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Applications
Determine, to two significant figures, the velocity of escape for earth of the celestials
−3 mile
bodies listed below. The data are rough and g may be taken to be 6.1 ×10 2
sec
Given:
Acceleration of Radius
Gravity at the (miles)
Surface
Venus 0.85 g 3 800
Mars 0.38 g 2 100
Jupiter 2.60 g 43 000
Sun 28 g 432 000
Ganymede 0.12 g 1 780
Solution:
For Venus,
V e =√ 2 gR
For Mars,
V e =√ 2 gR
For Jupiter,
V e =√ 2 gR
For Sun,
V e =√ 2 gR
V e =√ 2 gR
2. The radius of the moon is roughly 1080 miles. The acceleration of gravity at the
surface of the moon is about 0.165 g , where g is the acceleration of gravity at the
surface of the earth. Determine the velocity of escape for the moon.
Given:
gm=0.165 g
−3 mile
¿ 0.165(6.09× 10 2
)
sec
−3 mile
gm=1.00485 ×10 2
sec
Rm=1080 miles
Required: V e
Solution:
V e =√ 2(1.00485 ×10−3)(1080)
Radius R=7149 Km
Solution:
Vesc=√ 2 GM / R
¿ √ 2 x 6.67408 ×10−¹¹ x 1.898×/7149
km
∴ 50.3 answer
s
4. Determine the escape velocity of the moon if Mass is 7.35 ×1022 Kg and the radius
is 1.5 ×10⁶ m.
Given:
M =7.35 ×1022 Kg ,
R=1.5× 106 m
Solution:
Escape Velocity formulais givenby
Vesc=√ 2 GMR
−11
¿ √ 2× 6.673 ×10 × 7.35× 1022/1.5× 10⁶
( )
5
10 m
∴ 7.59 answer
s
t u ua
0 75 ℉ 20 ℉
4 30 ℉ 20 ℉
7 ? 20 ℉
? 20.5 ℉ 20 ℉
Solution:
−kt
u=ua +c e
−kt
u=20+c e
@t=0 ,u=75 ℉
−k(0)
75=20+c e
∴ c=55
@t=4 , u=30℉
−k(4 )
30=20+55 e
4 30−20
(e ¿¿−k ) = ¿
55
−kt
u=20+55 c e
Therefore ,
( )
t
10 4
u=20+55
55
( )
t
10 4
u=20+55
55
∴ u=22.78 ℉ ≈ 23℉ answer
(b) @u=20.5 ℉ ,t=?
( )
t
10 4
20.5=20+55
55
( )
t
10 4 20.5−20
=
55 55
ln ( ) =ln
t
10 0.5
4
55 55
0.5
ln
t 55
=¿
4 10
ln
55
4 ln 0.5/55
t=
ln 10 /55
∴ t=11.03min ≈ 11.5min answer
t u ua
0 18 ℉ 70 ℉
1 31 ℉ 70 ℉
Required:
a) uas a f ( t )
b) when t=5 , u?
Solution:
From General Equation:
−kt
u=ua +c e
−kt
u=70+c e
@t=0 ,u=18 ℉
−kt
18=70+c e
∴ c=−52
Therefore,
−kt
u=70+(−52)e
@t=1 , u=31 ℉
−k(1)
31=70−52 e
31−70
∴ e−k =
−52
−k 39
e =
52
Therefore,
( )
t
39
u=70+(−52)
52
or,
( )
t
−k 39
ln e =ln
52
∴ k=0.29
Substitute,
@t=5 , u=?
− ( 0.29 ) (5)
u=70−52 e
∴ u=57.66 ℉ ≈ 58℉ answer
7. At 1:00 P.M. a thermometer reading 70 ℉ is taken outside where the air temperature
is −10 ℉ (10 below zero). At 1:02 P.M., the reading is 26 ℉ . At 1:05 P.M. , the
thermometer is taken back indoors where the air temperature is 70 ℉ . What is the
thermometer reading at 1:09 P.M.?
Given:
Outside:
t u ua
1:00 P.M. 0 70 ℉ −10 ℉
1:02 P.M. 2 26 ℉ −10 ℉
1:05 P.M. 5 ? −10 ℉
Inside
t u ua
1:05 P.M. 0 ? 70 ℉
1:09 P.M. 4 ? 70 ℉
Solution:
For outside:
−kt
u=ua +c e
−kt
u=−10+c e
@t=0 ,u=70 ℉
−kt
70=−10+c e
∴ c=80
And so,
−kt
u=−10+80 e
@t=2 , u=26 ℉
−k (2 )
26=−10+80 e
−k (2 ) 36
e =
80
( )
t
−k 36
e = 2
80
Therefore,
( )
t
36 2
u=−10+80
80
@t=5 , u=?
( )
5
36 2
u=−10+80
80
∴ u=0.8673 ℉ answer
For Inside:
−kt
u=ua +c e
−kt
u=70+c e
For the same temperature,
( )
t
−k 36
e = 2
80
Then,
( )
t
36 2
u=70+c
80
( )
t
36 2
0.8673=70+
80
∴ c=−69.132
Therefore,
u=70+¿
@t=4 , u=? (1:09 P.M.)
( )
4
36
u=70−69.132 ¿ 2
80
∴ u=56.00 ℉ answer
t u ua
9:00 A.M. 0 70 ℉ 15 ℉
9:05 A.M. 5 45 ℉ 15 ℉
9:10 A.M. 10 ? 15 ℉
t u ua
9:00 A.M. 0 u10 15 ℉
9:20 A.M. 10 ? 70 ℉
Solution:
Outdoors:
−kt
u=−10+c e
@t=0 ,u=70 ℉
−k (0)
70 ℉=−10+ c e
c=55
@t=5 , u=45 ℉
−k (5 )
45=15+55 e
( )
1
−k (5 ) 30
e = 5
55
Then,
( )
t
30 5
u=15+55
55
@t=10 , u=?
( )
10
30 5
u=15+55
55
∴ u10=31. 36℉
Indoors,
−kt
u=70+c e
For the same temperature,
( )
1
−k 30
e = 5
55
Then,
( )
1
30 5
u=70+c
55
@t=10 , u10=31. 36 ℉ (9:10 A.M.)
( )
0
30 5
31. 36=70+ c
55
∴ c=−38.63
Then,
( )
t
30 5
u=70−38.63
55
@t=10 , u=?(9:20 A.M.)
( )
10
30 5
u=70−38.63
55
∴ u=58.50 ℉ ≈ 58℉ answer
@t=1
k (1 )
14=18+(−8)e
k =−0.69315
@t=? , T =16 ℃
−0.69315 (t )
16=18−8 e
∴ t=2minutes answer
@t=2
k(2)
190=38+462 e
k =−0.55581
@t=4
−0.55581(4 )
T =38+ 462 e
T =80.0009 ℃
@t=?
−0.55581 (t)
80.0009=38+462 e
∴ t=3.61332minutes answer