Diversity in living organisms

 Biodiversity: Biodiversity is diversity of

different life forms that occurs on the Earth.

 Regions of Mega-Diversity : The warm

& humid , tropical regions of the Earth , between tropic
of cancer & tropic of capricorn are rich in diversity of
plant & animal life are called Regions of Mega-
Diversity.

 Give three examples of range of variations that you

see in the life forms around you.
1. Size
2. Colour
3. Life span

1. Which are the largest known living organisms on the

Earth.
: Blue whale (30m) & Red wood trees (100m)

2. Name the tree which lives for thousand years.

: Pine Tree

 Classification

 Define: The scientific method of diving organisms

into smaller or larger groups by taking into consideration
there similarities & dissimilarities & diversities at
various level there organization is known as
Classification.

 Advantages
1. The study & identification of organisms becomes
simple & easy.
2. In form about the living organisms at glands &
interrelationships between different groups of
organisms can be known.
3. Provide idea about evolution.
4. Provide information for development of :
A. Biological Science
B. Applied Biological Fields

 Need
 There are innumerable of organisms exists on the surface of
globe. It is impossible to study them individually. Hence for
study & identification, taking into account, the base of these
various structural levels, it is necessary to divide them into
systematic groups.

 Nomenclature

 Define: The system of scientific naming is called

Nomenclature. This system was introduced by Carolus
Lennaeus in eighteenth century.

 Need
 Different people speak different language. The name gives to
every organisms may be different in different languages. But
scientific names given to any organisms will same in all
international languages.

 Each name is unique & is known to entire scientific community

across the world.

 Rules
1. The genus name begins with capital letter.
2. The species name begins with small letter.
3. When printed, the scientific name is given in italics.
4. In a hand-written form, the genus & species is always underlined
separately.

 History Classification

1. Carolus Lennaeus (1758) : 2

Kingdom Classification -
Plantae - Animalia

2. Ernst Haeckel (1894) : 3

Kingdom Classification - Protista - Plantae
- Animalia

3. Robert Whittaker (1959) : 5

Kingdom Classification -
Monera
 - Fungi
- Protista
- Plantae
- Animalia

4. Carl Woese (1977) : Divided

Kingdom Monera into 2 Sub-Kingdoms
- Archaebacteria - Eubacteria