REDOX REACTION

What is OXIDATION ??
2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2 MgO (s)

• Oxidation is Addition of oxygen

CH4 (g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (l)

• Oxidation is removal of hydrogen
• Oxidation is addition of Electronegative elements
Mg (s) + F2 (g) → MgF2(s)
Mg (s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s)
Mg (s) + S (s) → MgS (s)
• Oxidation is removal of electropositive elements
2K4[Fe(CN)6](aq) + H 2O2(aq) →2K3[Fe(CN)6 ](aq) + 2 KOH (aq)
Oxidation Reduction

Addition of oxygen /Electronegative elements Removal of Oxygen/electronegative elements

Removal of Hydrogen/electropositive elements Addition of Hydrogen/electropositive elements

OIL RIG
What is redox reaction ?
• Chemical Reaction :
• Redox = reduction + oxidation
• Definition of Redox reaction : A reaction in which oxidation and
reduction occurs simultaneously
Eg : 3Fe 3O 4(s) + 8 Al (s) → 9 Fe (s) + 4Al 2O3(s)
Electronic concept
• Ionic compound : eg-NaCl

2Na + Cl2 2Na+ Cl-

OIL : Oxidation is loss of electron

RIG : reduction is gain of electron

• Covalent compounds: eg : Water (H2O)

Electronegativity
• It is the tendency of an atom to attract shared pair of electron
• Oxygen is an EN element

Water molecule :
Electronegativity sequence

F > O > N = Cl > Br > I > S > C > H

.Flaming Oxygen Nice Clear Bright I Suspect Canned Hydrogen

Oxidation Number /oxidation state
How to calculate ?
• Assumption : Electron pair in a covalent bond belongs entirely to
more electronegative element
• Two ways to cal O.N
1. Using structures :
2.Using formula
1.Calculating O.N through Structures
1. HCl
2. SO2
3. H2 S
4. Cl2
5. CO2
6. CCl4
• CrO5
2.To cal O.N using formula
• Rules:
1. In elemental state O.S = 0 (eg: Cl2,O2 ,Br2,S8 , P4)
2. O.S of alkali metals is +1 (Li,Na,k)
3.O.S of alkaline earth metals is +2(Be,Mg,Ca)
4. Aluminium is regarded to have an oxidation number of +3 in all its
compounds.
5.O.N of hydrogen is +1 but in hydrides( eg.LiH , NaH, CaH2) O.N of hydrogen is -1
6.O.S of Halogens is generally -1 (in halide form) (when halogen combines with oxygethen it shows
positive O.N)
7.O.S of Oxygen is mostly -2 but in sometimes it shows -1, +1 , +2 and - 1/2 o.s

Sum of O.S of all atoms in a species (atom/ion/compound) = total charge on species

• Generally asked to cal O.S of those elements which show variable O.S
Eg : Nitrogen ( -3 to +5) , Sulphur ( -2 to +6) , Cl (-1 to +7) , Fe and
Manganese
O.S of oxygen in various compounds
• Peroxide : Peroxides are those which have peroxy linkage like H2O2
• Superoxides: An oxide containing O2- eg: KO2
• OF2
• O2F2
Oxidising and Reducing agent
• Oxidising agent : are those which itself gets reduced (Increases O.N)
(Acceptor of electron)
• Reducing agent: are those which itself gets oxidised (lowers O.N)
(Donor of electrons)
• 3Fe 3O 4(s) + 8 Al (s) → 9 Fe (s) + 4Al 2O3(s)
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 2H 2SO4(aq) → 2PbSO4(s) + 2H2 O(l)
Types Of Redox Reaction
• 1. Combination Reaction:
A combination reaction may be denoted in the
manner:
A+B→C
Either A and B or both A and B must be in the
elemental form for such a reaction to be a redox
reaction.
• 2.Decomposition Reaction:
A decomposition reaction leads to the breakdown of a compound into
two or more components at least one of which must be in the
elemental state
• 3. Displacement Reaction
A displacement reaction, an ion (or an atom) in a compound is replaced
by an ion (or an atom) of another element. It may be denoted
as: X + YZ → XZ + Y
• 3 (a) Metal displacement reaction: A metal in a compound can be
displaced by another metal in the uncombined state
Electrochemical series

•2
• 3(b) Non-metal displacement: The non-metal displacement redox
reactions include hydrogen displacement and a rarely occurring
reaction involving oxygen displacement
• 4.Disproportionation Reaction:
• In a disproportionation reaction an element in one oxidation state is
simultaneously oxidised and reduced.
• One of the reacting substances in a disproportionation reaction
always contains an element that can exist in at least three oxidation
states.
• The element in the form of reacting substance is in the intermediate
oxidation state; and both higher and lower oxidation states of that
element are formed in the reaction