LEARNING GUIDE

Week No.:__6_

TOPIC/S

CHAPTER 6

DUCT SYSTEMS

601.0 Scope.

601.1 Ducts and plenums that are portions of a heating, cooling, absorption or
evaporative cooling, or product conveying system shall comply with the
requirements of this chapter.

601.2 Sizing Requirements. Duct systems used with blower type equipment
that are portions of a heating, cooling, absorption, evaporative cooling, or outdoor
air ventilation system shall be sized in accordance with ASHRAE Fundamentals,
ACCA and SMACNA, or by other approved methods.

Exception: Duct sizing calculations are not required for existing duct systems.

602.0 Material.

602.1 General. Supply air, return air, and outside air for heating, cooling, or
evaporative cooling systems shall be conducted through duct systems constructed of
metal as set forth in Tables 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9, and 6-10, or metal ducts
complying with UMC Standard No. 62 or the referenced HVAC duct construction
standard in Chapter 29. Rectangular ducts in excess of two (2) inches W.G. shall
comply with UMC Standard No. 62 or the referenced HVAC duct construction
standard in Chapter 29. Ducts, plenums, and fittings may be constructed of concrete,
clay, or ceramics when Installed in the ground or in a concrete slab, provided the
joints are tightly sealed.

Corridors shall not be used to convey air to or from rooms if the corridor is required
to be of fire resistive construction per the Building Code. When gypsum products
are exposed in ducts or plenums, the air temperature shall be restricted to a range
from 50°F (10°C) to 125°F (52°C), and moisture content shall be controlled so that
the material is not adversely affected. For the purpose of this section, gypsum
products shall not be exposed in ducts serving as supply from evaporative coolers,
and in other air-handling systems regulated by this chapter when the temperature of
the gypsum product will be below the dew point temperature.

See Chapter 8 for limitations on combustion products venting systems extending

into or through ducts or plenums.
See Chapter 5 for limitations on environmental air systems exhaust ducts extending
into or through ducts or plenums.

Exhaust ducts under positive pressure and venting systems shall not extend into or
pass through ducts or plenums. For appliance vents and chimneys, see Chapter 8.

602.2 Combustibles Within Ducts or Plenums. Materials exposed within

ducts or plenums shall be noncombustible or shall have a flame spread index not
greater than twenty-five (25) and a smoke developed index not greater than fifty
(50), when tested as a composite product in accordance with one of the following
test methods: NFPA 255, Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials, ASTM E84, Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials, or UL 723, Test for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials, except as indicated below.

Exceptions:

(1) Air filters meeting the requirements of Sections 311.2 and 503.3.

(2)Water evaporation media in an evaporative cooler.

(3)Charcoal filters when protected with an approved fire suppression

system.

(4) Electrical wiring in plenums shall comply with NFPA 70, National
Electrical Code. Electrical wires and cables and optical fiber cables shall be
listed and labeled as suitable for use in plenums and shall have a flame spread
distance not greater than five (5) feet (1,524 mm), an average optical density not
greater than 0.15, and a peak optical density not greater than 0.5, when tested in
accordance with NFPA 262, Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for
use in air handling spaces.

(5)Nonmetallic fire sprinkler piping in plenums shall be listed and labeled

as suitable for use in plenums and shall have a flame spread distance not greater
than five (5) feet (1,524 mm), an average optical density not greater than 0.15
and, a peak optical density not greater than 0.5, when tested in accordance with
UL 1887, Fire Test of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Visible Flame and Smoke
Characteristics.

(6)Nonmetallic pneumatic tubing in plenums shall be listed and labeled as

suitable for use in plenums and shall have a flame spread distance not greater
than five (5) feet (1,524mm), an average optical density not greater than 0.15,
and a peak optical density not greater than 0.5, when tested in accordance with
UL 1820, Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and Smoke
Characteristics.Loud speakers and recessed lighting fixtures, including their
assemblies and accessories, in plenums shall be listed and labeled as suitable for
use in plenums and shall have a peak rate of heat release not greater than 100
kilowatts, an average optical density not greater than 0.15, and a peak optical
density not greater than 0.5 when tested in accordance with UL 2043 Fire Test
 for Heat and Visible Smoke Release for Discrete Products and their in Air-
Handling

(7)Loudspeakers and recessed Accessories Installed Spaces

(8)Smoke detectors.

(9)Duct insulation, coverings, and linings and other supplementary

materials complying with 605.0.

10) Materials in a Group H, H-5, fabrication area including the areas above
and below the fabrication area sharing a common air re-circulation path with the
fabrication area.

602.3 Factory Made Air Ducts. Factory made air ducts shall be approved for
the use intended or shall conform to the requirements of the referenced standard for
air ducts in Chapter 29. Each portion of a factory made air duct system shall be
identified by the manufacturer with a label or other suitable compliance with
identification indicating referenced standard for air ducts in Chapter 29 and its class
designation.These ducts shall be listed and shall be installed in accordance with the
terms of their listing and the requirements of UMC Standard No. 65. Flexible air
connectors are not permitted

602.3.1 projects and including clinics and supply, return or exhaust air
terminal devices to rigid duct systems. Where constant volume, variable volume
or mixing boxes are utilized, flexible duct of not more than 10 feet (3048 mm),
may be used on the inlet side for alignment. An internal impervious liner shall
be provided to isolate insulation material from conditioned air.

602.4 Joints and Seams of Ducts. Joints of duct by systems shall be made
substantially airtight by means of tapes, mastics, gasketing, or other means.

Crimp joints for round ducts shall have a contact lap of at least 11/2 inch (38
mm) and shall be mechanically fastened by means of at least three (3) sheet metal
screws equally spaced around the joint, or an equivalent fastening method.

Joints and seams for 0.016 inch (0.41 mm) (No. 28 gauge) and 0.013 inch (0.33
mm) (No. 30 gauge) residential rectangular ducts shall be as specified in Table 6-1
for 0.019 inch (0.48 mm) (No. 26 gauge) material.

Joints and seams for rectangular duct systems shall be as specified in Table 6-1.
Joints and seams for flat oval ducts and round ducts in other than single dwelling
units shall be as specified in Table 6-8. Joints and seams and all reinforcements for
factory made air ducts and plenums shall meet with the conditions of prior approval
in accordance with the installation instructions that shall accompany the product.
Closure systems for rigid air ducts and plenums shall be listed in accordance with
UL 181A, Standard for Closure Systems for Use with Rigid Air for Ducts and Air
Connectors.Closure systems for flexible air ducts shall be listed in accordance with
UL 181B, Standard for Closure Systems for Use with Flexible Air Ducts and Air
Connectors.
 602.5 Metal. Every duct, plenum, or fitting of metal shall comply with Table 6-
1 or 6-8.

Exceptions:

(1) Ducts, plenums, and fittings for systems serving single dwelling units
may comply comply with Table 6-9. complying with UMC

(2)Duct systems duct Standard 62 or the referenced HVAC d construction

standard in Chapter 29with prior approval, or duct systems Complying with UL
181, Standard for Factory Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors.

(1) Duct systems complying with the UMC Standard 62 or the referenced
HVAC duct construction standard in Chapter 29, with prior approval.

602.6 Vibration Isolators

Vibration isolators installed between mechanical equipment and metal ducts

(or casings) shall be made of an approved material and shall not exceed ten (10)
inches (254 mm) in length.

603.0 Quality of Material. Galvanized steel shall be of lock forming quality with a
minimum coating of 1.25 ounces of zinc per square 3 foot (0.04 kg/m ) conforming
to the requirements of UMC Standard No. 22.

604.0 Installation of Ducts.

604.1 General. Air ducts installed under a floor in a crawl space shall be
installed so as to maintain a vertical clearance of eighteen (18) inches for all
portions of the duct that would obstruct access any part of the crawl space.

604.2 Metal Ducts. Ducts shall be securely fastened in place at each change of
direction and as set forth in Table 6-7. Vertical rectangular ducts and vertical round
ducts shall be supported as set forth in Table 6-7, Part A. Riser ducts shall be held in
place by means of metal straps or angles and channels to secure the riser to the
structure.

Metal ducts shall be installed with at least four (4) inches (102 mm) separation
from earth. Metal ducts when installed in or under a concrete slab shall be encased
in at least two (2) inches (51 mm) of concrete.

Ducts shall be installed in a building with adequate clearance so as to permit

retaining the full thickness of fireproofing on structural members.

Supports for rectangular ducts as set forth in Table 6-7, when suspended from
above, shall be installed on two opposite sides of each duct and shall be riveted,
bolted, or metal screwed to each side of the duct at not more than the intervals
specified.
 Horizontal round ducts forty (40) inches (1,016 mm) or less in diameter when
suspended from above shall be supported at intervals not more than as set forth in
Table 6-7 with one hanger installed to comply with the requirements listed below

604.2.1 Ducts shall be equipped with tight fitting circular bands

extending around the entire perimeter of the duct at each specified support
interval.

604.2.2 Circular bands shall be not less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm)
wide nor less than equivalent to the gauge of the duct material it supports.
Exception: Ducts ten (10) inches (254 mm) and less in diameter may be
supported by No. 18 gauge galvanized steel wire.

604.2.3 Each circular band shall be provided with a suitable means of

connecting to the suspending support.

604.2.4 Ducts shall be braced and guyed to prevent lateral or horizontal

swing.

604.3 Factory Made Air Ducts. Listed Class 0 or Class 1 factory made air
ducts may be installed in any occupancy covered by this code. Factory made air
ducts shall not be used for vertical risers in air duct systems serving more than
two stories. Such ducts shall not penetrate construction where fire dampers are
required. Factory made air ducts shall be installed with at least Tour (4) inches
(102 mm) of separation from earth except when installed as a liner inside of
concrete tile, or metal pipe; they shall be protected from physical damage. The
temperature of the air to be conveyed in any of these classes of ducts shall not
exceed 250°F (122°C).

604.4 Protection of Ducts. Ducts installed in locations where they are

exposed to mechanical damage by vehicles or from other causes shall be
protected by approved barriers.

604.5 Support of Ducts. Installers shall provide the manufacturer's field

fabrication and installation instructions. In the absence of specific supporting
materials and spacing, approved factory made air ducts may be installed as set
forth in Table 6-10.

604.6 Protection Against Flood Damage. In flood hazard areas, ducts

shall be located above the design flood elevation or shall be designed and
constructed to prevent water from entering or accumulating within the ducts
during floods up to the design flood elevation. If the ducts are located below the
design flood elevation, the ducts shall be capable of resisting hydrostatic and
hydrodynamic loads and stresses, including the effects of buoyancy, during the
occurrence of flooding to the design flood elevation.

605.0 Insulation of Ducts. Supply and return air ducts and plenums of a
cooling system shall be insulated to achieve the minimum thermal (R) value as set
forth in Tables 6-6 A and B. Cold air ducts shall be insulated wherever necessary or
to prevent condensation problems.
 Approved materials shall be installed within ducts and plenums for insulating,
sound deadening, or other purposes. Materials have a mold shall humidity, and
erosion resistant surface that meets the requirements of the referenced standard for
air ducts in Chapter 29. Duct liners in systems operating with air velocities
exceeding 2000 feet per minute (10.16 m/s) shall be fastened with both adhesive and
mechanical fasteners, and exposed edges shall have adequate treatment to withstand
the operating velocity.
Insulation applied to the surface of ducts, including duct coverings, linings,
tapes, located in buildings shall have a flame spread index not greater than twenty-
five (25) and a smoke developed index not greater than fifty (50),when tested in
accordance with NFPA 255, Method of Test of Burning Characteristics of Building
Materials, or in accordance with ASTM E 84, Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building Materials, accordance with the provisions of UL 723, Test for Burning
Characteristics Materials. The specimen preparation and mounting procedures of
ASTME 2231, Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulation
Materials to Assess Surface Burning Characteristics, shall be used. Air duct
coverings and linings shall not flame glow, smolder, or smoke when tested in
accordance with ASTM C 411, Hot Surface Performance of High Temperature
Thermal Insulation, at the temperature to which they are exposed in service. In no
case shall the test temperature be below 250°F (121°C).

Factory made air ducts and faced insulation intended for installation on the exterior
of ducts shall be legibly printed with the name of the manufacturer, the thermal
resistance (R) value at installed thickness, and the flame spread index and smoke
developed index of the composite material.

605.1 Thermal acoustical lining materials shall not be installed within

ducts, terminal boxes, sound traps, and other induct systems serving areas such
as operating, cesarean operating rooms, delivery rooms, post anesthesia care
units, cystoscopy, cardiac cath labs, nurseries, intensive care units, newborn
intensive care units, and airborne infection. Isolation rooms unless terminal
filters with 90 percent average efficiency based on ASHRAE Standard 52.2-
1992 or minimum efficiency rating value (MERV) of 14 are installed
downstream of the duct lining.

605.2 Thermal or acoustical lining materials shall not be installed within

ducts which are downstream of the 99.97 percent high efficiency particulate air
(HEPA) filter or with minimum efficiency rating value (MERV) of 17 required
in Section 401.0 for protective environment rooms.

606.0 Smoke Dampers, Fire Dampers, and Ceiling Dampers.

606.1 Smoke Dampers. Smoke dampers shall comply with the standards
for leakage rated dampers referenced in Chapter 29, and shall be approved when
installed in accordance with manufacturer' installation instructions required by
the Building Code. Smoke dampers shall be labeled by an approved agency.

606.2 Fire Dampers. Fire dampers shall comply with the standard for fire
dampers referenced in Chapter 29, and shall be installed in accordance with the
approved manufacturer's installation when required by the Building Code. Fire
dampers shall have been tested for closure under airflow conditions and shall be
labeled for both maximum airflow permitted and direction of flow. When more
than one damper is installed at a point in a single air path, the entire airflow
shall be assumed to be passing through the smallest damper area. Fire than one
damper is installed at a point in a single air to be Fire dampers shall be labeled
by an approved agency. Duct-work shall be connected to damper sleeves or
assemblies in accordance with the fire damper manufacturer's installation
instructions.

606.3 Ceiling Radiation Dampers. Ceiling radiation dampers shall comply

with the standard for ceiling radiation dampers referenced in Chapter 29, and
shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers approved installation
instructions in the fire resistive ceiling element of floor ceiling and roof ceiling
assemblies when required by the Building Code. Fire dampers not meeting the
temperature limitation of ceiling radiation dampers shall not be used as a
substitute. Ceiling radiation dampers shall be labeled by an approved agency.

606.4 Multiple Arrangements. When size requires the use of multiple

dampers, the installation remain in place.

606.5 Access and Identification. Dampers shat provided with an approved

means of access large enough to permit inspection and maintenance of the
damper and its operating parts. The access shall impair fire resistive
construction. Access shall require the use of tools, keys, or special knowledge
Access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label with
letters not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) in height reading: SMOKE DAMPER or
FIRE DAMPER. Access doors in ducts shall be tight fitting and suitable for the
required duct construction.

606.6 Freedom from Interference. Dampers shall be installed in a manner

to ensure positive closing or opening as required by function. Interior liners or
insulation shall be held back from portions of a damper, its sleeve, or adjoining
duct that would interfere with the damper's proper operation. Exterior materials
shall be installed so as to avoid interference with the operation or maintenance
of external operating devices needed for function. proper

606.7 Temperature Classification of Operating Elements. Fusible links,

thermal sensors, and pneumatic or electric operators shall have a temperature
rating or classification as required by the Building Code.

606.8 When the automatic activation of a smoke damper or a combination

smoke fire damper occur, the HVAC system serving such dampers shall
immediately shut down.

Exceptions:

1. HVAC systems that are part of an engineered smoke evacuation

system.
 2.Where the automatic activation causes all the smoke dampers and
combination smoke fire dampers to close in the enclosed space having a
openings are required to be protected.

3.Where analysis demonstrates shutoff would create a greater hazard.

The HVAC system shall Common atmosphere where shall not be restarted
again until all the dampers are reset and fully opened.

607.0 Ventilating Ceilings.

607.1 General. Perforated ceilings may be used for air supply within the
limitations of this section. Exit corridors, when required to be of fire resistive
construction by the Building Code, shall not have ventilating ceilings.

607.1.1 Ventilating ceilings are not permitted in health facilities.

607.2Requirements. Ventilating ceilings shall comply with the following

provisions:

607.2.1 Suspended ventilating ceiling material shall have a Class I

flame spread classification on both sides, determined in accordance with the
Building Code. Suspended ventilating ceiling supports shall be of
noncombustible materials.

607.2.2 Lighting fixtures recessed into supports shall be of

noncombustible materials. ventilating ceilings shall be of a type approved
for that purpose.

608.0 Use of Under Floor Space as Supply Plenum. An underfloor space may
be used as a supply plenum, provided:

608.1 The use of under floor space shall be limited to not more than two
stories in height. Except for the floor immediately above the under floor
plenum, supply ducts shall be provided extending from the plenum to registers
on other floor levels. Exception: In flood hazard areas, under floor spaces shall
not be used as supply plenums unless the flood opening requirements in the
Building Code are satisfied.

608.2 Such spaces shall be cleaned of all loose combustible scrap material
and shall be tightly and substantially enclosed.

608.3 The enclosing material of the under floor space, including the
sidewall insulation, shall be not more flammable than one (1) inch (25.4 mm)
(nominal) wood boards (flame spread index of 200. Installation of foam plastics
is regulated by the Building Code.

608.4 Access shall be through an opening in the floor and shall be not less
than twenty-four (24) inches by twenty-four (24) inches (610 mm x 610 mm).
 608.5 A noncombustible receptacle shall be placed below each floor
opening into the air chamber, and such receptacle shall conform to the
following:

608.5.1 The receptacle shall be securely suspended from the floor

members and shall be not more than eighteen (18) inches (457 mm) below
the floor opening.

608.5.2 The area of the receptacle shall extend three (3) inches (76
mm) beyond the opening on all sides.

608.5.3 The perimeter of the receptacle shall have a vertical lip at least
one (1) inch (25.4 mm) high at the open sides if it is at the level of the
bottom of the joists, or three (3) inches (76 mm) high if the receptacle is
suspended.

608.6 Floor registers shall be designed for easy removal in order to give access
for cleaning the receptacles.

608.7 Exterior walls and interior stud partitions shall be fire stopped at the
floor.

608.8 Each wall register shall be connected to the air chamber by a register box
or boot.

608.9 The entire ground surface of the under floor space shall be covered with a
vapor barrier having a minimum thickness of four (4) mils (0.1016 mm) and a flame
spread index of 200 or less.

608.10 Fuel gas lines and plumbing waste clean outs are not located within the
space.

609.0 Automatic Shutoffs. Air moving systems supplying air in excess of

2,000 cubic feet per minute (944 L/s) to enclosed spaces within buildings shall be
equipped with an automatic shut-off. Automatic shutoff shall be accomplished by
interrupting the power source of the air moving equipment upon detection of smoke
in the main supply air duct served by such equipment. Smoke detectors shall be UL
approved for air duct installation and shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's approved installation instructions. Such devices shall be compatible
with the operating velocities, pressures, temperatures, and humidity of the system.
Where fire detection or alarm systems are provided for the building, the smoke
detectors required by this section shall be supervised by such systems and installed
in accordance with NFPA 72 and the Building and Fire Codes.
 Exceptions:

(1) When the space supplied by the air moving equipment is served by a total
coverage smoke detection system complying with the Fire Code, interconnection to
such system may be used to accomplish the required shutoff.

(2) Automatic shutoff is not required when all occupied rooms served by the air
handling equipment have direct exit to the exterior and the travel distance does not
exceed 100 feet (30,480 mm).

(3) Automatic shutoff is not required for Group R, Division 3 and Group U
Occupancy.

(4) Automatic shutoff is not required for approved smoke control systems or
where analysis demonstrates shutoff would create a greater hazard, such as may be
encountered in air moving equipment supplying specialized portions of Group H
Occupancy. Such equipment shall be required to have smoke detection with remote
indication and manual shutoff capability at an approved location.(5) Smoke
detectors that are factory installed in listed air moving equipment may be used in
lieu of smoke detectors installed in the main supply air duct served by such
equipment.

610.0 Referenced Publications. The documents or portions of this chapter have

been reproduced from the California Mechanical Code 2007 and NFPA Standards.
 CHAPTER 7

AIR VENTILATION FOR COMBUSTION.

701.0 Air for Combustion and Ventilation.

701.1 General.

701.1.1 Air for combustion, ventilation, and dilution of flue gases for gas
utilization equipment installed in buildings shall be gas obtained by application
of one of the methods covered in Sections 701.2 through 701.8.3. Gas
utilization equipment of other than natural draft and Category I vented
appliances shall be and provided with combustion, ventilation, and dilution air
in accordance with the equipment manufacturer's instructions. Where
infiltration does not provide the necessary air, outdoor air shall be introduced in
accordance with methods covered in Sections 701.4 through 701.8.3.

Exceptions:(1) This provision shall not apply to direct- vent appliances. (2)
Type 1 clothes dryers that are provided with makeup air in accordance with
Section 504.3.2.

701.1.2 Gas appliances of other than natural draft design and other than
Category I vented appliances shall be provided with combustion, ventilation,
and dilution air in accordance with the appliance [NFPA 54: 9.3.1.2].
manufacturer's instructions.

701.1.3 Where used, a draft hood or a barometric draft regulator shall be

installed in the same room or enclosure as the equipment served so as to prevent
any difference in pressure between the hood or regulator and the combustion-air
supply. [NFPA 54: 9.3.1.4].

701.1.4 Makeup air requirements for the operation of exhaust fans, kitchen
ventilation systems, clothes dryers, and fireplaces shall be considered in
determining the adequacy of a space to provide combustion-air requirements.
[NFPA 54: 9.3.1.5].

701.2 Indoor Combustion Air. The required volume of indoor air shall be
determined in accordance with the method in section 701.2.1 or 701.2.1.1, except
that where the air infiltration rate is known to be less than 0.40 ACH, the method in
Section 701.2.1.1 shall be used. The total required volume shall be the Sum of the
required volume calculated for all appliances located within the space. Rooms
communicating directly with the space in which the appliances are installed through
openings not furnished with doors, and through combustion air openings sized and
located in accordance with Section 701.3.1, are considered a part of the required
volume. [NFPA 54: 9.3.2].

701.2.1 Standard Method. The minimum required volume shall be fifty

(50) cubic feet per 1,000 Btu/hour(4.8 m /kW) [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.1].
 701.2.1.1 Known Air Infiltration Rate Method Equations.

a)Required Volume other ≥ (21 ft.3/ ACH) x I other 1,000 Btu/hr) Equation 701.2.1.1

b)Required Volume fan ≥ (15 ft3./ACH) x (I fan/1,000 Btu/h.)

WHERE : Iother = all other appliances other than fan-assisted input in Btu per
hour fan-assisted appliance other input in Btu per hour

ACH = air change per hour (percent of volume of space exchanged

per hour, expressed as a decimal)

701.2.2 Known Air Infiltration Rate Method. Where the air infiltration
rate of a structure is known, the minimum required volume shall be determined
as follows [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.21:

(1) For appliances having other than fan- assisted combustion systems:
calculate using equation 701.2.1.1(a) but no smaller than thirty-five (35) cubic
feet 3 per 1,000 Btu/hour (3.4 m /kW). [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.2(1)]

(2) For fan-assisted combustion system appliances: calculate using equation

701.2.1.1(b) but no smaller than twenty- five (25) cubic feet per 1000 Btu/hour
3 (2.4 m /kW). [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.2(2)].

(3) For purposes of this calculation, an infiltration rate greater than

0.60ACH shall not be used in the equations. [NFPA 54:9.3.2.2 (3)].

701.3 Indoor Opening Size and Location.

701.3.1 Openings used to connect indoor spaces shall be sized and located in
accordance with the following [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.3]:

(1) Combining spaces on the same story. Each opening shall have a minimum
free area of 1in./1,000 Btu/h. (220 2 3 mm /kW) of the total input rating of all gas
utilization equipment in the space, 2 but not less than 100 in. (0.06 m ).One opening
shall commence within twelve (12) inches (300 mm) of the top, and one opening
shall commence within twelve (12)in. (300 mm) of the bottom of the enclosure. (See
Figure 7-1.) The minimum dimension of air openings shall be not less than three (3)
inches (80 mm). [NFPA 54: 9.3.2.3(1)]

(2) Combining spaces in different stories. The volumes of spaces in different

considered stories shall communicating spaces where such spaces are connected by
one or more openings in doors or floors having a be as 2 total minimum free area of
2 in. /1,000 Btu/h (4,400 mm /kw) of total input rating of all gas utilization
equipment. [NFPA 54:9.3.2.3(2)].

701.4 Outdoor Combustion combustion air shall be provided through opening( s)

to the outdoors in accordance with the methods in Section 701.4.1 or 701.4.2. The
minimum dimension of air openings shall not be less than three (3) inches (80mm).
[NFPA 54:9.3.3].
 701.4.1 Two Permanent Openings Method. Two permanent openings one
commencing within twelve (12) inches (300 mm) of the top within twelve (12)
inches(300 mm) of the bottom of the enclosure, and one commencing shall the
openings provided. communicate directly, or by shall be The ducts with
outdoors or spaces that freely communicate with the outdoors, as follows
[NFPA 54:9.3.3.1]:

(1) Where directly communicating with the outdoors or where

communicating to the outdoors through vertical ducts, each opening shall have
a minimum 2 free area of 1in. 14,000 Btu/h (550 2 mm /kWV) of total input
rating of all the enclosure. (See 7-3) equipment in Figures7-2 54:9.3.3.1(1)].

(2) Where and [INFPA with the communicating outdoors through

horizontal ducts, each opening shall have a minimum free 2 area 2 of 1 in.
/2,000 Btu/h (1,100 mm /kW) of total input rating of all equipment in the
enclosure. (See Figure 7-4.) [NFPA 54:9.3.3.1(2)].

701.4.2 One Permanent Opening Method. One permanent opening,

commencing within twelve (12) inches (300 mm) of the top of the enclosure,
shall be provided. The equipment shall have clearances of at least one (1) inch
(25 mm) from the sides and back and six (6) inches (160 mm) from the front of
the appliance. The opening shall directly communicate with the outdoors or
shall communicate through a vertical or horizontal duct to the outdoors or
spaces that freely Communicate with the outdoors (see Figure 7-5) and shall
have a minimum free area of [NFPA 54: 9.3.3.2]. (1) 1 in. 13,000 Btu/h (700
mm /kW) of the total input rating of all equipment located in the enclosure, and
(2) Not less than the sum of the areas of all vent connectors in the space. [NFPA
54:9.3.3.2]

701.5 Combination Indoor and Outdoor Combustion Air. The use of a

combination of indoor and outdoor combustion air shall be in accordance with
Sections 701.5.1 through 701.5.3. [NFPA 54:9.3.4].

701.5.1Indoor Openings. Where used, openings connecting the interior

spaces shall with Section 701.3.1. [NFPA comply 54:9.3.4(1)]

701.5.2 Outdoor opening(s) shall be located in Section 701.4. accordance

with [NFPA 54:9.3.4(2)

701.5.3 Outdoor Opening(s) Size. The outdoor opening(s) size shall be

calculated in accordance with the following [NFPA 54:9.3.4(3)].:

(1) The ratio of interior spaces shall be the available volume of all
communicating divided by the required spaces volume.[NFPA 54:9.3.4(3)
(a)].

(2) The outdoor size reduction factor shall be 1 minus the ratio of interior spaces.
[NFPA 54:9.3.4(3)(b)].
 (3) The minimum size of outdoor opening(s) shall be the full size of
outdoor opening(s) calculated in accordance with multiplied The dimension of
air openings shall not be (3) Section reduction 701.4, by the factor. minimum
less than three inches (80 mm).[NFPA 54:9.3.4(3)(c)].

701.6 Engineered Installations. Engineered combustion air installations shall

provide adequate supply of combustion, ventilation, and dilution and dilution air
and shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. [NFPA 54:9.3.51.

701.7 Mechanical Combustion Air Supply. Where all combustion air is

provided by a mechanical air supply system the combustion air shall be supplied
from outdoors at the minimum rate of 0.35 feet /min per 1,000 Btu/h (0.034 m /min
per kW) for all appliances 3 located within the space. [NFPA 54:9.3.6].

701.8 Mechanical Combustion Air Requirements.

701.8.1 Where exhaust fans are installed, are additional air shall be
provided to replace the exhausted air. [NFPA 54:9.3.6.1].

701.8.2 Each of the appliances served shall be interlocked to the

mechanical air supply system to prevent main burner operation where the
mechanical air supply system is not in operation. [NFPA 54:9.3.6.2].

701.8.3 Where combustion air is provided by the building's mechanical

ventilation system, the system shall provide the specified combustion air rate in
addition to the required ventilation air. [NFPA 54:9.3.6.3]

701.9 Louvers, Grilles and Screens

(A) Louvers and openings for Grilles. The required size of combustion,
ventilation, and dilution air shall be based on the net free area of the free area
through a and each opening. Where design of louver, grille or screen is known,
it shall be used in calculating the size opening required to provide the free area
specified. Where the louver and grille design and free area are not known, it
shall be assumed that wood louvers will have a 25 percent free area and metal
louvers and grilles will have a 75 percent free area. Non-motorized louvers and
grilles shall be fixed in the open position. [NFPA 54:9.3.7.1].

(B) Minimum Screen Mesh Size. Screens shall not be smaller 54:9.3.7.2].

(C) Motorized Louvers. Motorized louvers shall be interlocked with the

equipment so they are proven in the full open position prior to main than 1/4-inch
mesh. [NFPA burner ignition and during main burner burner operation. Means shall
be provided to prevent the main burner from igniting should the louver fail to open
during burner start up and to shut down the main burner if the louvers close during
burner operation. [NFPA 54:9.3.7.31.

701.10 Combustion Air Ducts. Combustion air ducts shall comply with the
following [NFPA 54:9.3.8]:
(1) Ducts shall be of galvanized steel or a material having equivalent corrosion
resistance, strength, and rigidity. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.1]

(2) Ducts shall terminate in an unobstructed space, allowing free movement of

combustion air to the appliances. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.2].

(3) Ducts shall serve a single space. [NFPA (3) 54:9.3.8.3].

(4) Ducts shall not service both upper and lower combustion air openings where
both such openings are used. The separation between ducts serving upper and lower
combustion-air openings shall be maintained to the source of combustion air.
[NFPA 54:9.3.8.4].

(5) Ducts terminating in attics shall not be screened. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.5].

(6) Intakes for combustion-air ducts located exterior to the building shall have the
lowest side of the combustion-air intake openings located at least twelve (12) inches
vertically from the adjoining grade level. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.8].

(7) Horizontal upper combustion-air ducts shall not slope downward toward the
source of combustion air. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.6].

(8) The remaining space surrounding a chimney liner, gas vent, special gas vent,
or plastic piping installed within a masonry chimney flue metal or factory-built
chimney shall not be used to supply combustion air unless it is listed and shown in
the manufacturer's installation instructions. [NFPA 54:9.3.8.7].

701.11 Dampers Prohibited. Combustion-air ducts or plenums shall not be

installed so as to require openings in or penetrations through construction where fire
dampers are required. Manually operated dampers shall not be installed in
combustion-air openings. movable louvers admitting combustion air may be used
and, if installed, shall be electrically interlocked with the main burner fuel-supply
valve so as to prevent fuel delivery unless the louvers are in the fully open position.
With prior approval, power-actuated

702.0 Referenced Publications. The documents or portions of this chapter have

been reproduced from the California Mechanical Code 2007 and NFPA Standards.
 CHAPTER 8

CHIMNEYS AND VENTS

801.0 Scope. The requirements of this chapter shall govern the venting of fuel
burning appliances.

801.1 Venting of Gas Appliances. Low heat gas appliances shall be vented in
accordance with this chapter. Other gas appliances shall be vented in accordance
with NFPA 211 or other applicable standards.

801.2 Appliances Fueled by Other Fuels. Appliances fueled by fuels other

than gas shall be vented in accordance with NFPA 211 and the appliance
manufacturer's instructions.

802.0 General.

802.1 This section recognizes that the choice of venting materials and the
methods of installation of venting systems are dependent on the operating
characteristics of the gas utilization equipment. The operating characteristics of
vented gas utilization equipment can be categorized with respect to (1) positive or
negative pressure within the venting system, and (2) whether or not the equipment
generates flue or vent gases that can condense in the venting system. See Section
224.0 for the definition of these vented appliance categories. [NFPA 54:12.2]

802.2 Specification for Venting.

802.2.1 Connection to Venting Systems. Except as permitted in Section

802.2.2 through 802.2.6, all gas utilization equipment shall be connected to
venting systems. [NFPA 54:12.3.1]

802.2.2 Equipment Not Required to Be Vented. The following equipment

shall not be required to be vented [NFPA 54:12.3.2]:

802.2.2.1 Listed ranges. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(1)]

802.2.2.2 Built-in domestic cooking units listed and marked for

optional venting. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(2)]

802.2.2.3 Listed hot plates and listed laundry stoves. [NFPA

54:12.3.2(3)]

802.2.2.4 Listed Type 1 clothes dryers exhausted in accordance with

Section 804.3.2.[NFPA 54:12.3.2(4)]1 booster type

802.2.2.5 A single listed (automatic instantaneous) water heater, when

designed and used solely for the sanitizing dish washing machine, provided
 that the equipment is installed with the draft hood in place and unaltered, if
a draft hood is required, in a commercial kitchen having a mechanical
exhaust system; where installed in this manner, the draft hood outlet shall
not be less than thirty-six (36) inches (910 mm) vertically and six (6) inches
(150 mm) horizontally from any surface other than the equipment. [NFPA
54:12.3.2(5)]

802.2.2.6 Listed refrigerators. 54:12.3.2(6)] [NFPA

802.2.2.7 Counter appliances. [NFPPA 54:12.3.2(7)]

802.2.2.8 Room heaters listed for unvented use (see Sections 924.1 and
924.2). [NFPA 54:12.3.2(8))

802.2.2.9 Direct gas fired makeup air heaters. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(9)]

802.2.2.10 Other equipment unvented use and not provided with flue
collars. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(10)] listed for

802.2.2.11 Specialized equipment of limited input such as laboratory

burners or gas lights. [NFPA 54:12.3.2(11)] Where any or all of this
equipment in Sections 802.2.2.5 through 802.2.2.11 is installed so the
aggregate input rating 3 3 exceeds 20 Btu/h/ft. (207 W/m) of room or space
in which it is installed, one or more shall be provided with venting systems
or other approved means for removing the vent gases to the outside
atmosphere so the aggregate input rating of the remaining unvented
equipment does not exceed 20 Btu/h/ft (207 W/m). Where the calculation
includes the volume of an adjacent room or the space, the room or space in
which the equipment is installed shall be directly connected to the adjacent
room or space by a doorway, archway, or other opening of comparable size
that cannot be closed. [NFPA 54:12.3.1]

802.2.3 Ventilating Hoods. Ventilating hoods and exhaust systems shall be

permitted to be used to vent gas utilization equipment installed in commercial
applications (see Section 802.3.5) and to vent industrial equipment, particularly
where the process itself requires fume disposal. [NFPA 54:12.3.3]

802.2.4 Well Ventilated Spaces. The operation of industrial gas utilization

equipment such that its flue gases are discharged directly into a large and well
ventilated space shall be permitted. [NFPA 54:12.3.4]

802.2.5 Direct Vent Equipment. Listed direct vent gas utilization

equipment shall be considered properly vented where installed in accordance
with the terms of its listing, the manufacturers' instructions, and Section 802.8.3

802.2.6 Equipment with Integral Vents. Gas utilization equipment

incorporating integral venting means shall be considered properly vented where
installed in accordance with its listing, the manufacturers' instructions,and
Sections 802.8.1 and 802.8.2. [NFPA 54:12.3.6
802.3 Design and Construction.

802.3.1 Minimum Safe Performance. A venting system shall be designed

and constructed so as to develop a positive flow adequate to remove flue or vent
gases to the outside atmosphere. [NFPA 54:12.1]

802.3.2 Equipment Draft Requirements. A venting requirements of the

equipment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA system
shall satisfy the draft 54:12.4.1] Construction. Gas

802.3.3 Design utilization equipment required to be vented shall be

connected to a venting system designed and installed in accordance with the
provisions of Sections and 802.4 through 802.15. [NFPA 54:12.4.2]

802.3.4 Mechanical Draft Systems.

802.3.4.1 Mechanical draft systems shall be listed and shall be installed

in accordance with the terms of their listing and both the appliance and the
mechanical draft system manufacturers' instructions. NFPA 54:12.4.3.1]

802.3.4.2 Gas utilization equipment requiring venting shall be

permitted to be vented by means of mechanical draft systems of either
forced or induced draft design. [NFPA 54:12.4.3.2]

Exception: Incinerators.

802.3.4.3 Forced draft systems and all portions of induced draft

systems under positive pressure during operation shall be designed and
installed so as to prevent leakage of flue or vent gases into a building.
[NFPA 54:12.4.3.3]

802.3.4.4 Vent Connectors serving equipment vented by natural draft

shall not be connected into any portion of mechanical draft systems
operating under positive pressure. [NFPA54:12.4.3.4]

802.3.4.5 Where a mechanical draft system is employed, provision

shall be made to prevent the flow of gas to the main burners when the draft
system is not performing so as to satisfy the operating requirements of the
equipment for safe performance. [NFPA 54:12.4.3.5]

802.3.4.6 The exit terminals of mechanical draft systems shall benot

less than (7)feet (2.1 m) above grade where located seven located as
specified in Sections 802.8.1 and adjacent to public walkways and shall be
802.8.2. [NFPA 54:12.4.3.6]

802.3.5 Ventilating Hoods and Exhaust Systems.

 802.3.5.1 Exhaust Ventilating hoods and exhaust systems shall be
permitted to be used to vent gas utilization equipment installed in
Commercial applications. [NFPA 54:12.4.4.1]

802.3.5.2 Where automatically operated gas utilization equipment is

vented through a ventilating hood equipped with a damper or with a power
means of exhaust, provisions shall be made to allow the flow of gas to the
main burners only when the damper is open to a position to propely vent
the equipment and when the power means of exhaust is in operation.
[NFPA 54:12.4.4.2] or exhaust system

802.3.6 Circulating Air Ducts and Furnace Plenums. No portion of a

venting system shall extend into or pass through any circulating air duct or
furnace plenum. [NFPA 54:12.4.5.11

802.4 Type of Venting System to Be Used.

802.4.1The type of venting system to be used shall be in accordance with

Table 8-1. [NFPA 54:12.5.1]

802.4.2 Plastic Piping.Plastic piping used for venting equipment listed for
use with such venting materials shall be approved. [NFPA 54:12.5.2]

802.4.3 Special Gas Vent. A special gas vent shall be listed and installed in
accordance with the terms of the special gas vent listing and the manufacturers'
instructions. [NFPA 54:12.5.31

802.5 Masonry, Metal, and Factory Built Chimneys.

802.5.1 Listing or Construction.

802.5.1.1 Factory built chimneys shall be installed in accordance with

their listing and the manufacturers' instructions. Factory built be chimneys
used to vent appliances that operate at positive vent pressure shall be such
listed application. [NFPA for 54:12.6.1.1]

802.5.1.2 Metal chimneys shall be built and Standard for Chimneys,

Fireplaces, Vents, installed in accordance with NFPA 211, and Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances. [NFPA 54:12.6.1.2]

802.5.1.3 Masonry chimneys shall be built and installed in accordance

with NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel
Burning Appliances, and lined with an approved clay flue lining, a listed
chimney lining system, or other approved material that will resist
corrosion, erosion, softening, or cracking from vent gases at temperatures
up to 1,800F (982C). [NFPA 54:12.6.1.3]

Exception:
Masonry chimney flues lined with a chimney lining system
specifically listed for use with listed gas appliances with draft
 hoods, Category appliances,and other gas appliances listed for use
with Type B vents shall be permitted. The liner shall be installed in
accordance with the liner manufacturer's instructions and the terms
of the listing. A permanent identifying label shall be attached at the
point where the Connection is to be made to the liner. The label
shall read: This chimney liner is for appliances that burn gas only.
Do not connect to solid or liquid fuel burning appliances or
incinerators."

802.5.2 Termination.

802.5.2.1 A chimney for residential type or low-heat gas utilization

equipment shall extend at least three (3) feet (0.9 m) above the highest
point where it passes through a roof of a building and at least two (2) feet
(0.6 m) higher than any portion of a building within a horizontal distance of
ten (10) feet (3.0 m). (See Figure 8-1.) NFPA 54:12.6.2.1]

802.5.2.2 A chimney for medium heat equipment shall extend at least

ten (10) feet any (3.0 m) higher than any portion of any building within
twenty-five (25) feet (7.6 m). [NFPA 54:12.6.2.2]
 802.5.2.3 A chimney shall extend at least five (5) feet (1.5 m) above
the highest connected equipment draft hood outlet or flue collar. [NFPA
54:12.6.2.3]

802.5.2.4 Decorative shrouds shall not be installed at the termination of

factory chimneys except where such shrouds are listed and labeled for use
with the specific built factory built chimney system and are installed in
accordance with manufacturers installation instructions. [NFPA
54:12.6.2.4]
 802.5.3 Size of Chimneys. The effective area of a chimney venting system
serving listed gas appliances with draft hoods, appliances, and other appliances
listed for use with Type B vents shall be in accordance with Category one of the
following methods NFPA 54:12.6.3.1]:

(1) Section 803.0. [NFPA 54:12.6.3.1 (1 11

(2) For sizing an individual chimney venting system for a single appliance
with a draft hood, the effective areas of the vent connector and chimney flue
shall be not less than the area of the appliance flue collar or draft hood outlet or
greater than seven times the draft hood outlet area [NFPA 54:12.6.3. 1 (2)]

(3) For sizing a chimney connected to two appliances with draft venting
system hoods, the effective area of the chimney flue shall be not less than the
area of the larger draft hood outlet plus 50 percent of the area of the smaller
draft hood outlet, or greater than seven times the smallest draft hood outlet area.
[NFPA 54:12.6.3.1(3)]

(4) Other [NFPA 54:12.6.3.1 (5)]

(5) Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft shall be sized in

accordance with approved engineering methods. [NFPA 802.5.4.] Where an
incinerator is vented by a chimney serving other gas utilization equipment,
the gas input to the incinerator shall not be included in calculating chimney
Size, provided the chimney flue diameter is not less than one (1) inch (25
mm) larger in equivalent diameter than the diameter of the incinerator flue
outlet. [NFPA 54:12.6.3.2]

802.5.4 Inspection of Chimneys.

802.5.4.1 Before replacing an existing appliance or connecting a vent

connector to a chimney, the chimney passageway shall be examined to ascertain
that it is clear and free of obstructions and shall be cleaned if previously used
for venting solid or liquid fuel burning appliances or fireplaces. [NFPA
54:12.6.4.1]

802.5.4.2 Chimneys shall be lined in accordance with NFPA 211, Standard

for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliances. [NFPA
54:12.6.4.2

802.5.4.3 Clean outs shall be examined to determine they will remain

tightly closed when not in use. [NFPA 54:12.6.4.3]

802.5.4.4 When inspection reveals that an existing chimney is not safe for
the intended application, it shall be repaired, rebuilt, lined, relined, or replaced
with a vent or chimney to conform to NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys,
Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid -Fuel Burning Appliances, and shall be suitable for
the equipment to be attached. [NFPA 54:12.6.4.4]
 802.5.5 Chimney Serving Equipment Burning Other Fuels.

802.5.5.1 Gas utilization equipment shall not be connected to a chimney

flue serving a separate appliance designed to burn solid fuel.

802.5.5.2 Where one chimney serves gas utilization equipment and

equipment burning liquid fuel, the equipment shall be Connected through
separate openings or shall be connected through a single opening where joined
by a suitable fitting located as close as practical to the chimney. Where two or
more openings are provided into one chimney flue, they shall be at different
levels. Where the gas utilization equipment is automatically controlled, it shall
be is equipped with a safety shutoff device.

802.5.5.3 A listed combination gas and solid fuel burning appliance

connected to a single chimney flue shall be equipped with a manual reset device
to shut off gas to the main burner in the event of sustained back draft or flue gas
spillage. The chimney flue shall be sized to properly vent the appliance.

802.5.5.4 A single chimney flue serving a listed combination gas and oil
burning appliance shall be sized to properly vent the appliance.

802.5.6 Support of Chimneys. All portions of chimneys shall be supported for

the design and weight of the materials employed. Listed factory built chimneys shall
be supported and spaced in accordance with their listings and the manufacturers'
instructions.

802.5.7 Clean outs. Where a chimney that formerly carried flue products from
liquid or solid fuel burning appliance using fuel gas, an accessible clean out shall be
provided. The clean out shall have a tight fitting cover and be installed so its upper
edge is at least six (6) inches (150 mm) below the lower edge of the lowest chimney
inlet opening. appliances is used with an 802.5.8 Space Surrounding Lining or Vent.
The remaining space surrounding a chimney liner, gas vent, special gas vent, or
plastic piping installed within a masonry chimney flue shall not be used to vent
another appliance.

Exception: The insertion of another liner or vent within the chimney as

provided in this code and the liner or vent manufacturer's instructions. The
remaining space surrounding a chimney liner, gas vent, special gas vent, or
plastic piping installed within a masonry, metal or factory built chimney flue
shall not be used to supply combustion air.

Exception: Direct vent gas fired appliances designed for installation in a

solid fuel in burning accordance with the listing installed the fireplace where
and manufacturer's instruction. [NFPA 54:10.5]
802.6 Gas Vents.

802.6.1 A gas vent passing through a roof shall extend through the entire
roof flashing, roof jack, or roof thimble and be terminated with a listed
termination cap.

802.6.1.1 Type B or Type L vents shall extend in a generally vertical

direction with offsets not exceeding 45 degrees, except that a vent system
having not more than one 60degree offset shall be permitted. Any angle
greater than 45 degrees from the vertical is considered horizontal. The total
horizontal distance of a vent plus the horizontal vent connector serving
draft hood equipped appliances shall not be greater than 75% of the vertical
height of the vent.

Exception: Systems designed and sized as provided in Section 803.0 or

in accordance with other approved engineering methods. Vents serving
Category fan assisted appliances shall be installed in accordance with the
appliance manufacturer's instructions and Section 803.0 or other approved
engineering methods.

802.6.2 A gas vent shall terminate in accordance with one of the following:

(1) Above the roof surface with a listed cap or listed roof assembly.
Gas vents twelve (12) inches (300 mm) in size or smaller with listed caps
shall be permitted to be terminated in accordance with Figure provided they
are at least eight (8) feet (2.4 m) from a vertical wall or similar obstruction.
All other gas vents shall terminate not less than two (2) feet (0.6 m) above
the highest point where they pass through the roof and at least two (2) feet
(0.6 m) higher than any portion of a building within ten (10) feet (3.1 m).

(2)Industrial gas utilization equipment as provided in Section 802.2.4.

(3)Direct vent systems as provided in Section 802.2.5. 82

(4) Equipment with integral vents as provided in Section 802.2.6.

(5)Mechanical draft systems as provided in Section 802.3.4.

(6)Ventilating hoods and exhaust systems as provided in Section

802.3.5.

802.6.2.1 A Type B or a Type L gas vent shall terminate at least

five (5) feet (1.5 m) in vertical height above the highest Connected
equipment draft hood or flue collar.

802.6.2.2 A Type BW gas vent shall terminate at least twelve (12)

feet (3.7 m) in vertical height above the bottom of the wall furnace.
 802.6.2.3 A gas vent extending through an exterior wall shall not
terminate adjacent to the wall or below eaves or parapets, except as
provided in 802.3.4. Sections 802.2.5 and

802.6.2.4 Decorative shrouds shall not be installed at the

termination of gas vents except where such shrouds are listed for use
with the specific gas venting system with and are installed in
accordance with manufacturers' installation instructions.
802.6.2.5 All gas vents shall extend through the roof flashing, roof
jack, or roof thimble and terminate with a listed cap or listed roof
assembly. [NFPA 54:12.7.2 (6)]

802.6.2.6 A gas vent shall terminate at least three (3) feet (0.9 m)
above a forced air inlet located within ten (10) feet (3.0 m). [NFPA
54:12.7.2 (7)]

802.6.3 Size of Gas Vents. Venting systems shall be sized and

constructed in accordance with Section 803.0 other approved or engineering
methods and the gas vent and gas equipment manufacturers' instructions.

802.6.3.1 Category I Appliances. The sizing of natural draft

venting systems serving one or more listed appliances of equipped with
a draft hood or appliances listed for use with Type B gas vent, installed
in a single story of a building, shall be in accordance with one of the
following methods.

(1) The provisions of Section 803.0. Vents serving fan assisted

combustion system appliances, or combinations of fan assisted
combustion system and draft hood equipped appliances shall be sized
in accordance with Section 803.0 other and approved engineering or
methods.
(2) For sizing an individual gas vent for a single, draft hood
equipped appliance, the effective area of the vent connector and the gas
vent shall be not less than the area of the appliance draft hood outlet or
greater than seven times the draft hood outlet area.

(3) For sizing a gas vent connected to two appliances, with draft
effective area of the vent shall be not less than the area of the larger
draft hood outlet plus 50 percent of the area of the smaller draft hood
outlet or hoods the greater than seven times the smaller draft hood
outlet area.

(4) Approved engineering practices.

802.6.3.2 Category 1, Category 1, and Category IV Appliances.The

sizing of gas vents for Category Il, Category lll, and Category IV gas
utilization equipment shall be in accordance with the equipment
manufacturers' instructions.
 802.6.3.3 Sizing. Chimney venting systems using mechanical draft
shall be sized in accordance with approved engineering methods.

802.6.4 Gas Vents Serving Equipment on More Than One Floor. A

common gas vent shall be permitted in multistory installations to located on
more than one floor level, provided the venting system is designed and
installed in vent Category gas utilization equipment accordance with
approved engineering methods. For the purpose of this section, crawl
spaces,basements, and attics shall be considered as floor levels. All gas
utilization equipment connected to the common vent shall be located in
rooms separated from habitable space. Each of these provisions
combustion,ventilation,and dilution air that is not supplied from habitable
space. (See Figure 8-3.) The size of the connectors and common segments
of multistory venting systems for gas utilization equipment listed for use
with Type B double wall gas vent shall be in accordance with Table 8-10,
provided:

(1) The available total height (H) for each rooms shall have an adequate
supply of for segment of a multistory venting system is the vertical distance
between the level of the highest draft hood outlet or flue collar on that floor
and the center line of the next highest interconnection tee. (See Figure 8-4.)

(2) The size of the connector for a segment is determined from its
equipment connector rise, and shall not be smaller than the draft hood outlet
or flue collar size.

(3) The size of the common vertical vent utilization heat input gas and
available (3) segment, and of the interconnection tee at the base of that
segment, shall be based on the total gas utilization equipment heat input
entering that segment and its available total height.

802.6.5 Support of Gas Vents. Gas vents shall be supported and

spaced in accordance with their listings and the manufacturers'
instructions.802.6.6 Marking. In those localities where solid and liquid
fuels are used extensively, gas vents shall be permanently identified by a
label attached to the wall or ceiling at a point where the vent connector
enters the gas vent. The label shall read: "This gas vent is for appliances
that burn gas. Do not connect to solid or liquid- fuel burning appliances or
incinerators." The Authority Having Jurisdiction shall determine whether its
area constitutes such a locality. [NFPA 54:10.6]

802.7 Single Wall Metal Pipe. Highest point where passes through a roof

802.7.1 Construction. Single wall metal pipe of a building and at least

two (2) feet (0.6 m) shall be constructed of galvanized sheet steel not higher
than any portion of a building within less than 0.0304 inch (0.7 mm) thick
or of other horizontal distance of ten (10) feet (3.1 m) approved,
noncombustible, corrosion resistant material.
 802.7.2 Termination. The termination of single in which the gas
utilization equipment is wall metal pipe shall comply with the following
located through the roof or exterior wall to requirements: the outer air. A
pipe passing through a

802.7.2.1 Single wall metal pipe shall roof shall extend without
interruption terminate at least five (5) feet (1.5 m) in through the roof
flashing, roof jacket, or vertical height above the highest equipment
draft hood outlet or flue collar. connected roof thimble

802.7.2.2 Single wall metal pipe shall originate in any unoccupied

attic or extend at least two (2) feet (0.6 m) above the concealed space
and shall not pass through any attic, inside wall, concealed space, or
floor. For the installation of a single wall metal pipe through an
exterior combustible wall see Section 802.10.14.2.

802.7.2.3 An approved cap roof utilization or assembly equipment

for venting gas

802.7.3 Size of Single Wall Metal Pipe. Single wall metal piping shall
comply with the following requirements:

802.7.3.1 A venting system of a single wall metal pipe shall be

sized in accordance with one of the following methods and the gas
equipment manufacturer's instructions:

(1) For a draft hood-equipped appliance, in accordance with

Section 803.0.

(2) For a venting system for a single appliance with a draft hood,
the areas of the connector and the pipe each shall be less than the area
of the not appliance flue collar or draft hood outlet, whichever is
smaller. The vent area shall not be greater than seven times the draft
hood outlet area.

(3) Other approved engineering methods.

802.7.3.2 Where a single wall metal pipe is used and has a shape
other than round, it shall have an equivalent effective area equal to the
effective area of the round pipe for which it is substituted and the
minimum internal dimension of the pipe shall be two (2) inches (50
mm).

802.7.3.3 The vent cap or a roof assembly shall have a venting

capacity not less than that of the pipe to which it is attached. 802.7.4
Support of Single Wall Metal Pipe. All portions of single wall metal
pipe shall be supported for the design and weight of the material
employed. 802.7.5 Marking. Single wall metal pipe shall comply with
the marking provisions of Section 802.6.6. [NFPA 54:10.7]
802.8 Through the Wall Vent Termination.

802.8.1 A mechanical draft venting system shall terminate at least

three (3) feet (0.9 m) above any forced air inlet located within ten (10)
feet (3.1 m).

Exception 1: This provision shall not apply to the combustion

air intake of a direct vent appliance.

Exception 2: This provision shall not apply to the separation

of the integral outdoor air inlet and flue gas discharge of listed
outdoor appliances.

802.8.2 A mechanical draft venting system of other than direct

vent type shall terminate at least four (4) feet (1.2 m) below, four
(4) feet (1.2m) horizontally from, or one (1) feet (300 mm) above
any door, operable window, or gravity air inlet into any building.
The bottom of the vent terminal shall be located at least twelve
(12) inches (300 mm) above grade.

802.8.3 The vent terminal of a direct vent appliance with an

input of 10,000 Btu/h (3 kW)or less shall be located at least six (6)
inches (150mm) from any air opening into a building, and such an
appliance with an input over 10,000Btu/h (3 kW) but not over
50,000 Btu/h (14.7kW) shall be installed with a nine (9) inches
(230mm) vent termination clearance, and an appliance with an
input over 50,000 Btu/h (14.7kW) shall have at least a twelve (12)
inches (300mm) vent termination clearance.The bottom of the vent
terminal and the air intake shall be located at least twelve (12)
inches (300 mm) above grade.

802.8.4 Through the wall vents for Category appliances and

Category IV and non terminate over public walkways or over an
are categorized condensin9 appliances shall not where condensate
or vapor Could create nuisance or hazard or could be detrimental to
the operation of regulators, relief valves, or other a equipment.
Where local experience indicates that condensate is a problem with
Category I and Category ll appliances, this provision shall also
apply. [NFPA 54:10.8]

802.9 Condensation Drain.

802.9.1 Provision shall be made to collect and dispose of

condensate from venting systems serving utilization equipment and
non-categorized condensing appliances in accordance with Section
802.8.4. of Category I and Category IV gas

802.9.2 Where local experience indicates that condensation is

a problem, provision shall be made to drain off and dispose of
Condensate from venting systems serving Category I and Category
 gas utilization equipment in accordance with Section 802.8.4. shall
be used to connect gas utilization equipment to a gas vent,
chimney, or single wall metal pipe, except where the gas vent,
chimney or single wall metal pipe is directly connected to the
equipment. [NFPA 54:10.9]

802.10 Vent Connectors for Category 1 Gas Utilization Equipment

802.10.1 Where Required. A vent connector shall be used to connect

gas utilization equipment to a gas vent, chimney or single wall metal pipe,
except where the gas vent, chimney, or single wall metal pipe

802.10.2 Materials.

802.10.2.1 A vent connector shall be made of noncombustible,

corrosion resistant material capable of withstanding the vent gas
temperature produced by the gas utilization equipment and of sufficient
thickness to withstand physical damage.

802.10.2.2 Where the vent connector used for gas utilization

equipment having a draft hood or a Category l appliance is located in or
passes through an unconditioned area, that portion of the vent
connector shall be listed Type B, listed Type L, or listed vent material
having equivalent insulation qualities.

802.10.2.3 Where the vent connector used for gas utilization

equipment having a drat hood or a Category l appliance is located in or
passes through attics and crawl spaces, that portion of the vent
connector shall be listed Type B, listed Type L, or listed having vent
material equivalent insulation qualities.

802.10.2.4 Vent connectors for residential type appliances shal

comply with the following (1) Vent appliances having draft hoods and
for appliances equipped with listed conversion burners that are not
installed in attics, crawl spaces, or other unconditioned areas shall be
one of the following:

(a) Type B or Type L vent material.

(b) Galvanized sheet steel not less than 0.018 in. (0.46 mm)
thick.

(c) Aluminum (1100 or 3003 alloy or equivalent)sheet not less

than 0.027in. (0.69 mm) thick.

(d) Stainless steel sheet not less than 0.012 in. (0.31 mm)
thick.
 (e) Smooth having resistance to heat and Corrosion equal to or
greater than that of b, c, or d above. ) A listed vent connector.
connectors for listed gas having draft hoods and interior wall metal
pipe vent connectors shall not be covered with insulation.
Exception: connectors shall be installed according to the terms of
their listing. Listed insulated vent

802.10.2.5 nonresidential low heat equipment shall be a

factory built chimney section or steel pipe having resistance to heat
and Corrosion A vent Connector for equivalent to that for the
appropriate galvanized pipe as specified in Table 8- 3.Factory built
chimney sections shall be joined together in accordance with the
chimney manufacturer's instructions. [NFPA 54: 12.11.2.5]

802.10.2.6 Vent Connectors for medium heat equipment and

commercial and industrial incinerators shall be constructed of
factory built, medium heat chimney sections or steel of a thickness
not less than that specified in Table 8-4, and shall comply with the
following:

(1) A steel vent connector for equipment with a vent gas

temperature in excess of1000F (538C) measured at the entrance to
the connector shall be lined with medium duty fire brick (ASTM C
64, Specification for Refractories for Incinerators and Boilers,
Type F) or the equivalent.

(2)The lining shall be at least 21/2 inches (64mm) thick for a

vent connector having a diameter or greatest cross sectional
dimension of eighteen (18)inches (460 mm)or less.

(3)The lining inches(110 mm) thick laid on the 41/2 inches

shall be at least 41/2 (110mm) bed for a vent connector having
diameter or greatest cross-sectional dimension greater than
eighteen (18)inches (460 mm).

(4)Factory built chimney sections, if employed, shall be joined

together in accordance with the chimney manufacturer's
instructions.

802.10.3 Size of Vent Connector.

802.10.3.1 A vent connector for gas utilization equipment with a single

draft hood or for a Category I fan assisted combustion system appliance
shall be sized and installed in accordance with Section 803.0 or other
approved engineering methods.

802.10.3.2 For a single appliance having more than one draft hood
outlet or flue collar, the manifold shall be constructed according to the
instructions of the appliance manufacturer. Where there are no instructions,
the manifold shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
 approved engineering practices. As an alternate method, the effective area
of the manifold shall equal the combined area of the flue collars or draft
hood outlets and the vent connectors shall have a minimum one (1) foot
(0.3 m) rise.

802.10.3.3 Where two or more gas appliances are connected toa

common vent or chimney, each vent connector shall be sized in accordance
with Section 803.0 or other approved engineering methods. As an
alternative method applicable only when all of the appliances are draft hood
equipped, each vent connector shall have an effective area not less than the
area of the draft hood outlet of the appliance to which it is connected.
Where two or more gas appliances are vented through a common vent
connector or vent manifold, the common vent connector or vent manifold
shall be located at the highest level consistent with available head- room
and clearance to combustible material and shall be sized in accordance with
Section 2 or other approved engineering methods. As an alternate method
applicable only where there are two draft hood- equipped appliances, the
effective area of the common vent connector or vent manifold and all
junction fittings shall be not less than the area of the larger vent connector
plus 50 percent of the areas of smaller flue collar outlets.

802.10.3.4 Where the size of a vent of connector is increased to overcome

installation limitations and obtain connector capacity equal to the equipment
input, the size increase shall be made at the equipment draft hood outlet.

802.10.4 Two or More Appliances Connected to a Single Vent.

802.10.4.1 Where two or connectors enter a common gas vent,

chimneyflue, or single-wall metal pipe, the smaller connector shall enter at the
highest level consistent with the available headroom or clearance to
combustible material. more vent

802.10.4.2 Vent Connectors serving Category I appliances shall not be

connected to any portion of a mechanical draft system operating under positive
static pressure, such as those serving Category ll or Category IV appliances.

802.10.5 Clearance. Minimum clearances from vent connectors to combustible

material shall be in accordance with Exception:

The clearance between a vent connector and combustible material shall be

reduced where the material is protected as specified for vent connectors in
Table5-3. permitted combustible to be

802.10.6 Avoid Unnecessary Bends. A vent connector shall be installed so

as to avoid turns other construction features that create excessive resistance to flow
of vent gases. or

802.10.7 Joints. Joints between sections of Connector piping and connections

to flue collars or draft hood outlets shall be fastened in accordance with one of the
following methods:
 (1) By sheet metal screws.

(2) Vent connectors of listed vent material shall be assembled and

connected to flue collars or draft hood outlets in accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions.

(3) Other approved means.

802.10.8 Slope. A vent connector shall be installed without any dips or sags
and shall slope upward toward the vent or chimney at least 1/4 in./ft. (20
mm/m). Exception: Vent connectors attached to a mechanical draft system
installed in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

802.10.9 Length of Vent Connector.

802.10.9.1 A vent connector shall be as short as practical, and the gas

utilization equipment located as close as practical to the chimney or vent.

802.10.9.2 The maximum horizontal length of a single-wall connector shall

be 75 percent of the height of the chimney or vent except maximum length of an
individual connector for a chimney or vent system serving multiple appliances,
from the appliance outlet to the junction with the common vent or another
connector, shall be 100 percent of the height of the chimney or vent. [NFPA
54:12.11.9.2] for engineered systems.

802.10.9.3 The maximum horizontal length of a Type B double wall

connector shall be 100 percent of the height of the chimney or vent, except for
engineered systems. The maximum length of an individual connector for a
chimney or vent system or vent system serving multiple appliances, from the
appliance outlet to the junction with the common vent or another connector,
shall be 100 percent of the height of the chimney or vent. [NFPA 54: 12.11.9.3]
serving

802.10.10 Support. A vent connector shall be the supported for the design and
weight of the material employed to maintain clearances and prevent physical
damage and separation of joints. Connection.

802.10.11 Chimney Connection. Where entering a flue in a masonry or metal

chimney, the vent connector shall be installed above the extreme bottom to avoid
stoppage. Where a thimble or slip joint is used to facilitate removal of the connector,
the connector shall be firmly attached to or inserted into the thimble or slip joint to
prevent the connector from falling out. Means shall be employed to prevent the
connector from entering so far as to restrict the space between its end and the
opposite wall of the chimney flue.

802.10.12 Inspection. The entire length of a vent connector shall be readily

accessible for inspection, cleaning, and replacement.
 802.10.13 Fireplaces, A vent connector shall not be connected to a Chimney
flue serving a fireplace unless the fireplace flue opening is permanently sealed.

802.10.14 Passage Through Ceilings, Floors, or Walls.

802.10.14.1 A vent connector shall not pass through any ceiling, floor, or
fire resistance rated wall. A single-wall metal pipe connector shall not pass
through any interior wall. rated wall.
Exception:
Vent connectors made of listed Type B or Type L vent material and
serving listed equipment with draft hoods and other equipment listed for
use with Type B gas vents that pass through walls or partitions constructed
of combustible material shall be installed with not less than the listed
clearance to combustible material.

802.10.14.2 A vent connector made of a single-wall metal pipe shall

not pass through a combustible exterior wall unless guarded at the point of
passage by a ventilated metal thimble not smaller than the following:

(1) For listed appliances equipped with draft hoods and appliances
listed for use with Type B gas vents, the thimble shall be a minimum of
four (4) inches (100 mm) larger in diameter than the vent connector.
Where there is a run of not less than six (6) feet (1.8 m) of vent
connector. Where there is a run of not less than six (6) feet (1.8 m) of
vent connector in the opening between the draft hood outlet and the
thimble shall be a minimum of two (2) inches(50 mm) larger in
diameter than the vent connector.

(2)For draft hoods, the thimble shall be a minimum of six (6)

inches (150 mm) larger in unlisted appliances having diameter than the
vent connector. For residential and low heat appliances, the thimble
shall be a minimum of twelve (12) inches (300 mm) larger in diameter
than the vent connector.

Exception: In lieu of thimble protection, all combustible material

in the wall shall be removed from the vent connector a sufficient
distance to provide the specified clearance from such vent connector
Any to combustible material. material used to close up such opening
shall be noncombustible.

802.10.14.3 Vent connectors for medium heat equipment shall not pass
through walls or partitions constructed of combustible material. [NFPA
54:10.10.14.3]

802.11 Vent Connectors for Category 1, Category I1, and Category IV Gas
Utilization Equipment. (See Section 802.4.) [NFPA 54:10.11]

802.12 Draft Hoods and Draft Controls.

 802.12.1 Equipment Requiring Draft Hoods. Vented gas utilization
equipment shall be installed with draft hoods.

Exception: Dual oven-type combination ranges; incinerators; direct

vent equipment; fan assisted combustion system appliances; equipment
requiring chimney draft for operation; single firebox boilers equipped with
conversion burners with inputs greater than 400,000 Btu/h (117 kW);
equipment equipped with blast, power, or pressure burners that are not
listed for use with draft hoods; and equipment designed for forced venting.

802.12.2 Installation. A draft hood supplied with or forming a part of

listed vented gas utilization equipment shall be installed without alteration,
exactly as furnished and specified by the equipment manufacturer. If a draft
hood is not supplied by the equipment manufacturer where one is required,
a draft hood shall be installed, be of a listed or approved type, and, in the
absence of other instructions, be of the same size as the equipment flue
collar. Where a draft hood is required with a conversion burner, it shall be
of a listed or approved type. Where it is determined that a draft hood of
determined that a draft hood of special design is needed or preferable for a
particular installation, the installation shall be in accordance with the
recommendations of the equipment manufacturer and shall be with the
approval of the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

802.12.3 Draft Control Devices. Where a draft control device is part

of the gas utilization equipment or is supplied by the equipment
manufacturer, it shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. In the absence of manufacturer's instructions, the device shall
be attached to the flue collar of the equipment or as near to the equipment
as practical.

802.12.4 Additional Devices. Gas utilization equipment (except

incinerators) requiring controlled chimney draft shall be permitted to be
equipped with a listed double acting barometric draft regulator installed and
adjusted in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions.

802.12.5 Location. Draft hoods and barometric draft regulators shall be

installed in the same room or enclosure as the equipment in such a manner
as to prevent any difference in pressure between the hood or regulator and
the combustion air supply.

802.12.6 Positioning. Draft hoods and draft regulators shall be

installed in the position for that they were designed with reference to the
horizontal and vertical planes and shall be located so that the relief opening
is obstructed by any part of the equipment or adjacent construction. The
equipment and its draft hood shall be located so that the relief opening is
accessible operation. not for checking vent

802.12.7 Clearance. A draft hood shall be be located so that its relief

opening is not less than six (6) inches (150 mm) from any surface except
that of the equipment it serves and the venting system to which the draft
 hood is connected. Where a greater or lesser clearance is indicated on the
equipment label, the clearance shall not be less than that specified on the
label. Such clearances 54:10.12] on the equipment label, the clearance shall
not be less than that specified on the label. Such clearances shall not be
reduced. [NFPA 54:10.12]

802.13 Manually Operated Dampers. A manually operated damper shall not

be placed in any equipment vent connector. Fixed baffles shall not bee classified as
manually operated dampers. [NFPA 54:10.13]

802.14 Automatically Operated Vent Dampers. An automatically operated

vent damper shall be of a listed type. [NFPA 54:10.14]

802.15 Obstructions. Devices that retard the flow of vent gases shall not be
installed in a vent connector, chimney, or vent. The following shall not be be
Considered as obstructions:

(1) Draft regulators and safety controls specifically listed for installation in
venting systems and installed in accordance with the terms of their listing.

(2) Approved draft regulators and safety controls designed and installed in
accordance with approved engineering methods.

(3) Listed operated vent dampers installed in accordance with the terms of
their listing. Vent dampers serving listed appliances installed heat reclaimers
and automatically
(4) in accordance with Sections 803.1 and 803.2.1 or other approved
engineering methods.

(5) Approved economizers, heat reclaimers, and recuperators installed in

venting systems of equipment not required to be equipped with draft hoods,
provided the gas utilization equipment manufacturer's instructions cover the
installation of such a device in the venting system and performance in
accordance with Section 802.3.1 and 802.3.2 Sections obtained. [NFPA
54:10.15

803.0 Sizing of Category I Venting Systems

803.1 These venting tables shall not be used where obstructions (see
Section 802.15) are installed in the venting system. The installation of vents
serving listed appliances with vent dampers shall be in manufacturer's
instructions or in accordance with the following:

(1) The maximum capacity of the vent system shall be determined

using the NAT Maximum column.

(2) The minimum capacity shall be determined as if the appliance were

a fan assisted appliance, using the FAN Minimum column to determine the
minimum capacity of the vent system. Where the corresponding FAN
Minimum is not available, the vent configuration shall not be permitted and
an alternative venting configuration shall be utilized. in accordance with the
appliance

803.1.1 Where the vent size determined from the tables is smaller than
the appliance draft hood outlet or flue collar, the use of the smaller size
shall be permitted provided that the installation complies with all of the
following requirements:

(1) The total vent height (H) is at least ten (10) feet (3 m).

(2)Vents for appliance draft hood outlet or flue diameter or smaller are
not reduced feet(3 m). (300mm) in collars twelve (12) inches more than one
table size.
(3)Vents for appliance draft hood outlets mm) in diameter are not
reduced more than o flue collars larger than twelve (12) inches (300 two
table sizes.

(4)The maximum capacity listed in the tables for a fan assisted

appliance is reduced by ten (10) percent (0.90 maximum table capacities).

(5)The draft hood outlet is greater than four (4) (5) inches (100 mm) in
diameter. connect a three (3) diameter vent to a four (4) inches (100 mm)
diameter draft hood outlet. This provision shall not apply to fan assisted
appliances. Do not connect a three inches (80 mm) diameter vent to a four
(4) inches (100 mm) diameter draft hood outlet. This provision shall not
apply to fan assisted appliances.

803.1.2 Single appliance venting configurations with zero (0) lateral

lengths in Tables 85, 86,and 89 shall not have elbows in the venting system.
For vent configurations with lateral lengths, venting tables include
allowance for two 90 degree turns. For each additional elbow up and
including 45 degrees, the maximum to capacity listed in the venting tables
shall be reduced by 5 percent. For each maximum elbow greater than 45
degrees up to and including 90 degrees, the maximum capacity listed in the
venting tables shall be reduced by 10 percent.

803.1.3 Zero (0) lateral (L) shall apply only to a straight vertical vent
attached to a top outlet draft hood or flue collar.

803.1.4 Sea level input ratings shall be used when determining

maximum capacity for high altitude installation. Actual input (de-rated for
altitude) shall be used for determining minimum capacity for high altitude
installation.

803.1.5 For appliances with more than one input rate, Min)determined
from the tables shall be less than the lowest appliance input rating, and the
maximum vent capacity (FAN Max/NAT Max) determined from the tables
shall be greater than the highest appliance rating input. the minimum vent
capacity
 803.1.6 Listed corrugated metallic chimney liner systems in masonry
chimneys shall be sized by using Table 85 or 86 for Type B vents, with the
maximum capacity reduced by 20 percent (0.80maximum capacity) and the
minimum capacity as shown in Table 85 or 86. Corrugated metallic liner
systems installed with bends or offsets shall have their maximum capacity
further reduced in accordance with Section 803.1.2. The 20 percent
reduction for corrugated metallic chimney liner systems includes an
allowance for one long radius 90 degree turn at the bottom of the liner.

803.1.7 Where the vertical vent has a larger diameter than the vent
connector, the vertical vent diameter shall be used to determine the
minimum vent capacity, and the connector diameter shall be used to
determine the maximum vent capacity. The flow area of the vertical vent
shall not exceed seven times the flow area of the listed appliance
categorized vent area, flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless
designed in accordance with approved engineering methods.

803.1.8 Connection to Chimney Liners. Connections between

chimney liners and listed double wall connectors shall be made with listed
adapters designed for such purpose. [NFPA 54:13.1.8]

803.1.8.1 Tables 8-5 through 89 shall be Used for chimneys and

vents not exposed to the outdoors below the roof line. A Type B vent or
listed chimney lining system passing through an unused masonry
chimney flue shall not be considered to be exposed to the outdoors. A
Type B vent passing through an unventilated enclosure or chase
insulated to a value of not less than R8 shall not be considered to be
exposed to the outdoors. Table 87 in combination with Table 815 shall
be used for clay tile lined masonry chimneys, provided all of the
following are met:

(1) The vent connector is Type B double exterior wall.

(2) The vent connector length is limited to1- 1/2 feet for each
inch (180 mm/mm) of vent connector diameter.

(3) The appliance is draft hood equipped.

(4) The input rating is less than the maximum capacity given
in Table 87.

(5) For a water heater, the outdoor design temperature shall not
be less than 5F (-15C).

(6) For a space heating appliance, the input rating is greater

than the minimum capacity given by Table 8-15.

(7) Where the conditions of 803.1.8.1(1) through (6) cannot be

alternative venting design shall be used, such as a listed
chimney lining system.Vents serving Exception: appliances
 installed in accordance with the listed appliance manufacturer's
instructions and the terms of the listing.

803.1.9 Corrugated vent connectors shall not be smaller than the listed
appliance categorized vent diameter, flue collar diameter, or draft hood
outlet diameter.

803.1.9.1 Vertical Vent Up-sizing 7 Times Rule. Where the

vertical vent has a larger diameter than the vent connector, the vertical
vent diameter shall be used to determine the minimum vent capacity,
and the Connector diameter shall be used to determine the maximum
vent capacity. The flow area of the vertical vent shall not the exceed
seven times the flow area of the listed appliance categorized vent area,
flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area unless designed in accordance
with approved engineering methods. [NFPA 54: 13.1.9]

803.1.10 Vent connectors shall not be up-sized more than two sizes
greater than the listed appliance categorized vent diameter, flue collar
diameter, or draft hood outlet diameter.

803.1.11 In a single run of vent or vent connector, more than one

diameter and type shall be permitted to be used, provided that all the sizes
and types are permitted by the tables.

803.1.12 Interpolation shall be permitted in calculating capacities for

vent dimensions that fall between table entries. (See Example 8-1 in
Section 803.2.23.)

803.1.13 Extrapolation beyond the table entries shall not be permitted.

For SI units, 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 ft. = 0.305 m; 1,000Btu/h = 0.293kW; 1 2 2
in. = 645 mm

803.1.14 For vent heights lower than six (6) feet and higher
engineering methods shall be used to calculate vent capacities. [NFPA
54:13.1] than shown in the tables,

803.1.15 Draft Hood Conversion Accessories. Draft hood conversion

accessories for use with masonry chimneys venting listed Category I fan
assisted appliances shall be listed and installed in accordance with the listed
accessory manufacturers' installation instructions. [NFPA 54:13.1.10]

803.2 Additional Requirements to Multiple Appliance Vent.

803.2.1 These venting tables shall not be used where obstructions (see
Section 802.15) are installed in the venting system. The installation of vents
serving listed appliances with vent dampers shall be in accordance with the
appliance manufacturer's instructions or in accordance with the following:

(1) The Connector shall be determined using the maximum capacity of

the vent NAT Maximum column.
 (2) The maximum capacity of the vertical vent or chimney shall be
determined using the FAN+NAT column when the second appliance is a
fan assisted appliance, or the NAT+NAT column when the second
appliance is equipped with a draft hood.

(3) The minimum capacity shall be determined as if the appliance were

a fan assisted appliance. (a) The minimum capacity of the vent connector
shall be determined using the FAN Min column. (b) The FAN+FAN
column shall be used when the second appliance is a fan assisted appliance,
and the FAN+NAT column shall be used when the second appliance is
equipped with a draft hood, to determine whether the vertical vent
configuration Where is chimney permitted or not (NA). configuration is
NA, the vent configuration shall not be permitted, and an alternative
venting configuration shall be utilized.

803.2.2 The maximum vent connector horizontal length shall be 18

in./in. (180 mm/mm) of connector diameter as follow:

Vent Connector Maximum Length

NFPA 54:Table 13.2.2]

Connector Horizontal Connector Length

Diameter Maximum (in.) (t.)

3 4-1/2
4 6
5 7-1/2
6 9
7 10-1/2
8 12
9 13-1/2
10 15
12 18
14 21
16 24
18 27
20 30
22 33
24 36

Notes: 1 in. = 25.4 mm, 1 ft. = 0.305 m

803.2.3 The vent connector shall be routed to Connectors with longer

horizontal lengths th the vent utilizing the shortest possible route to those
listed in Section 803.2.2 are permitted under the following conditions: (A)
The maximum capacity (FAN Max or NAT Max) of the vent connector
shall be reduced 10 percent for each additional multiple of the length listed
in 803.2.2.. For example the maximum length listed for a four (4) inches
(100 mm) connector is six (6) feet (1.8 m). With a Connector length greater
than six (6) feet (1.8 m) but not exceeding twelve (12) feet (3.7 m), the
maximum capacity must be reduced by ten (10) by percent (0.90 maximum
vent connector capacity). With connector length greater than twelve (12)
feet (3.7 m) but not exceeding eighteen (18) feet (5.5 m), the maximum
capacity must be reduced by 20 percent (0.80 maximum vent capacity). (B)
For a connector serving a fan assisted appliance, the minimum capacity
(FAN Min) of the connector shall be determined by referring to the
appliance table. For Type B double wall connectors, Table 8-5 shall be
used. For single wall connectors, Table 8-6 shall be corresponding sin used.
The height (H) and lateral (L) shall be measured according to the
procedures for a single appliance vent, as if the other appliances were not
present.

803.2.4 Where the vent connectors are combined prior to entering the
vertical portion of the common vent to form a common vent manifold, the
size of the common vent manifold and the common vent shall be
determined by applying a 10 percent reduction (0.90 x maximum common
vent capacity) to the Common Vent Capacity part of the common vent
tables. The length of the common vent connector manifold (LM) shall not
exceed 18 in./in. (180 mm/mm) of common vent connector manifold
diameter (D). (See Figure 8-4.)

803.2.5 Where the common vertical vent is offset, the maximum

capacity of the common vent shall be reduced in accordance with Section
803.2.6, and the horizontal length of the common vent offset shall not
exceed 18 in./in. (180 mm/mm) of common vent diameter.

803.2.6 For each elbow up to and including 45 degrees in the common

vent, the maximum common vent capacity listed in the venting tables shall
be reduced by 5 percent. For each to and elbow greater than 45 degrees up
to and including 90 degrees, the maximum common vent capacity listed in
the venting tables shall be reduced by 10 percent.

803.2.7 The vent connector capacities listed in the Common vent sizing
tables include allowance for two 90 degree elbows. For each additional
elbow up to and including 45degrees, the maximum vent connector capacity
listed in the venting tables shall be reduced by 5 percent.For each elbow
greater than 45 degrees up to and including 90 degrees, the maximum vent
connector capacity listed in the venting tables shall be reduced by 10
percent.

803.2.8 Common Vent Minimum Size. The cross-sectional area of the

common vent shall be equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of the
largest connector. [NFPA 54: 13.2.8]
 803.2.9 Tee and Wye Fittings. Tee and wye fittings connected to a
common vent shall be considered as part of the common vent and
constructed of materials consistent with that of the common vent. [NFPA
54:13.2.9]

803.2.9.1 At the point where tee or wye fittings connect to a

common vent, the opening size of the fitting shall be equal to the size
of the common vent. Such fittings shall not be prohibited from having
reduced size openings at the point of connection of appliance vent
connectors.

803.2.10 Sea level input ratings shall be used when determining

maximum capacity for high altitude installation. Actual input (derated for
altitude) shall be used for determining minimum capacity for high altitude
installation.

803.2.11 The connector rise (R) for each appliance connector shall be
measured from the draft hood outlet or flue collar to the center line where
the vent gas streams come together.

803.2.12 For multiple units of gas utilization equipment all located on

one floor, available total height (H) shall be measured from the highest
draft hood outlet or flue collar up to the level of the outlet of the common
vent.

803.2.13 For multistory installations, available total height (H) for each
segment of the system shall be the vertical distance between the highest
draft hood outlet or flue collar entering that segment and the center line of
the next higher interconnection tee. (See Figure 85.)

803.2.14 The size of the lowest connector and of the vertical vent
leading to the lowest interconnection of a multistory system shall be in
accordance with Table 8-5 or 8-6 for available total height (H) up to the
lowest interconnection. (See Figure 8-6.)

803.2.15 Where used in multistory systems, vertical common vents

shall be Type B double wall and shall be installed with a listed vent cap.

803.2.16 Offsets in multistory common vent systems shall be limited to

a single offset in each system,and systems with an offset shall comply with
all of the following: (1) The offset angle shall not exceed 45 degrees from
vertical. The horizontal length of the offset shall not 45 (2) exceed eighteen
(18) inches for each inch (180 mm/mm) of common vent diameter of the
segment in that the offset is located. (3) For the segment of the common
vertical vent containing the offset, the common vent capacity listed in the
common venting tables shall be reduced by 20 percent (0.80x maximum
common vent capacity). (4) A multistory common vent shall not be reduced
in size above the offset.
 803.2.17 Where two or more appliances are connected to a vertical vent
or chimney, the flow area of the largest section of vertical vent or chimney
shall not exceed seven times the the smallest listed appliance categorized
vent areas, flue collar area, or draft hood outlet area, unless designed in
accordance with approved engineering methods.

803.2.18 For appliances with more than one input rate, the minimum
vent connector capacity (FAN Minimum) determined from the tables shall
be less than the lowest appliance input rating. and the maximum vent
connector capacity (FAN Maximum or NAT Maximum) determined from
the tables shall be greater than the highest appliance input rating.

803.2.19 Listed, corrugated metallic chimney liner systems in masonry

chimneys shall be sized by using Table 8-10 or 8-11 for Type B vents, with
the maximum capacity reduced by 20 percent (0.80 maximum capacity) and
the minimum capacity as shown in Table 8-10 or 8- 11. Corrugated metallic
liner systems installed with bends or offsets shall have their maximum
capacity further reduced in accordance with Sections 803.2.5 and 803.2.6.
The 20 percent reduction for corrugated metallic chimney liner systems
includes an allowance for one long radius 90 degree turn at the bottom of
the liner.

803.2.20 Tables 8-10 and 8-11 shall be used for chimneys and vents not
exposed to the outdoors below the roof line. A Type B vent passing through
an unventilated enclosure or chase insulated to a value of not less than R8
shall not be considered to be exposed to the outdoors. Tables 8-16 through
819 shall be used for clay tile lined exterior masonry chimneys, provided all
of the following conditions are met:

(1) Vent connector is Type B double wall.

(2) At least one appliance is draft hood equipped.

(3) The combined appliance input rating is less than the maximum
capacity given by Table 8-16 (for NAT+NAT) or Table 8-18 (for
FAN+NAT).

(4) The input rating of each space heating appliance is greater than
the minimum input rating given by Table 8-17 (for NAT+NAT) or
Table 8-19 (for FAN+NAT).

(5) The vent connector sizing is in accordance with Table 8-12.

Where these conditions cannot be met, an

(6) alternative venting design shall be used, such as a listed

chimney lining system.

Exception: Vents serving listed appliances installed in accordance

with the appliance manufacturer's installation instructions.
 803.2.21 Vent connectors shall not be increased more than two sizes
greater than the listed appliance categorized vent diameter, flue collar
diameter, or draft hood outlet diameter. Vent connectors for draft hood
equipped appliances shall not be smaller than the draft hood outlet
diameter. Where a vent connector size(s) determined from the tables for a
fan assisted appliance(s) is smaller than the flue collar diameter, the use of
the smaller size(s) shall be permitted provided that the installation complies
with all of the following: (1) Vent connectors for fan assisted appliance flue
collars twelve (12) inches (300 mm) in diameter or smaller are not reduced
by more than one table size [e.g., 12 in. to 10 in. (300 mm to 250 mm) isa
one size reduction] and those larger than twelve (12) inches (300 mm) in
diameter are not reduced more than two table sizes [e.g., 24 in. to 20 in.
(610 mm to 510 mm) is a two size reduction]. The fan by assisted
appliance(s) is common with a draft hood equipped (2) vented appliance(s).
(3 The vent connector has a smooth interior wall.

803.2.22 All combinations of pipe sizes and single wall and double
wall metal pipe shall be allowed within any connector run(s) or within the
common vent provided ALL of the appropriate tables permit ALL of the
desired sizes and types of pipe, as if they were used for the entire length of
the subject connector or vent. Where single wall and Type B double wall
metal pipes are used for vent connectors within the same venting system,
the common vent must be sized wall and Type B double wall metal pipes
are using Table 811 or 813, as appropriate.

803.2.23 Where a table permits more than one diameter of pipe to be

used for a connector or vent, all the permitted sizes shall be permitted to be
used.

803.2.24 Interpolation shall be permitted in calculating capacities for

vent dimensions that fall between table entries. (See Example 8-1.)

Example 8-1: Interpolating between Table Values. An installer has an

80,000 Btu/h. input appliance with a four (4) inches diameter draft hood
outlet that needs to be vented into a twelve (12) foot high Type B vent. The
vent connector has a five (5) foot lateral length and is also Type B. Can this
appliance be vented using a four (4) inch diameter vent?

Solution:

Table 8-5 is used in the case of an all Type B vent system. However,
since there is no entry in Table 8-5 for a height of 12 ft, interpolation must
be used. Read down the 4 in. diameter NAT Max column to the row
associated with 10 ft. height and 5 ft. lateral to find the capacity value of
77,000 Btu/h. Read further down to the 15 ft. height, 5 ft. lateral row to find
the capacity value of 87,000 Btu/h. The difference between the 15 ft. height
capacity value and the 10 ft. height capacity value is 10,000 Btu/h. The
capacity for a vent system with a 12 ft. height is equal to the capacity for a
10 ft. height plus 2/5 of the difference between the 10 ft. and 15 ft. height
values, or 77,000 + 2/5 x 10,000 81,000 Btu/h. Therefore, a 4 in. diameter
vent can be used in the installation.

803.2.25 Extrapolation beyond the table entries shall not be permitted.

803.2.26 For vent heights lower than six (6) feet and higher than shown
in the tables, engineering methods shall be used to calculate vent capacities.
[NFPA 54:13.2].
804.Referenced Publications. The documents or portions of this chapter have been
reproduced from the California Mechanical Code 2007 and NFPA 542006
Standards.