MODULE

#5 Specialization 1: Heritage Resources

Studies

MODULE G ALS FLEX Course Material

At the end of the lesson the
student will be able to:
Appraise international
movements and efforts in
conservation.
Reflect on the selection of
world heritage structures
International
and the registry of historic
sites and structures in the
Philippines.
Concern and the
Comment on the process of
conservation observed in
Heritage Sites in
the target activity
the Philippines

Instruction and Information about growing

international concern about heritage sites
particularly those in the Philippines which
has been declared by UNESCO and the
national heritage declared by NHCP.

Ar. Lester Anthony G. Calunsod

Ar. Argel Miryl P. Castaneda
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Ar. Juan Miguel A. Domingo

Ar. Gregoria M. Mercado
 FOCAL POINTS

International Movements
International Charters
World Heritage
National Heritage

• Lesson 1 – International Movements and

Initiatives
• Lesson 2 – International Charters and

?
Protocols
• Lesson 3 – Managing World Heritage
• Lesson 4– National Heritage

INSIDE
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 LESSON

#1
LEARNING
OUTC MES
At the end of the lesson,
the student will be able to
compare the International
International
Movements
Movements and
comment on their
functions.

and
Initiatives
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 UNESCO

UNESCO is the United

Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization. It seeks to
build peace through
international cooperation
in education, sciences and
culture.

International Movements

• The destruction caused by second World War had shown the world that it is
necessary to provide efficient international organizations. The goals are:
• Settle eventual misunderstandings between nation without armed conflicts
• Promote educational, scientific, and cultural cooperation at an international
level
• Assists in providing means for the protection, conservation, restoration of
cultural heritage
• After 1945, the League of Nations gave way to the United Nations Organizations
and the International Committee of Intellectual Cooperation was succeeded by
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• 1946-the International Museum Office was formed into the International
Council of Museums (ICOM)
• 1949 -UNESCO called a Meeting of Experts on Historical Sites and Ancient
Monuments in Paris. They established an International Committee on
Monuments.
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 UNESCO

UNESCO is the United

Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization. It seeks to
build peace through
international cooperation
in education, sciences and
culture.

International Movements

• UNESCO’s statues were approved in 1951.

• First principle: “you only conserve the material of the work of art”
• Second principle: “restoration must aim at the re-establishment of the potential
unity of the work of art, so far as this is possible without committing a fake, and
without cancelling traces of its history”
• Reintegration should always remain recognizable on close inspection
• Use of reversible method of reintegration
• Removal of later additions should always be considered as an exception, aesthetic
values should dominate over historic in the case of Conflict
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 ICCROM

The International Centre for

the Study of the
Preservation and
Restoration of Cultural
Property is an
intergovernmental
organization dedicated to
the preservation of cultural
heritage worldwide through
training, information,
research, cooperation and
advocacy programmes

International Movements

• In 1950, the foundation, International Centre

for the Study of the Preservation and
Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) was
proposed and officially approved in 1956 in
New Delhi
Keynote
• 1954- The Hague , 39 countries ratified the • The creation of the Centre took place as
‘Convention on the Protection of Cultural a result of a proposal at the UNESCO
Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, it General Conference held in New Delhi,
established an ‘International Register of in 1956. Three years later, the Centre
was established in Rome, Italy, where its
Cultural Property under Special Protection’
headquarters remain to this day.
• It defined cultural heritage covering movable or
immovable property of great importance to the
cultural heritage of every people, such as
monuments
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 ICOMOS

The International Council on

Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS; French: Conseil
international des
monuments et des sites) is a
professional association that
works for the conservation
and protection of cultural
heritage places around the
world

• 1957 Meeting in Paris- the International

Congress of Architects and Technicians of
Historic Monuments discussed the training and
collaboration of various professions in the
conservation of architectural heritage
Keynote
• The First International Congress of Architects
and Specialists of Historic Buildings was held in
Paris also in 1957. The Congress recommended
that countries lacking a central organization for
the protection of historic buildings provide for
the establishment of such an authority.
• Principles of Conservation of architecture, art
or history, whether religious or secular;
archeological sites; groups of buildings which,
as a whole, are of historical or artistic interest”
as well as archives and their covering buildings.
The term Universal Value was coined in the
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“World Heritage Convention of 1972”.

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 .

International Movements

• May 25-31, 1964, Venice: The 2nd International Congress of Architects and
Specialists of Historic Buildings was organized, attended by:
• Unesco delegations
• Council of Europe
• ICCROM
• ICOMOS
• Intituto Internationale dei Castelli Italia Nostra
• 61 countries from Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia and Australia
• 500 participants
Accordingly, in 1964, they met and adopted a series of thirteen resolutions.
The first created the International Charter on the Conservation and Restoration of
Monuments and Sites, commonly known as the Venice Charter. The second, put
forward by UNESCO, created ICOMOS to carry out this charter.
Guidelines for architectural restoration including the urban or rural setting,
emphasis was laid on the necessity to respect and maintain authenticity of historic
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monuments as well as to safeguard them in appropriate use.

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 .

International Movements

In 1972, ICOMOS was named by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention as one of
the three formal advisory bodies to the World Heritage Committee, along with the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the International
Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
(ICCROM).

1975- Amsterdam Charter: Protection and Rehabilitation of Historic Centers-

integrated conservation for conservation planning in historic towns.
• The Burra Charter (1981, 1988, 1999, 2000): introduce the concept of ‘Place”
• Influences on significance of the common heritage Four principal headings:
Monuments as memorials
Stylistic restoration
Modern conservation
Traditional Continuity
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 LESSON

#2
LEARNING
OUTC MES
At the end of the lesson,
the student will be able to
discuss the different
International
Charters and
international charters and
protocols in conservation.

Protocols in
Conservation
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 Athens Charter

The Athens Charter for the

Restoration of Historic
Monuments is a seven-
point manifesto adopted
at the First International
Congress of Architects and
Technicians of Historic
Monuments in Athens in
1931

Athens Charter for Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931)

• 7 main resolutions (Carta del Restauro)

• 1. International organizations for Restoration on
operational and advisory levels are to be established.

• 2. Proposed Restoration projects are to be subjected to

knowledgeable criticism to prevent mistakes which will
cause loss of character and historical values to the
structures.
• 3. Problems of preservation of historic sites are to be
solved by legislation at national level for all countries.
• 4. Excavated sites which are not subject to immediate
restoration should be reburied for protection.
• 5. Modern techniques and materials may be used in
restoration work.
• 6. Historical sites are to be given strict custodial
protection.
• 7. Attention should be given to the protection of areas
surrounding historic sites
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Keynote
The members of the Conference, after having
visited in the course of their deliberations and
during the study cruise which they were able
to make on this occasion, a number of
excavation sites and ancient Greek
monuments, unanimously paid a tribute to the
Greek Government, which, for many years
past, has been itself responsible for extensive
works and, at the same time, has accepted the
collaboration of archaeologists and experts
from every country.

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 • Initiation of a system of regular and permanent maintenance calculated
to ensure the preservation of the buildings.
• It recommends that the historic and artistic work of the past should be
respected, without excluding the style of any given period.
• The Conference recommends that the occupation of buildings, which
ensures the continuity of their life, should be maintained but that they
should be used for a purpose which respects their historic or artistic
character.
• It recognises a certain right of the community in regard to private
ownership

Athens Charter for Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931)

• The character and external aspect of the cities in which new buildings
are to be erected should be respected, especially in the neighborhood of
ancient monuments, where the surroundings should be given special
consideration. Even certain groupings and certain particularly
picturesque perspective treatment should be preserved.
• A study should also be made of the ornamental vegetation most suited
to certain monuments or groups of monuments from the point of view
of preserving their ancient character.
• It specially recommends the suppression of all forms of publicity, of the
erection of unsightly telegraph poles and the exclusion of all noisy
factories and even of tall shafts in the neighbourhood of artistic and
historic monuments.
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 • The experts heard various communications concerning the use of
modern materials for the consolidation of ancient monuments. They
approved the judicious use of all the resources at the disposal of
modern technique and more especially of reinforced concrete.
• They specified that this work of consolidation should whenever possible
be concealed in order that the aspect and character of the restored
monument may be preserved.
• They recommended their adoption more particularly in cases where
their use makes it possible to avoid the dangers of dismantling and
reinstating the portions to be preserved.
• The Conference noted that, in the conditions of present day life,
monuments throughout the world were being threatened to an ever-
increasing degree by atmospheric agents.

Athens Charter for Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931)

The Conference recommends:

1. That, in each country, the architects and curators of monuments
should collaborate with specialists in the physical, chemical, and natural
sciences with a view to determining the methods to be adopted in specific
cases;
2. That the International Museums Office should keep itself informed of
the work being done in each country in this field and that mention should
be made thereof in the publications of the Office.
In the case of ruins, scrupulous conservation is necessary, and steps
should be taken to reinstate any original fragments that may be recovered
(anastylosis), whenever this is possible; the new materials used for this
purpose should in all cases be recognizable. When the preservation of
ruins brought to light in the course of excavations is found to be
impossible, the Conference recommends that they be buried, accurate
records being of course taken before filling-in operations are undertaken
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 • With regard to other monuments, the experts unanimously agreed that,
before any consolidation or partial restoration is undertaken, a
thorough analysis should be made of the defects and the nature of the
decay of these monuments. They recognized that each case needed to be
treated individually.
• Technical and moral co-operation - the question of the conservation of
the artistic and archaeological property of mankind is one that interests
the community of the States, which are wardens of civilization
• The role of education in the respect of monuments - Recommends that
educators should urge children and young people to abstain from
disfiguring monuments of every description and that they should teach
them to take a greater and more general interest in the protection of
these concrete testimonies of all ages of civilization.

Athens Charter for Restoration of Historic Monuments (1931)

The Conference expresses the wish that:

1. Each country, or the institutions created or recognized competent for
this purpose, publish an inventory of ancient monuments, with
photographs and explanatory notes;
2. Each country constitute official records which shall contain all
documents relating to its historic monuments;
3. Each country deposit copies of its publications on artistic and historic
monuments with the International Museums Office;
4. The Office devote a portion of its publications to articles on the general
processes and methods employed in the preservation of historic
monuments;
5. The Office study the best means of utilizing the information so
centralized.
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 Venice Charter

The Venice Charter for the

Conservation and
Restoration of Monuments
and Sites is a set of
guidelines, drawn up in
1964 by a group of
conservation professionals
in Venice, that provides an
international framework for
the conservation and
restoration of historic
buildings.

Venice Charter: International Charter for the Conservation and

Restoration of Monuments and Sites (1964)
• It codifies internationally accepted standards of
conservation practice relating to architecture
and sites. It sets forth principles of conservation
based on the concept of authenticity and the
importance of maintaining the historical and
Keynote
physical context of a site or building.
The Venice Charter consisted of seven
• The Venice Charter states that monuments are main titles and sixteen articles. The
to be conserved not only as works of art but concept of historic monuments and sites
also as historical evidence. was interpreted as the common heritage,
therefore safeguarding them for the future
• It also sets down the principles of preservation, generations with authenticity being
which relate to restoration of buildings with defined as the common responsibility.
work from different periods.
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 Appleton Charter

The Appleton Charter of

ICOMOS Canada outlines
principles for the
preservation of the built
environment regarding its
protection, value, setting,
relocation, enhancement,
use, additions, and
environmental control.

Appleton Charter for the Protection and Enhancement of Built

Environment (1983)
• The Charter emphasizes management of the
urban environment as an important aspect of
conservation of cultural heritage.
• Levels of intervention (preservation, period
restoration, rehabilitation, period
reconstruction, redevelopment)
Keynote
• Scales of intervention (maintenance,
The five levels of intervention include:
stabilization, addition, removal)
preservation, period restoration,
• The charter recommends that interventions rehabilitation, period reconstruction, and
consider cultural significance, condition and redevelopment, whereas the activities
integrity of the fabric, contextual value, and the include: maintenance, stabilization,
appropriate use of available physical, social, removal, and addition. It is fundamental to
and economic resources. respect for the existing fabric of activities
• It calls for public participation in the decision- pertaining to the protection and
making process. enhancement of built areas.
• The Charter also includes principles of practice,
among which is a recommendation regarding
patina, which seen as part of the historical
integrity of the built environment.
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 Washington Charter

CHARTER FOR THE

CONSERVATION OF
HISTORIC TOWNS AND
URBAN AREAS
Adopted by ICOMOS
General Assembly in
Washington, DC, October
1987

The Washington Charter: Charter on the Conservation of Historic

Towns and Urban Areas (1987)
• It establishes the principles and guidelines for
the protection and conservation of historic
towns. The Charter seeks to complement the
Venice Charter, whose emphasis is on the
individual monument.
• It addresses such issues as:
Keynote
• integration of preservation objectives into
The Washington Charter defines the principles,
planning policies;
objectives, and methods necessary for the
• qualities of historic towns that should be conservation of historic towns and urban
preserved; areas.
• participation of residents in the It also seeks to promote the harmony of both
preservation process; and private and community life in these areas and
• the social and economic aspects of historic to encourage the preservation of those
town preservation cultural properties, however modest in scale,
that constitute the memory of mankind.
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 Nara Conference

The Nara Document on

Authenticity is a document
that addresses the need for
a broader understanding of
cultural diversity and
cultural heritage in relation
to conservation in order to
evaluate the value and
authenticity of cultural
property more objectively.

The Nara Document on Authenticity (1994)

• The Nara Document builds on the Venice

Charter in light of an expanding scope of
cultural heritage concerns.
• The document underscores the importance of
considering the cultural and social values of all
societies.
Keynote
• It emphasizes respect for other cultures, other
The Japanese government took up the
values, and the tangible and intangible
initiative to conduct a meeting and
expressions that form part of the heritage of
organized the Conference jointly with
every culture. There are no fixed criteria to
UNESCO, ICCROM and ICOMOS. The
judge value and authenticity of cultural
experts attending the Conference reached
property; rather it must be evaluated within the
a consensus that "authenticity is an
cultural context to which it belongs.
essential element in defining, assessing,
• Though responsibility for the care and and monitoring cultural heritage."
management of heritage belongs primarily to
the culture that produced it, the document calls
for adherence to the principles and
responsibilities imposed by international
charters
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 Burra Charter

The Australia ICOMOS

Charter for the
Conservation of Places of
Cultural Significance
(1999). The Burra Charter
is a national charter that
establishes principles for
the management and
conservation of cultural
sites in Australia.

Burra Charter (1999)

• The Charter is particularly significant for its

definition of cultural significance and the
standards it outlines for using cultural
significance to manage and conserve cultural
sites.
• It provides an example of how international
principles can be adapted to the values and
needs of a particular nation or particular
cultural groups within that nation.
• he Burra Charter begins with a series of
definitions, such as :
• Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic,
scientific, social or spiritual value for past,
present or future generations.
• Conservation means all the processes of looking
after a place so as to retain its cultural
significance.
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Keynote
The types of actions that might be taken in the
Conservation of a heritage place are defined
as :
Preservation: Maintaining a place in its existing
state and preventing further deterioration.
Restoration: Returning a place to a known
earlier state by removing accretions or by
reassembling existing elements without the
introduction of new material.
Reconstruction: Returning a place to a known
if there is sufficient evidence. and is
distinguished from restoration by the
introduction of new material.'

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 LESSON

#3
LEARNING
OUTC MES
At the end of the lesson,
the student will be able to
discuss the work of
Managing
World
UNESCO and its criteria
for selection of World
Heritage Sites

Heritage
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 World Heritage

Heritage is our legacy from

the past, what we live with
today, and what we pass
on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural
heritage are both
irreplaceable sources of
life and inspiration.

Managing Natural World Heritage © UNESCO / World Heritage Centre

• The goal of this Resource Manual is to help State Parties

to manage natural values within World Heritage
properties. As such it is aimed at natural and mixed
World Heritage properties as well as cultural
landscapes.

• Natural World Heritage sites are inscribed because of

their superlative values relating to scenery and other Keynote
superb natural phenomena geology, ecosystems and/or • The protection, management,
biodiversity. The intention is to help managers authenticity and integrity of properties
understand and incorporate World Heritage concepts are also important considerations.
and processes into natural site management.
• Since 1992 significant interactions
• The Resource Manual is aimed at anyone with an between people and the natural
interest in World Heritage, in particular those environment have been recognized as
responsible for managing natural World Heritage sites, cultural landscapes.
managers and staff of protected areas, local
communities and indigenous peoples engaged in
managing the property, as well as institutions and
businesses operating in or alongside a natural World
Heritage site.
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 • Value Pluralism
• First published Tue Jun 20, 2006; substantive revision Fri Jul 29, 2011
• The word ‘pluralism’ generally refers to the view that there are many of
the things in question (concepts, scientific world views, discourses,
viewpoints etc.) The issues arising from there being many differ widely
from subject area to subject area.

Value Pluralism

• In ethics, value pluralism (also known as ethical pluralism or moral

pluralism) is the idea that there are several values which may be equally
correct and fundamental, and yet in conflict with each other. It has the
implication that there may be many cases in which incompatible values
may be incommensurable, in the sense that there is no objective
ordering of them in terms of importance.

• New World Encyclopedia

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 The Criteria for Selection
• To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal
value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria.
• These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation
of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the text of the Convention, is the
main working tool on World Heritage. The criteria are regularly revised by the
Committee to reflect the evolution of the World Heritage concept itself.
• Until the end of 2004, World Heritage sites were selected on the basis of six
cultural and four natural criteria. With the adoption of the revised Operational
Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, only one set
of ten criteria exists.
Criteria for Selection

• Selection criteria
• (i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
• (ii) to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or
within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or
technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
• (iii) to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a
civilization which is living or which has disappeared;
• (iv) to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or
technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in
human history;
• (v) to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or
sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction
with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact
of irreversible change;
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 Criteria for Selection (Continuation)

• Selection criteria
• (vi) to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas,
or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal
significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be
used in conjunction with other criteria);
• (vii) to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural
beauty and aesthetic importance;
• (viii) to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history,
including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the
development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;
• (ix) to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and
biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water,
coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;
• (x) to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ
conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species
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of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

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 World Heritage Sites in the Philippines

• The UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

has designated six World Heritage Sites in the Philippines. The UNESCO World
Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described
in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention.
• 1. Baroque Churches of the Philippines – San Agustin Church, Sta. Maria Church,
PAOAY Church and Miagao Church.
• 2. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
• 3. Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
• 4. Historic City of Vigan
• 5. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
• 6. Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
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 LESSON

#4
LEARNING
OUTC MES

National
At the end of the lesson,
the student will be able to
discuss the work of NHCP
and its criteria for
selection of National
Heritage examples.
Heritage
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 NHCP

The National Historical

Commission of the
Philippines is a government
agency of the Philippines. Its
mission is "the promotion of
Philippine history and
cultural heritage through
research, dissemination,
conservation, sites
management and heraldry
works."

NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES

• The National Historical Commission of the Philippines
(NHCP), by virtue of Republic Act 10086, is responsible
for the conservation and preservation of the country’s
historical legacies.

• Its major thrusts encompass an ambitious cultural

program on historical studies, curatorial works,
architectural conservation, Philippine heraldry,
historical information dissemination activities,
restoration and preservation of relics and memorabilia
of heroes and other renowned Filipinos.
• The NHCP undertakes the commemoration of
significant events and personages in Philippine history
and safeguard the blazoning of the national government
and its political divisions and instrumentalities. Its five
divisions are Finance and Administrative; Historic
Preservation; Historic Sites and Education; Research,
Keynote
• LEVEL I - Si tes and Structures declared as National
Shri ne, National Historical Landmark, National
Hi s torical Site, and National Monument (Entries with
a s terisks)
• LEVEL II - Si tes and Structures declared as Heritage
Zones/Historic Centers, Heritage Houses and bearing
Hi s torical Markers
• DELISTED - Declared and/or marked historic sites and
s tructures that were removed from the national
regi stry
• LIFTED - Si tes a nd s tructures 50 yea rs old and above
removed of its presumption as Important Cultural
Property (R.A. 10066)

Publications and Heraldry; and Materials Research

Conservation.
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 IDENTIFICATION OF HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES

The criteria for identifying historic sites and structures shall be as follows:

A. Properties strongly associated with important historical events, heroes and illustrious Filipinos
whose distinctive historic contribution endures;

B. Properties that bear strong foreign historical or period influences such as Chinese, Arabic, Spanish,
Mexican, American, or Japanese and those that provide strong evidence of historical relations with
other countries;
C. Sites of first establishments in the Philippines (e.g., site of the first printing press, commercial
house, theater, school, transport system, distillery, etc.); and

D. Groups or clusters of buildings or structures, or a whole precinct, district, or town center,

including plazas, gardens, landscapes, historic ruins, streets, pathways, stairs, bridges, fences, visual
corridors, vista points and other open spaces, town plan patterns, and immediate environs, whose
historic importance is seen in the entirety of the setting, unit, or space rather than in its individual
elements or characteristics.

CLASSIFICATION OF HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES

A. To qualify for consideration, a site or structure as described above being proposed for NHCP
recognition must:
1. Possess demonstrable historical significance; and
2. Be at least fifty (50) years old and seventy (70) percent authentic.
B. Historic sites and structures shall be classified according to the recognition conferred by the NHCP,
as follows:
1. Level I: Declaration of a historic site or structure and installation of a marker
2. Level II: Installation of a historical marker
C. Level I recognition shall entail the declaration of any of the following:
1. Heritage Zone/Historic Center – a historic space, unit, district or cluster of structures and their
environs, with distinctive historical importance in its entirety
2. National Cultural Treasure – a unique cultural property possessing outstanding historical value
and significance
3. National Historical Shrine – A hallowed site or structure in honor of a national hero or highly
significant historical event (e.g., Rizal Shrine in Calamba and Fort Santiago, Aguinaldo Shrine in
Kawit, Pinaglabanan Memorial Shrine in San Juan, Quezon Memorial Shrine in Quezon City, Mabini
Shrine in Tanauan)
4. National Historical Monument/Memorial – An object, structure or site that commemorates,
memorializes or gives reverence to a special historic personage or event (e.g., Rizal National
Monument, Rizal Park; Bonifacio National Monument, Caloocan; Juan Luna Monument, Intramuros;
Quezon Memorial, Quezon City)
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5. National Historical Landmark – (a) A site or structure closely associated with a significant historical
event, achievement, characteristic, turning point or stage in Philippine history (e.g., P. Burgos
Elementary School, Pasay City; Sheik Mahkdum Historical Landmark, Tawi-Tawi); or (b) a structure
made or created by a national hero (e.g., Map of Mindanao by Jose Rizal)
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 Old Town Plaza of Loay, Bohol Bacolod City Public Plaza

National Historical Sites

Old Town of Taal Open Spaces Plaza Pershing in Zamboanga City

Molo Town Plaza, Iloilo City

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Sorsogon Capital Complex Public Square

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 • Under Level 1 or Sites and Structures declared as National Shrine, National
Historical Landmark, National Historical Site, and National Monument (Entries
with asterisks)
• National Historical Landmark (119)
• National Historical Site (6)
• National Monument (7)
• National Shrine (23)

National Historical Landmarks

Location: Las Piñas Church, P. Diego Cera Avenue, Las
Piñas City
Category: Buildings/Structures
Type: House of worship, Declaration marker
Status: National Historical Landmark
Marker date: February 28, 2014
Installed by; National Historical Commission of the
Philippines (NHCP)

Location: The Mansion, V.L. Romulo Drive, Baguio City

Category: Buildings/Structures
Type: House
Status: National Historical Landmark
Legal Basis: Resolution No. 1, S. 2009
Marker dates: 2009
Installed by: National Historical Institute (NHI)

Location: Malacañang Palace, Jose P. Laurel Street, San

Miguel, Manila
Category: Buildings/Structures
Type: Building
Status: National Historical Landmark
Legal basis: NHI Resolution No. 2, s 1998
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Marker date: 8 June 1998

Installed by: National Historical Institute (NHI)

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 Bantayog ng Gomburza Apolinario Mabini National Jose Rizal National
Monument Monument (1913)

National Monuments and National Shrines

Dambana ng Kalayaan, Fort Santiago Labingsiyam na Martir ng Aklan

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Site of the Battle of Mactan

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 SUMMARY

• International movements like the UNESCO,

ICCROM, ICOMOS, and IUCN are very particular
about the preservation of world heritage sites.
• International Charters have been formed through
time which defines certain protocols to follow in
conservation.
• UNESCO has provided a selection criteria and six
of World Heritage Sites have been selected in the
Philippines.
• In our country, the NHCP has also provided
guidelines on heritage sites. Level 1 in the NHCP
consist of National Historical Landmarks (119),
National Historical Sites (6), National Monuments
(7) and National Shrines (23).

KEY TERMS

• International movements
• International Charters
• World Heritage
• National Heritage
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 ASSESSMENT TASK

International Concern on Heritage Issues

Reaction Paper on the target activity to discuss the following:
1) Importance of the conservation process
2) Reasons (threats) to the heritage structure
3) Noted methods of conservation and their purposes
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 REFERENCES

Websites:
Burra Charter and other Charters
ICOMOS
ICCROM
National Historical Commission of the Philippines
UNESCO
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APPENDICES
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THANK YOU!

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