Starter

Grammar reference

be: affirmative and negative Possessive ’s and s’

Affirmative Negative • apostrophe + s (’s) after a noun indicates possession
my brother’s pencil
I’m (am) from Mexico. I’m not (am not) from Brazil.
You’re (are) French. You aren’t (are not) Chinese. • we use ’s after singular nouns or plural nouns not
ending in -s
He/She/It’s (is) 15. He/She/It isn’t (is not) 14.
We/You/They’re (are) We/You/They aren’t (are not)
my uncle’s house the children’s books
at school. in the classroom. • we use an apostrophe (’) after plural nouns or names
ending in -s
• we use be to say a name, nationality, age, etc. or to my friends’ books James’ bike
describe people and objects
• we usually use contracted forms in conversation and have got
informal writing
• we use not to form the negative Affirmative Negative
I/You’ve (have) got I/You haven’t (have not)
be: Yes/No questions a brother. got a sister.
He/She/It’s (has) got He/She/It hasn’t (has not)
Questions Short answers long hair. got short hair.
Am I in this class? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. We/You/They’ve (have) We/You/They haven’t
got a dog. (have not) got a cat.
Are you from Japan? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
Is he/she/it new? Yes, she/he/it is. No, she/he/it isn’t. • we use have got for appearance and possession
Are we/you/they ten Yes, we/you/they are.
years old? No, we/you/they aren’t.
• we use have got with I, you, we and they and has got
with he, she and it

• the word order is different in questions. We use am, Questions Short answers
are or is before the subject (I/you/he, etc.)
Have I/you got a Yes, I/you have.
She is the teacher. Is she the teacher? big family? No, I/you haven’t.
Has he/she/it got Yes, he/she/it has.
be: Wh- questions curly hair? No, he/she/it hasn’t.
• we use: Have we/you/they got
brown eyes?
Yes, we/you/they have.
No, we/you/they haven’t.
• what to ask about things What’s this?
• where to ask about places Where’s he from? • the word order in questions is different

• when to ask about time When’s your birthday? • we don’t use got in short answers

• who for people Who’s your best friend?

can for ability
• why for reasons Why are you tired?
• how old for age How old are your friends? Affirmative Negative

• the question word comes before the verb in

I/You can sing.
He/She/It can draw.
I/You can’t cook.
He/She/It can’t swim.
Wh- questions
We/You/They can spell. We/You/They can’t dance.
Possessive adjectives
• we use can to talk about abilities
Subject pronouns
I you he/she/it we you they
• we use the same form of can for all subject pronouns

Possessive adjectives
• after can we use the base form

my your his/her/its our your their • the negative form of can is can’t
• the word order in questions is different
Can you play the guitar? Yes, I can.

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 Grammar practice Starter

be have got
1 Complete the sentences with the correct 5 Correct the sentences using the words
form of be. in parentheses.
1 The Japanese flag is red and white. It 1 I’ve got two brothers. (two sisters)
isn’t (not) blue and white. I haven’t got two brothers. I’ve got two sisters.
2 My best friend from France. He 2 My mom has got blond hair. (brown hair)
(not) from Spain.

3 My friends happy because it
3 You’ve got three cousins. (four cousins)
Friday.

4 I (not) 15; I
14 years old. 4 Our English teacher has got a beard. (a mustache)
5 My mom’s birthday (not) on 
July 12th. It on July 21st. 5 My cousins live in a big house. (small house)
6 My favorite soccer player (not) 
Marcus Rashford. It Harry Kane.
6 Write a complete yes/no question. Then write
2 Complete the questions with the the short answer.
question words in the box. 1 your sister / long hair ? (–)

How What When Why Where Who

Has your sister got long hair?
No, she hasn’t.
a What color is the Japanese flag? 2 you / my pencil ? (–)
b is your favorite soccer player? 
c old are you? 
d is your best friend from? 3 your classroom / a clock ? (+)
e are your friends happy? 
f is your mom’s birthday? 
4 your friends / bikes ? (+)
3 Match the questions in exercise 2 with the 
answers in exercise 1.

a 1 b c d e f
5 we / a lot of homework today ? (–)

Possessive ’s and s’ 
4 Correct the mistakes in the sentences using ’s
or s’. can for ability
1 My cousin name is Hannah.
My cousin’s name is Hannah.
7 Write sentences with the affirmative, negative
or question form of can.
2 Lena eyes are green.
1 my friends / swim (+)

My friends can swim.
3 My parents car is Italian.
2 I / dance (–)


4 Luis sister is 18 years old.
3 my dad / speak German (+)


5 My best friends names are Sam and Alex.
4 you / play the piano (?)


5 your parents / sing (?)


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1 Grammar reference

Simple present: affirmative Spelling rules for he/she/it

and negative to form the third person singular:

Affirmative • add -s to most verbs

I/you finish school. clean  cleans
He/She/It goes to sleep. • add -es to verbs that end in -s, -sh, -ss, -ch, -x
We/You/They get dressed. brush  brushes, watch  watches, fix  fixes

• we use the simple present to talk about routines

• add -es to do and go
and habits do  does, go  goes
I wake up at seven o’clock every morning. • for verbs that end in consonant + y, omit the -y and

• we use it to talk about schedules

add -ies
try  tries
My first class starts at 8:45 am.
• we also use it to talk about facts
• for verbs that end vowel + y, keep the -y and add -s
play  plays
Some animals sleep during the day.
• with he/she/it the verb ends in -s, -es or -ies (see
• some verbs are irregular
Spelling rules) be  is, have  has

Negative Object pronouns

I/you don’t (do not) start school.
He/She/It doesn’t (does not) have a break.
Subject pronoun Object pronoun
I me
We/You/They don’t (do not) wake up.
you you
• we use don’t or doesn’t before the main verb to form he him
the negative she her
• don’t is the contracted form of do not it it

• doesn’t is the contracted form of does not we us

• we usually use contracted forms in conversation and

you
they
you
them
informal writing

I do my homework after school. Do you do it

Simple present: Yes/No after school?
questions We have some math homework. Can you help us?

Questions Short answers

Do I/you walk to school? Yes, I/you do.
No, I/you don’t.
Does he/she/it go Yes, he/she/it does.
to school? No, he/she/it doesn’t.
Do we/you/they Yes, we/you/they do.
play sports? No, we/you/they don’t.

• we use do or does before the subject (I/you/he etc.).

The main verb doesn’t change form.
She makes her bed in the morning.
Does she make her bed in the morning?

• we don’t repeat the main verb in short answers

Do you clean your room?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

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 Grammar practice 1

Simple present: affirmative Yes/No questions and

1 Choose the correct words to complete short answers
the sentences. 5 Write complete Yes/No questions.
1 You brush/brushes your teeth every morning. 1 you / get dressed / on Sunday morning ?
2 Alex make/makes his bed every morning. Do you get dressed on Sunday morning?
3 We get/gets changed for P.E. after lunch. 2 your school / start / at 8 o’clock ?
4 Our dog go/goes to sleep in the evening. 
5 My parents watch/watches TV after dinner. 3 your dad / go to work / by car ?
6 I walk/walks to school with my friends. 
7 My sister pack/packs her bag at night. 4 your friends / read books / in the evening ?
2 Write the verbs in the third person singular. 
Be careful with the spelling! 5 you / clean the classroom / every day ?
1 do does 
2 play 6 you and your family / have dinner / together ?
3 finish 
4 have
6 Write short answers for the questions in
5 study exercise 5.
6 be 1 Yes, I do.
3 Complete the sentences with the verbs in 2 No, .
exercise 2. 3 Yes, .
1 My school starts at 8 o’clock. 4 No, .
2 My brother karate on Wednesdays. 5 Yes, .
3 My mom two brothers. 6 No, .
4 Our P.E. teacher football for a
local team. Object pronouns
5 My best friend a lot for exams.
7 Complete the sentences with the words
6 Our chemistry teacher very good.
in the box.

Simple present: negative her him it me them us you

4 Rewrite the sentences in the negative form. 1 I have my breakfast at home. I don’t have
1 I take a shower every morning. it at school.
I don’t take a shower every morning. 2 I brush my teeth every morning. I also brush
at night.
2 My dad gets up at 6 o’clock.
3 Where are you? I can’t see .

4 I don’t have an eraser.. Can you give
3 My friends go to bed at 10:30 pm.
one?

5 Your brother is in bed. Don’t wake
4 Mrs. Maguire teaches English and French. up!
 6 It’s my mom’s birthday but I don’t know what to
5 I play sports in the park on Saturday morning. buy .
 7 We have a lot of difficult homework. Can you help
6 We have classes in the afternoon. ?


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2 Grammar reference

Adverbs of frequency Simple present: Wh- questions

more frequent be
always How old are you? I’m 13 years old.
Where is your brother? He’s at home.
usually When is our math class? It’s after lunch.

• the form is: question word + be + subject

often Why are you late?

sometimes have got

What have you got in I’ve got my school things.
your bag?
hardly ever
How many brothers and She’s got two brothers and
sisters has she got? a sister.
never When have we got P.E.? We’ve got it at 11 o’clock.
less frequent
• the form is: question word + have/has + subject + got
• we use adverbs of frequency to say how often we How many pets has she got?
do things
• with most verbs, the adverb comes before the verb Other verbs
Where do you play I play it at school.
We usually play football in the park after school.
basketball?
• with the verb be, the adverb comes after the verb How does your dad go He walks to work.
I’m often tired on Monday morning. to work?
When do your friends They watch TV after dinner.
Likes and dislikes watch TV?

• the form is: question word + do/does +

subject + base form
Where do they play basketball?
love like don’t don’t hate
mind like

… + verb -ing … + noun

I love listening to music. I love music.
You like playing You like video games.
video games.
She doesn’t mind She doesn’t mind soccer.
playing soccer.
We don’t like going to We don’t like the gym.
the gym.
They hate using They hate social media.
social media.

• we use the -ing form of the verb after love, like, don’t
mind, don’t like and hate
My friends love playing chess.
They don’t like playing hockey.
• we can also use love, like, don’t mind, don’t like and
hate with nouns
My friends love chess.
They don’t like hockey.

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 Grammar practice 2

Adverbs of frequency 4 Correct one mistake in each sentence.

1 I love make videos.
1 Choose the correct words to complete I love making videos.
the sentences.
2 We don’t like collect things.
1 She sometimes practices/practices sometimes
the piano. 

2 Our teacher is always/always is happy. 3 I love to meeting my friends on the weekend.

3 We watch often/often watch TV after dinner. 

4 You hardly ever help/help hardly ever at home. 4 My dad like sleeping.

5 My friends are never/never are in the park on 

Saturday morning.
6 My sister takes usually/usually takes a shower in
the morning.
7 I am often/often am early for school.
2 Order the words to make sentences.
1 go / gym / to / the / I / usually
I usually go to the gym.
2 often / He / volleyball / plays
3 We / use / sometimes / media / social
4 never / late / am / I / school / for
5 video / games / They / play / usually
5 My little sister hates make videos.

Simple present: Wh- questions
5 Choose the correct words to complete
the questions.
1 When do/have/are you practice the piano?
2 Where does/has/is your brother go horseback
riding?
3 Who does/has/is your math teacher?
4 What do/have/are we got after this lesson?
5 Why do/have/are you tired?
6 How many photos does/has/is your cousin got
on her bedroom wall?

6 gym / always / is / She / the / at 6 Write complete questions with be, do or

have got.
1 Where / the physics class ?
Likes and dislikes Where’s the physics class?
2 How old / your best friend ?
3 Write sentences with the correct verb in the 
box and the verbs in brackets.
3 Where / you go after school ?

love   like   don’t mind
4 How many cousins / you ?
don’t like   hate 
5 When / your birthday ?
1 I’m happy when my room is clean. I like cleaning 
(clean) it.
7 Write answers for the questions in exercise 6.
2 Our teacher (draw) on the board.
1 The physics class is next to the chemistry class.

2
3 My dad (wash) the cars.
3

4
4 I (get up) early, but I (make) my bed. 5
/

5 We (do) aerobics, it’s fun!


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 3 Grammar reference

Present progressive Simple present and present

Affirmative Negative progressive
I’m (am) drawing. I’m (am) not playing chess. • we use the simple present to talk about routines,
habits or facts
You’re (are) playing You aren’t (are not)
video games. playing games. We always wear shorts in the summer. We don’t wear
He/She/It’s (is) sleeping. He/She/It isn’t (is not) walking. shorts in the winter.
We/You/ They’re (are) We/You/They aren’t (are not) Do you wear dressy clothes on Sundays?
wearing boots. wearing boots. Yes, I do./No, I don’t.
What do you do after school on Mondays?
• we use the present progressive to talk about actions
• we use the present progressive to talk about actions
that are in progress now
that are in progress now
• we use subject + be + verb -ing
I’m buying books now. I’m not buying clothes.
I’m practicing the piano. He’s watching TV.
Are you wearing my T-shirt? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
• we use be + not to form the negative What are you doing now?
She isn’t (is not) listening to music.
We aren’t (are not) having pizza now. Time expressions
Questions Short answers • we often use the simple present and the present
progressive with time expressions
Am I wearing Yes, you are.
your sunglasses? No, you aren’t. • with the simple present, we use:
Are you having lunch? Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
• adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes, never, etc.)
I often meet my friends after school.
Is he/she/it waking up? Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it isn’t. • every day/week/month/year
Are we/you/they Yes, we/you/they are. We go biking every week.
having breakfast? No, we/you/they aren’t.
• on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, etc.
• the word order is different in questions. It is My brother goes to the gym on Wednesdays.
question word + be + subject + verb -ing
You are wearing sandals. Are you wearing sandals?
• on the weekend
I don’t wake up early on the weekend.
• we don’t repeat the verb -ing in short answers
• with the present progressive, we use:
Are they eating in class? No, they aren’t.
• now, right now, at the moment, today, this
• we don’t use the contracted form in affirmative morning/afternoon/evening, this week/month/year
short answers
I’m meeting my friends today.
Are they eating in class?
Yes, they are. ✓ Yes, they’re. ✗
• we don’t use the present progressive with some
verbs, e.g. be, have, like, love, want
I want something to eat now. ✓
Spelling rules I’m wanting something to eat now. ✗
to form verbs with the -ing ending:
We have a lot of homework today. ✓
• add -ing for most verbs We’re having a lot of homework today. ✗
wear  wearing, study  studying
• for verbs which end in -e, remove the -e and add -ing
make  making, have  having
• for verbs that end in -ie, change -ie to -y and add -ing
lie  lying, die  dying
• for some verbs that end in consonant + vowel +
consonant, double the final consonant and add -ing
swim  swimming, get  getting

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 Grammar practice 3

Present progressive Spelling rules

1 Complete the sentences with the present 4 Write the -ing form of the verbs.
progressive affirmative form of the verbs 1 pack packing
in parentheses. 2 go
1 I ’m watching (watch) my favorite TV series. 3 use
2 My brother (play) ping-pong right 4 try
now.
5 swim
3 We (do) karate in P.E. this week.
6 win
4 I (wear) comfortable shoes because
7 skate
I’m going biking.
8 plan
5 My mom and dad aren’t at home. They
(have) dinner with their friends. 9 lie
6 You (take) a lot of photos today.
Simple present and present
2 Correct the sentences using the words progressive
in parentheses.
1 My teacher’s drawing a dog on the board. (a cat) 5 Choose the correct words to complete
My teacher isn’t drawing a dog on the board. the sentences.
He’s drawing a cat. 1 You don’t do/aren’t doing gymnastics
2 We’re studying chemistry. (biology) this morning.
 2 My school starts/’s starting at 8 o’clock
every day.
3 She’s helping me. (her friend)
3 I have/’m having lunch at my grandmother’s

house today.
4 I’m wearing baggy jeans. (tight jeans)
4 My dad doesn’t write/isn’t writing an email
 right now.
5 You’re practicing the guitar. (the piano) 5 Do you like/Are you liking this music?
 6 My friends often play/are often playing chess
6 My friends are going home. (the park) after school.
 7 We don’t have/aren’t having history
after English today.
3 Write complete questions. Then write
short answers. Time expressions
1 you / listen to music ? (+)
Are you listening to music? 6 Write complete sentences in the simple
Yes, I am. present or present progressive.
2 your friends / have lunch ? (–) 1 I / go to a dance class / on Mondays
and Wednesdays

I go to a dance class on Mondays and Wednesdays.

2 You / wear / a cool hoodie / today
3 your aunt / do yoga ? (+)


3 We / often / listen to music / in our French lesson


4 I / wear my new shirt today ? (+)
4 My grandmother / never / wear / jeans



5 I / not use social media / right now
5 your dad / play chess ? (–)


6 My friends / not go skateboarding / every day



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4 Grammar reference

Comparative and Spelling of comparative and

superlative adjectives superlative adjectives
Comparative adjectives Comparative Superlative
This dress more comfortable that skirt. Most short longer the longest
Istanbul is bigger than London. adjectives: long
My mom taller me. Short adjectives larger the largest
ending in -e: large
• we use comparative adjectives to compare two Short adjectives wetter the wettest
things, places or people ending in consonant,
• to form the comparative adjective, we add -er to a vowel, consonant: wet
Short adjectives windier the windiest
short adjective
ending in -y: windy
I’m shorter than my mom.
Long adjectives: more comfortable the most
• we add more to a longer adjective comfortable comfortable
My sneakers are more comfortable than my boots. Irregular adjectives: better, worse the best,
• when we compare two things, places or people, we good, bad the worst
use than after the comparative adjective
London is colder than Madrid. Modal verbs of obligation,
Superlative adjectives permission and prohibition
This the most in the store. • we use can to give or ask about permission
comfortable dress Can I open the window? Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
is
Istanbul
My mom
the biggest city
the tallest person
in Europe.
in her family.
• we use must to talk about obligation
You must do your homework.
• we use superlative adjectives to compare more than • we use can’t and mustn’t to talk about prohibition
two things, places or people and to describe the one You can’t eat in class. You mustn’t write on your desk.
that is the most (or least) something e.g. tall, big, etc.
• to form the superlative adjective, we add -est to a Affirmative Negative
short adjective I/You/We/They can/must I/You/We/They can’t/
I’m the shortest person in my class. go home now. mustn’t eat here.

• we add most to a longer adjective

He/She/It can/must go
home now.
He/She/It can’t /mustn’t
eat here.
These are the most uncomfortable shoes in the world.
• when we compare words, we use the before the • we use subject + can/can’t/must/mustn’t + verb
without to for all subject pronouns
superlative adjective and we use in after the adjective
He must make his bed before school. ✓
My brother is the youngest person in the school. ✓
He must to make his bed before school. ✗
My brother is the youngest person of the school. ✗
Questions Short answers
Can I/you/we/they Yes, I/you/we/they can.
swim here? No, I/you/we/they can’t.
Can he/she/it have Yes, he/she/it can.
lunch here? No, he/she/it can’t.

• for all subject pronouns, we use Can + subject + verb

without to + ? for questions, and Yes, + subject +
can/No, + subject + can’t for short answers
Can Teo play outside today? Yes, he can./No, he can’t.

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 Grammar practice 4

Comparative and 4 Complete the sentences with the comparative

or superlative form of the adjectives
superlative adjectives in parentheses.
1 Write the comparative and superlative form of 1 March is longer (long)
the adjective. than April.
1 tall taller tallest 2 February is
2 big (short) month.
3 old-fashioned 3 Madrid is usually
(warm) than London.
4 sunny
4 Mexico is (big)
5 comfortable
than Turkey.
6 cloudy
5 That guitar player is amazing! She’s
7 good (good) player in
8 bad the band.
6 My brother thinks hockey is
2 Write complete sentences with the correct (difficult)
form of the comparative adjective. than volleyball.
1 my shoes / my boots (comfortable)
My shoes are more comfortable than my boots. Modal verbs of obligation,
2 my jeans / my pants (baggy)
permission and prohibition

3 January / July in Australia (hot) 5 Complete the sentences with can, can’t, must
 or mustn’t.
4 my coat / my jacket (warm) 1 When it’s sunny, you must wear
sunscreen.

2 We play sports in the classroom.
5 these sneakers / those boots (expensive)
3 It’s dry today so we go horseback

riding if you like.
6 making my bed / cleaning my room (easy)
4 I use my sister’s beach towel. She
 hates it!
7 playing tennis / watching it on TV (good for you) 5 You take photos here. It’s fine.
 6 I wake up early tomorrow. I have a
math exam at 8 o’clock.
3 Complete the sentences with the superlative
form of one of the adjectives in the box. 6 Write complete questions with can and then
write the short answer with can/can’t.
bad cheap cold
comfortable heavy tall 1 your teachers / wear T-shirts and shorts / in the
summer ? (+)
1 It’s -4ºC outside. It’s the coldest Can your teachers wear T-shirts and shorts in
day of the year. the summer? Yes, they can.
2 My best friend is 1.85 m. He’s 2 you / watch TV / after you do your homework ? (+)
boy in our school. 
3 There’s a cell here for $75. It’s 3 you / draw on the board in your classroom ? (–)
phone in the store.

4 I love wearing these sneakers. They’re
4 your mom / get up late / on Mondays ? (–)
shoes I have.

5 Don’t watch that movie – it’s
movie in the world. 5 people / go skateboarding in the park ? (+)
6 I can’t carry your bag. It’s 
in the class.

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5 Grammar reference

Countable and there is/are …

uncountable nouns Affirmative Negative
• countable nouns are nouns we can count Singular noun There’s (is) a book on There isn’t (is
books, grapes, chairs the table. not) a pencil.

• they have singular and plural forms: Uncountable

noun
There’s (is) some
water in the fridge.
There isn’t
any rice.
book  books
Plural noun There are (some) There aren’t
grape  grapes
museums in my town. any skate parks.
• uncountable nouns are nouns we can’t count
snow, oil, water • we use there is with singular countable nouns and
uncountable nouns
• they don’t have a plural form
There’s a bus stop near my house.
water ✓ waters ✗
There is some ice on the window.
butter ✓ butters ✗
• we use there are with plural countable nouns

a, an, some/any There are some cool cafés in our town.

• we use a/an with singular countable nouns • we add not to form the negative

• we use a before a consonant sound

There isn’t any butter.
There aren’t any bike lanes.
a bag, a melon, a skate park
• we use an before a vowel sound
Is there … ? Are there … ?
an animal, an egg, an hour
• we use Is there … ? and Yes, there is./No, there isn’t. with
• we use some and any with plural countable nouns singular countable nouns and uncountable nouns
and uncountable nouns Is there a train station near here?
• we usually use some in affirmative sentences Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
I have some dressy pants for the party. Is there any sauce? Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.
My dad often has some cheese after dinner. • we use Are there … ? and Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
• we usually use any in negative sentences with plural countable nouns
and questions Are there any music venues in your town?
We don’t have any water. Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.
Do you have any books?
How much/many … ?
• we can also use no article when we are talking about
something plural or uncountable for the first time or Questions Short answers
in general
How much snow is there? a lot/some/not much
I like pasta , but I don’t like grapes.
How many stores are there? a lot/some/not many

• we use How much to ask about quantity with

uncountable nouns
• we often answer this question with a lot, some or
not much
How much ice cream is there? There’s a lot./There’s
some./There isn’t much.
• we use How many to ask about quantity with
countable nouns
• we often answer this question with a lot, some or
not many
How many apples are there? There are a lot./There are
some./There aren’t many.

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 Grammar practice 5

Countable and Is there/Are there … ?

uncountable nouns 4 Write questions with Is there/Are there … ? and
1 Write C (countable) or U (uncountable). a, an or any. Then write short answers.
1 rice U 1 bus station / near here ? (+)
2 egg Is there a bus station near here?
3 banana Yes, there is.
4 melon 2 towels / in your room ? (–)
5 water 
6 wind 
7 T-shirt 3 suitcase / under your bed ? (–)
8 pasta 
9 pizza 
10 fog 4 good movies / on TV ? (+)
11 game 
12 hockey 
5 oil / in that bottle ? (–)
a, an, some/any 

2 Choose the correct words to complete
the sentences. How much/many … ?
1 I don’t have a/any dance class today.
2 Wear some/a jeans with that top. 5 Write complete questions with How much … ?
3 Do you have a/some comfortable shoes for and How many … ?
the walk? 1 How many cousins do you have?
4 Does your friend have some/a new bike? I have a lot of cousins.
5 We don’t have any/some food. Let’s go to a café. 2
6 Do you play on a/an ice hockey team? There’s some ice cream in the box.
3
there is/are … We have three TVs in our house.
4
3 Match the sentence halves. There are 26 students in my class.
1 There’s a a onion. Do you need one? 5
2 There’s some b people in the skate park We have some homework tonight.
because it’s wet.
3 There isn’t any c 
new movie theater near 6 Correct the mistakes.
my house. Let’s go! 1 How many players there are on your team?
4 There isn’t an d 
milk so we can’t make How many players are there on your team?
hot chocolate.
2 How many rice would you like?
5 There are some e 
snow so wear your

winter boots.
3 Do you have a umbrella?
6 There aren’t any f 
sunglasses on the table.
Can I wear them? 
4 There aren’t a gyms in my school.

5 Are there any cheese on the pizza?


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6 Grammar reference

Simple past: be Spelling: simple past

Affirmative Negative regular verbs
I was I wasn’t (was not) • many verbs are regular in the simple past:
You were You weren’t (were not) • for most regular verbs, add -ed
He/She/It was He/She/It wasn’t (was not) start  started
We/You/They were We/You/They weren’t
(were not) • for verbs that end in -e, add -d
like  liked
There was
There were
There wasn’t (was not)
There weren’t (were not)
• for verbs that end in consonant + -y, omit the -y
and add -ied

• we use was/were to describe situations, people and study  studied

objects in the past • for verbs that end in stressed vowel + consonant
It was cold last night so he was at home. (except -w or -y), double the final consonant and

• we use not to form the negative

add -ed
plan  planned
You were not at school last Monday.
prefer  preferred
• wasn’t is the contracted form of was not
• weren’t is the contracted form of were not Simple past irregular
She wasn’t at the gym at 8 o’clock.
verbs: affirmative
Questions Short answers
Was I late? Yes, I was. Affirmative
No, I wasn’t. I/You went
Were you bored? Yes, you were. He/She/It went
No, you weren’t. We/You/They went
Was he/she/it sad? Yes, he/she/it was.
No, he/she/it wasn’t. • other verbs are irregular (see list of irregular verbs)
Were we/you/they happy? Yes, we/you/they were. have  had
No, we/you/they weren’t. see  saw

• the word order is different in questions

meet  met

Simple past of regular verbs: Simple past: time expressions

affirmative and negative • we can use the simple past with past time
expressions: yesterday, last night, last Thursday,
Affirmative Negative last weekend, in August, in 2017, etc. to say when
things happened.
I/You visited I/You didn’t (did not) visit
I first met my best friend in September 2016.
He/She/It visited He/She/It didn’t (did not) visit
He traveled to the USA last year.
We/You/They visited We/You/They didn’t (did not) visit

• we use the simple past to describe finished actions or

situations in the past
I played volleyball with my friends last Monday.
• the form is the same for I, you, he, she, it, we, you and they
Josh watched TV and his mom played cards with
his brother.
• we use didn’t (did not) before the verb to form
the negative
We didn’t organize a party.

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 Grammar practice 6

Simple past: be Spelling: simple past

1 Complete the sentences with the simple past regular verbs
affirmative or negative form of be. 4 Write the simple past of the verbs.
1 Jack wasn’t at school yesterday. (–) 1 join joined
2 My friends at my party on Saturday. (+) 2 raise
3 It windy last night. (–) 3 play
4 We tired after the school trip. (+) 4 plan
5 You here at 10:00 am. (–) 5 try
6 There a spider in the bathtub. (+) 6 protect
2 Write questions in the simple past. Then write
short answers. Simple past irregular
1 they / at the beach last weekend ? (+) verbs: affirmative
Were they at the beach last weekend?
Yes, they were.
5 Write the simple past form of the verbs.
1 see saw
2 it / hot / in August ? (+)
2 meet

3 have

4 go
3 Lucia / at the theme park with you ? (–)


Simple past: time expressions
4 there / any books in that box ? (+) 6 Match phrases 1–5 with a–e to make
 complete sentences.
 1 I didn’t go to my friend’s a yesterday.
5 you / at the field on Saturday ? (–) house on
 2 We didn’t live b Saturday.
 3 My uncle started his business in c night.
4 She didn’t watch TV last d here in 2016.
Simple past of regular verbs: 5 You saw my best friend e March.

affirmative and negative 7 Correct the mistakes.

3 Correct the information in the sentences 1 I have a great time yesterday.
using the words in parentheses. I had a great time yesterday.
1 I studied math last night. (English) 2 We all really enjoied the park.
I didn’t study math last night. I studied English. 
2 My mom donated our old toys to charity. (clothes) 3 They didn’t played basketball after school.
 
3 My brother and I cleaned the kitchen last night. 4 I stoped at the café to have a drink.
(our bedroom) 
 5 There didn’t be many people in the store.
4 My dad traveled to Australia last year. (Japan) 
 6 I went home because it be cold.
5 They listened to the news. (music) 

6 You stopped the game. (the movie)


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7 Grammar reference

Simple past of irregular verbs: Simple past: question forms

affirmative and negative
Regular simple past
I/You started/walked/
played etc.
He/She/It started/walked/
played etc.
We/You/They started/
walked/played etc.
and ago
Irregular simple past Questions Short answers
I/You went/had/came etc. Did I/you make your bed? Yes, I/you did.
No, I/you didn’t.
He/She/It went/had/ Did he/she/it have dinner? Yes, he/she/it did.
came etc. No, he/she/it didn’t.
We/You/They went/had/ Did we/you/they watch TV? Yes, we/you/they did.
came etc. No, we/you/they didn’t.

• for the use of the simple past, see Unit 6 Grammar • the word order is different in questions. The form is
reference Did + subject + base form ?
• for all subject pronouns, we use the same past tense I went to the wildlife park.
form (except be, see Unit 6): Did you go to the wildlife park?
I played soccer. • the form in short answers is Yes, + subject + did./No, +
She played soccer. subject + didn’t.
They played soccer. • we don’t repeat the verb in short answers
• some verbs are regular in the simple past. We add -ed Did he play hockey?
to the verb (see Unit 6 for Spelling rules) Yes, he did. ✓ Yes, he played. ✗
start  started No, he didn’t. ✓ No, he didn’t play. ✗
walk  walked
• we use ago to say when we did something in the
• other verbs are irregular and have different forms past. We can use different time words:
and spelling
When did you clean your room?
go  went
five minutes ago/three hours ago/a month ago
have  had
do  did
• we often use these time expressions to talk about
the past:
get  got
in (2017)
• see list of irregular verbs when I was ten
at the age of six
Negative
I/You didn’t (did not) see
three days ago
He/She/It didn’t (did not) see
We/You/They didn’t (did not) see

• we use didn’t (did not) before the base form of

the negative
I didn’t have breakfast yesterday. ✓
I didn’t had breakfast yesterday. ✗

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 Grammar practice 7

Simple past of irregular verbs: Simple past: question forms

affirmative and negative and ago
1 Write the simple past form of the verbs. 5 Write complete questions and short answers.
1 do did 5 try 1 your aunt / see poisonous snakes in Australia ? (–)
2 enjoy 6 meet Did your aunt see poisonous snakes in Australia?
3 know 7 hear No, she didn’t.
4 tell 8 write 2 your friends / collect things ? (+)

2 Complete the sentences with the past simple 3 it / rain a lot on the weekend ? (+)
affirmative form of the verbs in the box.

go help leave rain snow study 4 you / start a blog about music ? (–)

1 This cake is good because my mom helped me.
5 I / take your sleeping bag ? (–)
2 My mom math when she was 18.

3 We horseback riding two days ago.
6 we / solve the problem ? (+)
4 It last week so we went skiing!

5 My brother home at 9 o’clock so he
was late for school. 6 Order the words to make questions.
6 It a lot last night so we stayed 1 wake up / What time / you / did ?
at home.
What time did you wake up?
3 Complete the table with the base form of the 2 your friends / play / did / Where / hockey ?
verbs in exercises 1 and 2. 
3 do / did / What / on Saturday morning / you ?
Regular verbs Irregular verbs 
help do 4 take / the photographer / How many photos / did ?

5 go / to the police station / you / did / Why ?


7 Rewrite the sentences with the time

expressions in parentheses.
1 I had breakfast at 8 o’clock. It’s now 10 o’clock. (ago)
4 Write the sentences in the simple past I had breakfast two hours ago.
negative form. 2 I’m now 14 years old. I visited the zoo five years
1 My mom / organize / a party for Dad’s birthday ago. (when)
last week 
My mom didn’t organize a party for Dad’s 3 It’s now 2021. My mom went to college 25 years
birthday last week. ago. (in)
2 I / spend three hours on my computer yesterday 
 4 My brother’s 16 years old. He started going
3 My sister / study for her exams before the summer surfing six years ago. (age)
 
4 My uncle / do / karate at the age of 15 5 It’s now Wednesday. I went to the dentist on
Monday. (ago)


5 I / stop / collecting things two years ago


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8 Grammar reference

will for predictions: affirmative Future with going to

and negative Affirmative
Affirmative I’m (am) going to visit a gallery.
I/You’ll (will) live in another country. You’re (are) going to have lunch.
He/She/It’ll (will) have a big house. He/She/It’s (is) going to stay in a hotel.
We/You/They’ll (will) be famous. We/You/They’re (are) going to sunbathe.

• we use will to make predictions about the future • we use be + going to to talk about future plans
and intentions
People will have flying cars.
We’ll all live to be 120! • the form is subject + be + going to + base form

• the form is subject + will + base form Negative

We’ll go on virtual vacations. ✓ I’m not (am not) going to play tennis.
We’ll to go on virtual vacations. ✗ You aren’t (are not) going to meet friends.

• the form is the same for all subject pronouns

He/She/It isn’t (is not) going to be bored.
We/You/They aren’t (are not) going to have dinner.
I’ll (will) work as a web designer.

Negative • we use not to form the negative

I/You won’t (will not) walk to school. Questions Short answers

He/She/It won’t (will not) have cars. Am I going to visit Yes, you are.
my grandparents? No, you aren’t.
We/You/They won’t (will not) go to the beach.
Are you going to Yes, I am.
• we use not to form the negative have breakfast? No, I’m not.

• won’t is the contracted form of will not

Is he/she/it going to listen
to music?
Yes, he/she/it is.
No, he/she/it isn’t.
• the form is the same for all subject pronouns Are we/you/they going to Yes, we/you/they are.
He won’t have much free time. watch TV? No, we/you/they aren’t.
We won’t have long vacations.
• the word order is different in questions. The form is
question word + be + subject + base form
will for predictions:
question and short answers
• the form of short answers is Yes, + subject + am/is/
are./No, + subject + 'm not/aren’t/isn’t.

Questions Short answers • we don’t repeat going to or the base form in

short answers
Will I/you live in a Yes, I/you will.
big house? No, I/you won’t. Is he going to go swimming?
Will he/she/it watch Yes, he/she/it will. Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
more TV? No, he/she/it won’t.
Will we/you/they visit Yes, we/you/they will. Present progressive for
museums on vacation? No, we/you/they won’t.
future arrangements
• the word order is different in questions • we can use the present progressive to talk about
• to make questions, we use question word + will +
future arrangements. We usually use a future
time expression
subject + base form
What are you doing after school?
• the form is the same for all subject pronouns
I’m hanging out with friends on Friday afternoon.
Will we go for walks in the future?
We aren’t having a barbecue next weekend.
• we don’t repeat the verb in short answers
• for the form, see Unit 3
Yes, you will. ✓ No, you won’t. ✓
Yes, you will go. ✗ No, you won’t go. ✗

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 Grammar practice 8

will for predictions 4 Complete the questions with be going to and

the verbs in the box.
1 Order the words to make questions. Then
write short answers. be pack stay watch wear
1 next week / it / Will / hot / be ? (+)
1 Are you going to watch the game on TV?

Will it be hot next week? Yes, it will.
2 you your hat to the
2 the bike rental / Will / expensive / be ? (–) beach today?
 3 it dry for field day?
3 have / the hotel / Will / a swimming pool ? (+) 4 your aunt in a B & B
 when she goes to the city?
4 we / Will / see / penguins ? (–) 5 I my suitcase tonight?

5 your friends / Will / go to college ? (+) 5 Write short answers for the questions in
exercise 4.

1 (–) No, I’m not.
2 Write complete sentences with the correct 2 (+)
form of will. 3 (+)
1 I / not study / chemistry at college 4 (–)
I won’t study chemistry at college. 5 (–)
2 We / not live / in houses under the water
 6 Write complete questions with the correct
form of be going to.
3 I / buy / a large apartment
1 What / you / do on your vacation ?

What are you going to do on your vacation?
4 It / not rain / all summer
2 How / your friends / make their video ?


5 You / have fun / at the theme park
3 Where / your brother / go to college ?


4 When / it / be hot and sunny ?
Future with going to

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form 5 What time / I / see the doctor ?
of be going to. 
1 I ’m going to play (play) badminton.
I ’m not going to do (not do) yoga.
Present progressive for
2 She (wear) her dressy skirt. She
(not wear) her jeans. future arrangements
3 It (not be) warm. It 7 Complete the sentences with the present
(be) freezing.
progressive form of the verbs in the box.
4 We (stay) in an apartment and we
(have) a barbecue. not play not go not have visit
5 My friends (play) in a band but they
(not be) rich and famous. 1 You aren’t going to the dentist on Thursday.
6 You (watch) track and field, you 2 My brother the
(not do) track and field. wildlife park with his class tomorrow.
3 We sports after
school today.
4 I dinner at
home tonight.

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