting it
clearly as an alternative to reform
efforts that lead nowhere.
October 18, 1891 – Rizal sailed from
Marseilles by a ticket courtesy of Basa, with
him were 600 copies of El Filibusterismo.
Katipunan – A revolutionary society was
founded to further Philippine independence.
Don Mariano Gomez (85 years old) Don Jose
Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto
Zamora (35 years old)
– execited on the scaffold at Bagumbayan on
February 28, 1872, El Fili was dedicated to
this three friars.
Leon Ma. Guerrero suggest that Rizal was the
first Asian nationalist to emerge from the
Philippines.
Rizal’s books were published in Europe, read
in US, debated throughout SEA. It had strong
local sales in Madrid, Spain, and Ghent,
Belgium.
Simoun – the main character in El Fili
Fili suggest that colonialism has a divisive
influence upon the Philippines.
Differences of Noli and El Fili
Noli – friendly to the government, denounce
only certain types of friars and others.
El Fili – has lost faith in Spain.
Graciano Lopez Jaena – best appraisal of the
book among scores of flattering letters.
Los Trabajos Literarios – recovered during
circa 1938 prior to Word War II from the
House of Mariano Ponce, it relates Rizal’s trip
with his experience with th e”Hambog na
Americano”
Ang Dalawang Magkapatid also known as
Cuento Tendencioso Escrito en Tagalo – In
one of the books of Ocampo, the original
researcher who saw the actual manuscript
said the manuscript is too short to tell
whether it is an essay, short story, or a novel.
Un Rumboso Gobernadorcillo – believed to
be the first two pages of the Noli, therefore it
cannot qualify as the third novel.
FIVE TITLES WHICH FOR SOME REASON
CANNOT QUALIFY AS RIZAL’S THIRD NOVEL
Costumbres Filipinas, Los Animales de Suan,
Principios de Una Novela Satirica, Principios
de Una Novela Historica, Memorias de Un
Gallo
CHAPTER 13
Ilustrado – attached to the young men who
came of age in the 1880s and opposed the
repressive policies of the Spanish government
and church.
The Philippines, A Century Hence - Rizal’s
essay cautioned the government of Spain
unless Spain provided a solution for the
accumulated complains, the Filipinos would
one day revolt against Spain.
Chrisostomo Ibarra – main character of Noli
March 31, 1890, Rizal wrote The Philippines
at the Spanish Congress praising the courage
of Francisco Calvo MuÑoz, a deputy in the
Spanish Cortes, who asked the Cortes to give
representation to the Philippines in the
Spanish lawmaking body.
August 29, 1887 – Rizal who had returned
from Europe received aa telegram through the
Provincial Governor of Laguna asking him to
report to the Malacanang Palace.
December 30, 1887 – Governor General
Emilio Terrero probe into the land dispute in
Calamba.
Rizal belived that Filipinos are not yet ready to
battle against Spain, for one, they lacked
arms. For another, he was not too sure about
the motives of those who would join it.
Noli was published in Belgium.
Leon Ma. Guerrero - one of Rizal’s most
prominent biographers argues that Noli
denies the friars even the dignity of their
convictions.
Raul J. Bonoan – argues that Rizal was caught
between faith and reason.
Political Culture – set of ideas, values, and
attitudes about government and the political
process held by a community or nation.
The Indolence of the Filipinos – Rizal’s essay
where he observed that “without education
and liberty, no reform is possible”.
Political Socialization - one of the main
elements of political science. The term can be
defined as the process by which people, at
various stages in their lives, acquire views and
orientations about politics.
La Solidaridad – political newspaper founded
by Rizal.
Political Ideology - a comprehensive and
logically ordered set of beliefs about the
nature of people and about the institutions
and role of government.
Nationalism – the idea of oneness by a group
of people who possess common traditions, a
shared history, a set of goals, and a belief in a
specific culture.
Representative Government – the notion that
the people have an inherent right to sit in the
chamber that determines their future.
Democracy – a government in which all power
is shared by citizens.
Queen Maria Christina – a Spanish cortes who
removed the Filipino representation in the
Spanish cortes in May 1809.
CHAPTER 14
Education – primordial concern of Jose Rizal
The right to education is now enshrined by the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights to
which the Philippines is one of the 48 original
signatories.
The New Society, through the Educational
Development Decree of 1972, gave emphasis
on the education of the masses.
Primary Education – fundamental in the
education of the masses.
Vocational Education
College Education – progressive curriculum
subjects which would provide for physical,
academic, vocational, aesthetic, and moral
development.
At the age of 16, Rizal already wrote a poem
on education entitled “Por La Educacion”.
Pablo S. Trillana III discusses the implications
of Rizal’s concepts of education
Chapter 15
Maria Clara – chaste and faithful, religious
and pious, beautiful
Sisa – an eye-opener for all women young and
old specially for those who forget the essence
of being a mother.
Dona Victorina de los Reyes de Espadana -
mark as a paragon of colonial mentality.
Salome – could be read from the missing
chapters of the Noli, other call it chapter X
entitled “Elias and Salome”
To the Young Women of Malolos – one of the
essays Rizal wrote. It was written in Tagalog,
while he was residing in London, upon the
request of Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
December 12, 1888 – a group of young non-animal sources of power to labor
women of Malolos from a well-off and task.
prominent families petitioned Governor
WHAT INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
General Weyler for the permission to open a
BROUGHT
night school, so that they could study Spanish,
under Teodoro Sandico. 1. Improvement in transportation
2. Creation of machines
Fr. Felipe Garcia – objected and in effect, the
3. Establishment of Factories
Governor General turned down the petition.
4. Migration
They continued and succeeded in obtaining 5. Increase in population
government approval on condition that 6. Stimulation of nationalism
Senorita Guadalupe Reyes should be their 7. Growth of Liberalism
teacher. 8. Victory of Middle Class
9. Birth of laissez-faire
February 17, 1889 – Marcelo H. Del Pilar sent
a letter to Rizal requesting him to write a Imperialism – policy extending a nation’s
letter to these women. control and authority beyond its territorial
boundaries.
February 22, 1889 – he penned the famous
letter. CHAPTER 17

CHAPTER 16 Julia – the first girl who caught young Rizal’s

Austin Coates – suggest that Rizal was
responsible for awakening Asia to the concept
of nationalism.
SIX IMPORTANT CHANGES OF THE CENTURY
DURING RIZAL’S PERIOD.
attention, she was 14 while Rizal was 15.
16 years old Rizal experienced his first love.
Segunda Katigbak – first girl who awakened
his heart, sister of Rizal’s friend, Mariano, and
close friend of Rizal’s sister, Olimpia, in school.

1. The struggle for nationalism
2. The gradual spread of democracy
3. The modernization of living through
the Industrial Revolution
4. The advance of science
5. The march of imperialism
6. The new current in the movement of
thought and growing confidence in
progress.
Nationalism – idea of oneness by a group
of people who possess common
traditions, shared history, a set of goals,
and belief in specific future.
Democracy comes from Greek word
demos, which means people, a
government in which all the power is
shared by citizens.
1876 – when Rizal first laid his eyes on
Segunda
La Concordia College – a school for girls
where Rizal used to weekly visits during his
student days.
Noli was finished in Berlin on February 22,
1887.
October 1885 – January 1886 – Rizal studied
in Paris.
Arricourt – Rizal noticed that the railroad
employees were all military men as he said in
his letter to his family.
Heidelberg, Germany – Rizal had a special
training under Dr. Otto Becker, an eminent
German ophthalmologist.

Industrial Revolution – a scientific

revolution, focused on the application of
Ferdinand Blumentritt – born in Prague on
September 10, 1853, he studied History at
Prague University.
August 6, 1886 – Rizal wrote in his diary while
staying in Heidenberg for 3 months.
University of Leipzig - where Rizal transferred
and study psychology and history.
Professor Friedrich Ratzel – one of the
historians who helped change the methods of
historical research.
University of Heidelberg- where Rizal
contemplated to enroll as a student of law.
Dr. Feodor Jaguar – wrote the Travels in the
Philippines became Rizal’s warm friend.
Berlin Anthropologist Society – Dr. Rudolf
Virchow and Dr. Wilhelm organization where
they made Rizal as a member; Dr. Virchow was
the president.
Calsado – in his article “Women in the Heart
of a Hero” describes that both of these
romances ended in failure.
Miss K – what Rizal called Segunda in his
memoirs.
Manuel Luz – whom Segunda was engaged.
Lilet – grand-granddaughter of Segunda
Danny Yson – reveals that Ruzal had indirectly
proposed marriage to Segunda.
December 1877, La Concordia – when and
where Segunda was waiting for Rizal to
propose to her.
Austin Coates – said Rizal’s apct with elder
brother Paciano had prevented him from
pursuing his first love.
Brigido Morada – friend of Rizal who went
before Segunda got married.
Luchie Resurrection – former president of
Lipa Cultural Society.
Leonor Rivera - cousin of Rizal from
Camuiling, daughter of Antonio Rivera, Rizal’s
“little lady” according to Orang
Leonor Valenzuela – nicknamed Orang
Tia Betang – intervened to Rizal and Leonor
Riveraa’s relationship.
Henry Kipping - Englishman whom Leonor
had love affair
Nelly Bousted - whom Rizal almost married,
youngest of the two daughters of Bousteds.
Antonio Luna - madly inlove with Nelly
Bousted.
Getrude Beckett – blue-booded
Englishwoman who was the oldest daughter
of a London church organist.
Regidor – friend of Rizal whom he confided
about hhis worry to Beckett
Josephine Bracken - whom Rizal met in 1895
in Dapitan, Rizal hoped to marry, a child of a
British soldier and Chinese woman.
Consuelo Ortia Y Perez – daughter of a
lliberal-minded Spanish official who once
served in Manila during the Spanish era.
O Sei San - daughter of a Japanese nobleman
who had a brief affair with Rizal.
Suzannee Jacoby – Belgian woman whom
Rizal met when he staeed with the Jacobys for
a certain time.
Valentine Ventura - whom Rizal sent a clay
figurine
George Taufer – blind man from Hong Kong,
worked in the Mechanical Department of the
Hong Kong Fire Insurance Company.
Manuela Orlac – mistress of one of the
leading Spanish friars, sent to spy on Rizal.
Sarah - Taufer’s daughter with a Chinese
boat-girl
March 14, 1895 – when Rizal wrote a letter to
his family introducing Josephine Bracken
China Mail - Hong Kong newspaper which
carried an interview entitled “The Widow of
Rizal.
Vicente Abad - Filipino whom Josephine
Bracken married in Hong Kong in 1898.
Tuberculosis - cause of death of Josephine
Bracken in 1902.
CHAPTER 18
Adolf Hitler was born on April 20,1889, in a
little village of Braunau, near the German-
Austrian border.
Klara Polzi – Hitler’s mother, she was once a
maid in Vienna.
LIinz in Austria – considered by Hitler as his
own hometown
Gustav – Hitler’s oldest brother
Ida – Hitler’s sister
May 17, 1885 – Gustav’s birthday
1886 – when Ida was born
August 9, 1886 – Rizal left for Leipzig, visiting
various German cities along the way.
October 1886 – Rizal went to Dresden and
then to Berlin
May 11, 1887 – Rizal began his grand tour of
Europe.
Diamond stickpin – Rizal lost this while on
tour in Europe.
Maximo Viola – Rizal’s travelling companion,
he stated that Rizal spent a night with an
unknown Austrian woman.
Mao Zedeng – allegedly son of Rizal; a
Chinese communist revolutionary who
became the founding father of the People’s
Republic China.
1893 in Hunan Province – where Mao Zedeng
was born.
Master Race - Hitler wanted to propagated
into.
Ambeth Ocampo – explained that Hitler is an
Austrian, not a German.
Lorenzo Alonzo de Alberto – Rizal’s
grandfather
Paula Florentino – legitimate of Lorenzo
Brijida Quintos – another woman of Lorenzo,
their relationship is not honored by law.
Jose Maria Alonso de Alberto – disowned his
real mother
Barbara Gonzalez – descendant of Rizal that
said that Jose Maria Alonso de Alberto had an
affair with his niece Saturnina, sister of Rizal.
Soledad – fruit of the allegedly affair of Jose
Maria and Saturnina
Teodoro Formoso – Jose Maria Alonzo de
Alberto’s wife.
Chapter 19
There are four versions of the alleged
retraction letter.
First text was published in La Voz Espanola
and Diario De Manila on December 30, 1896.
Second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, on
February 14, 1897 in magazine La Javentud. It
came from an anonymous writer who was
revealed 14 years later as Fr. Balaguer.
Third text was discovered in the archdiocesan
archives on May 18, 1935 after it disappeared
for 39 years from the afternoon Rizal was
shot.
The fourt text appeaed in El Imparcial on the
day after Rizal’s execution.
Fr. Manuel Garcia – discovered the
archdiocesan of Rizal retraction.
3 EYEWITNESSEES
Fr. Balaguer – wrote a detailed story.
Fr. Viza – stated that Rizal signed the
documents in his presence.
Catain Rafael Dominguez - allegedly was with
Rizal during the entire period of Rizal’s
confinement.
Fr. Pio Pi, SJ – superior of the Jesuits in the
Philippines at the time.
April 7, 1917 – when the testimony of Fr. Pio
was notarized.
11:30 at night
April 23, 1917 – Silvino Lopez Tunon’s
testimony that was being notarized.
Fr. Bernandino Nozaleda – archbishop of
Manila
May 28, 1917 – Archbishop Nozaleda’s
declaration was made notarized.
Gapar Castano – fiscal of the Real Audiencia
April 25, 1917 – Gaspar Castano’s testimony
was also notarized.
April 27, 1917 – Fr.Rosell’s testimony was also
notarized.
Luis Taviel de Andrada - defense lawyer of
Rizal, who accompanied the latter on his way
from Fort Santiago.
May 2, 1917 – Andrada’s statement was
notarized.
Tomas Feijoo – secretary of Archbishop
Nozaledaa
May 1, 1917 - when Tomas Feijoo statement
was notarized.
Baron Fernandez – a Spanish orphan who
worked for almost half a century in two
historical secret archives in Madrid and
Segovia. He found 34 documents.
Manuel Morato – expose that the friars
forged retraction letter.
CHAPTER 20
Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi (IWL) – a Rizalist sect
that traces its origin in 1914 at the island of
Masbate, formally established in 1936 at the
“Golden Island”, or Pulong Ginto or Lecheria
in Calamba.
Leche – Spanish term for milk, thus Lecheria is
gatasan.
Gaudioso Parabuac – first president
Tomasa Banay-Banay – acclaimed as the
mother of group.
Rizalist – a person who believes in the ideals
of Jose Rizal and live with these ideals.
IWL was founded by Gaudisio Parabuac on
December 25, 1936 at the Hill of Lecheria,
Calamba Laguna.
Colonel Antonio Torres – Chief of the Police
Manila, organized a group of men from
different walks of life for the purpose of
commemorating the execution and
martyrdom of Jose Rizal.
Orden de Caballeros de Rizal (Order of the
Knights of Rizal) – on November 16, 1916
organized a private nonstock corporation
R.A 646- seeking to give the Order of the
Knights a legislative charter. It was approved
on May 15,1951 and signed into law by the
President on June 14, 1951.
CHAPTER 21
General William Howard Taft – in 1901
suggested to the Philippine Commission that
the Filipinos be a given a national hero.
Andres Bonifacio – leader of the Philippine
revolution of 1896. He became martyr when
he was executed by fellow patriot Emilio
Aguinaldo.
Adrian E. Cristobal – commented that Emilio
Aguinaldo is an important figure in the
Revolution. He also argued that Bonifacio
found it difficult to cooperate with other
revolutionists.
March 22, 1887 – The Tejeros assembly
convened and selected Aguinaldo as the
leader of the Philippine Revolution.
Emilio Jacinto – revolutionary theoretician.
Gregorio Zaide – one of the Philippines
leading historians, produced series of
monographs and a study of the Katipunan
which lionized Bonifacio’s contributions.
Kalayaan – revolutionary newspaper
May 10, 1897 – Bonifacio was executed by
Aguinaldo due to a petty political rift.
Renato Constantino - wrote a well-received
popular histort of the Phillipines, which
described Bonifacio as a humble man of high
principles who was overthrown by elitist
Filipinos led by Aguinaldo.
Governor General Camilo de Polavieja -
prime mover in the movement to eliminate
Bonifacio’s influence.
June 12, 1898 - Aguinaldo declared an
independent Republic of the Philippines.
E. Spencer Pratt – described Aguinaldo as “a
man of intelligence, ability, and courage.”
Peace by Money included the surrender or
the rebel arms, Aguinaldo’s exile, and
payment of 400, 000 pesos.
February 14, 1898 – Aguinaldo denounced the
agreement with Spain and prepared to return
in the Philippines.
From Morong Province to Rizal.
1879, Rizal’s famous poem “To the Filipino
Youth” began the modern link to the
Philippine Nationalism.
CHAPTER 22
The Philippines, A Century Hence – an essay
that Rizal wrote in La Solidaridad where he
suggested that the future of the Philippines
was dictated by the past.
Renato Constantino – blames Filipinos for
succumbing to American rule and allowing
Jose Rizal to be manipulated as a national
hero.
Paciano Rizal – general of the Philippine
Revolution who struggled and sacrificed for
both family and country.
March 7, 1851 – Paciano was born in
Calamba, Laguna, the second of the 11
children of Don Francisco Mercado and Dona
Teodora Alonso.
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – he was
under the mentorship when he was in town of
Binan.
Colegio de San Jose – where Paciano pursued
his higher education.
Fr.Jose Burgos – where he stayed in Manila
Emiliana – daughter of Paciano, mother of
Antonio Lopez. He was not married but hada
relationship with “Binay”, mother of Emiliana.
Emiliana married her first cousin, Antonio
Lopez, Narcisa Rizal’s son.
May 26, 1882 – he stated in his letter he was
trying his best to help the Filipinos.
Paciano was exiled in Mindoro from
Septembeer 1890 until November 1891.
Shortly after, he was exiled again in Jolo.
Pedro Paterno – volunteered to serve as a
negotiator and succeeded in arranging a
peace pact.
He died in 1930.
December 1896 – Paciano was arrested aand
subjected to severe torture.
April 30, 1930 – Paciano died of tuberculosis.
He was buried in Cementerio del Norte in
Manila. His bones was transferred in Los
Banos in 1935.
Ninoy Aquino – At 22, he became the
youngest municipal mayor; at 27, he became
the youngest vice-governor. At age 29, he
became governor of Tarlc and youngest
elected senator during his time at age 34.
September 21, 1972 – the declaration of
Martial Law
August 21, 1938 - Ninoy went back to the
Philippines.
Colonel Bonifacio Gallego was among the first
of political foes to debunk Ferdinand Marcos
World War II heroism.
Pardo de Tavera - stated that Rizal constant
desire to know the truth is his most notable
characteristic.
Dr. Baldomero Roxas – says that Rizal’s friends
depend upon his word.
Pedro Roxas – pleaded Rizal to step off the
boat at Singapore to save his life.
Rizal – honorary president of Katipunan

March 17, 1945 – Marcos single-handedly

held at bay an attacking enemy.

March 25, 1945 – Marcos, as a head of 14th

Infantry’s combat and engineering companies,
repelled a Japanese attacks

April 1945 – Marcos spotted an enemy forces

in a well-camouflaged trucks.

Colonel Romulo A. Manriquez - said that

Marcos has never was assigned in any combat
mission.

Rivera – stated that Marcos never participated

in the Battle of Hapid,

Chapter 23

Through Education Our Motherland Receives

light – Rizal wrote poem when he was 15 yrs
old with aid of anonymous professor.

Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt – regarded Rizal as

his own son.

Dr. Rudolph Virchow - became Rizal’s

intimate friend.

Professor Fredrich Ratzel – another intiname

friend of Rizal, a great historian

Reinhold Rost - most famous philologist of

the 19th century found Rizal n apt student and
delightful friend.

Rizal studied jujitsu

He was five fee four inches.

Tomas Arejola – stated that Rizal obeyed his

schedules.