LESSON PLAN ON

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

PREPARED BY
JINCY JOHNY
ASSISTANT LECTURER
Name of the teacher: Venue:
Subject: Number of students:
Unit: Duration:
Topic: Time:
Group: Date:
Method of Teaching:
AV Aids:

Central objectives:
At the end of the class the students will acquire in depth knowledge regarding the Emergency Life Support and apply this knowledge in
future Patient care practices with a positive attitude.

Specific Objectives:
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Specific Time Content Teacher’s AV Evaluation
Objective learner’s Aids
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Introduction
Basic cardiopulmonary life support (BCLS) refers to the care healthcare providers
and public safety professionals provide to patients who are experiencing
cardiopulmonary arrest or airway obstruction. The early high-quality CPR,
defibrillation and transfer to health care facility increase the outcome. BCLS includes
psychomotor skills to performing high quality CPR, using an automated external
defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed airway for patient of all ages.
Definition
Basic cardiopulmonary life support (BCLS) refers to an algorithmic structured plan
of emergency procedure for oxygenating the brain, heart and lung until the arrival of
appropriate medical treatment to restore the normal cardiopulmonary function.
Indications
 Cardiac arrest
 Respiratory Arrest
 Drowning
 Choking
Steps of BCLS
SAFETY

o Make sure that you, the victim and any bystanders are safe
RESPONSE
 o Check for a response
o Shake the victim gently by the shoulders and ask loudly: “Are you all right?"
AIRWAY

o Open the airway

o If there is no response, position the victim on their back
o With your hand on the forehead and your fingertips under the point of the
chin, gently tilt the victim’s head backwards, lifting the chin to open the
airway
BREATHING

o Look, listen and feel for breathing

o Look, listen and feel for breathing for no more than 10 seconds
o A victim who is barely breathing, or taking infrequent, slow and noisy gasps,
is not breathing normally
 ABSENT OR ABNORMAL BREATHING
 Alert emergency services
 If breathing is absent or abnormal, ask a helper to call the
emergency services or call them yourself
 
Stay with the victim if possible

Activate the speaker function or hands-free option on the
telephone so that you can start CPR whilst talking to the
dispatcher
 SEND FOR AED

 Send someone to find and bring back an AED if available

 If you are on your own, DO NOT leave the victim, but start
CPR
CIRCULATION

o Start chest compressions

o Kneel by the side of the victim
o Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim’s chest - this is the lower
half of the victim’s breastbone (sternum)
o Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your
 fingers
o Keep your arms straight
o Position yourself vertically above the victim’s chest and press down on the
sternum at least 5 cm (but not more than 6 cm)
o After each compression, release all the pressure on the chest without losing
contact between your hands and the sternum
o Repeat at a rate of 100-120 min-1

COMBINE RESCUE BREATHING WITH CHEST COMPRESSIONS

o If you are trained to do so, after 30 compressions, open the airway again,
using head tilt and chin lift
o Pinch the soft part of the nose closed, using the index finger and thumb of
your hand on the forehead
o Allow the victim’s mouth to open, but maintain chin lift
o Take a normal breath and place your lips around the victim’s mouth, making
sure that you have an airtight seal
o Blow steadily into the mouth whilst watching for the chest to rise, taking
about 1 second as in normal breathing. This is an effective rescue breath
o Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth away from the victim and
watch for the chest to fall as air comes out
o Take another normal breath and blow into the victim’s mouth once more to
 achieve a total of two rescue breaths
o Do not interrupt compressions by more than 10 seconds to deliver the two
breaths even if one or both are not effective
o Then return your hands without delay to the correct position on the sternum
and give a further 30 chest compressions
o Continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2
COMPRESSION-ONLY CPR

o If you are untrained, or unable to give rescue breathes, give chest-

compression-only CPR (continuous compressions at a rate of 100-120 min-1)

WHEN AED ARRIVES

o Switch on the AED and attach the electrode pads

o As soon as the AED arrives switch it on and attach the electrode pads to the
victim’s bare chest
o If more than one rescuer is present, CPR should be continued whilst the
electrode pads are being attached to the chest
FOLLOW THE SPOKEN/ VISUAL DIRECTIONS

o Follow the spoken and visual directions given by the AED

o If a shock is advised, ensure that neither you nor anyone else is touching the
victim
o Push the shock button as directed
o Then immediately resume CPR and continue as directed by the AED
IF NO SHOCK IS ADVISED
o Continue CPR

o If no shock is advised, immediately resume CPR and continue as directed by

the AED
IF NO AED IS AVAILABLE
o Continue CPR
 o If no AED is available, OR whilst waiting for one to arrive, continue CPR
o Do not interrupt resuscitation until:
 A health professional tells you to stop OR
 The victim is definitely waking up, moving, opening eyes, and
breathing normally
 OR
 You become exhausted
o It is rare for CPR alone to restart the heart. Unless you are certain that the
victim has recovered continue CPR
o Signs that the victim has recovered
 Waking-up
 Moving
 Opening eyes
 Breathing normally
IF UNRESPONSIVE BUT BREATHING NORMALLY
o Place in the Recovery Position

o If you are certain that the victim is breathing normally but still unresponsive,
place them in the recovery position SEE FIRST AID SECTION
o Be prepared to restart CPR immediately if the victim becomes unresponsive,
with absent or abnormal breathing.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF BASIC CARDIOPULMONARY LIFE
SUPPORT (BCLS) CONDUCT
The high-quality BCLS, and not just following the steps of BCLS, is paramount
to ensure optimal outcome after a cardiorespiratory arrest. The emphasis on
continued quality check is essential.
The various aspects enhancing the outcome include:
 High-quality chest compressions
 Chest compressions speed, rate and recoil: Ensure a chest
compression speed of 120 compressions/minute to a depth of 5–6 cm.
Allow complete chest recoil between compression without lifting
hand from the chest (do not lean on the victim's chest).
 Avoid unnecessary interruption of chest compressions.
 Optimal ventilation and airway management:
 Do not interrupt chest compression to secure the airway, apply ECG
electrodes or defibrillator pads/paddles
 Do not hyperventilate
 End point for ventilation is visible chest rise; deliver normal tidal
volume breaths.
CONCLUSION
The management of victims of cardiopulmonary arrest outside the hospital
requires early recognition along with early high-quality resuscitation, including AED
and early transfer to the nearest medical facility for definitive management.
Following the core links in adult resuscitation would improve the overall outcome.
Early intervention, high-quality chest compression and early defibrillation are
emphasised for an optimal outcome in victims of cardiopulmonary arrest outside the
hospital. Considering the limitations of the available medical emergency facilities, a
major part of our country, the development of this indigenous BCLS algorithm
should strengthen the training of medical and paramedical personnel involved in
resuscitation outside the hospital.