CONCEPT

MAP
GRAVITATION
_....,,:,
r:~. . . -·-·
Worki10ut
.......... I . 1ru1t1t1111I Pltt■tlll and Pot1ntl1I En■ra,
• The grav1tahonal potential at a pomt in the
) ·-·-~ <:LEVEL-I )>====-::..-~!. I
• Critical/Orbital velocity at a height Ir, gravitational field due to a bod y of mass M a t a
distance r from the cen tre of the body is g iven by
I:!) Kepler's Laws
7.
t> -~ - vt:;:-;;
,-vw ~-R lg
-
- vw ·► V= -GM
1 Which o f the following graphs between the square of According to the 'Law of areas; the line that joins any
· the time p erio d and cu be of the distance of the planet planet to the sun sweeps out
When a satellites re,·oh-es close to earth's surfaces, r from the s un is correct?
Gravitational potential energy G ravita tional (a) equal areas in equal intervals of time
h_.,, t_,,
~tent ial x mass of the bod__y.
o, =RJ~l!Gp =Jiii (b)
(c)
unequal areas in equal intervals of time
equal areas in unequal intervals of time•
• Orbital/criticalspeedofasatellitearound the earth
Ulllnnll Llw of &r■wltatlon (a) (d) unequal areas in unequal intervals of time.
s 7.92kms-'
If 1111 = 111 2 = 1 kg and r = 1 m then G = F 8.
Relation between escape velocity and orbital/ (b) A planet moving along an elliptical orbit is closest
critical velocity ol a satellite, r, = R Ji vc • Thus the universal gravitational cons tant is to the sun at a distance of r 1 and farthest away at a
~L,,
numerically equal to the force of attraction
• Time period of a satellite
·► between the two particles of masses unity and
distance of r2. If v 1 and v2 are the linear velocities at
T= 2R(R+lr) = 211 J(R+h)
3
separated by distance of 1 m . these points respectively, then the ratio ~ is
o, GM V2
The value of G in SI system is 6.67 x 10- 11 N m 2
3
_ 211 J<R+lr) _ f311(R+/1)
-R - g- -fep,i3
3 kg- 2and in CGSsystem is 6.67 x 10-8 d yne cm 2 g-2 (c) (d) r•~ ,, (a) ~
'1
(b)
(~ J (c)
.i
r2
(d)
(¼J
lhplitr's La_n 9. Law of areas is valid for any
2 2 )1 /3
Height of a satellite, Ir = ( \ ~ g - R Law of orbits: All planets move in elliptical orbits 2. (a) force (b) central force
A comet of m ass m m oves in a highly elliptical
with the sun situated at one of the foci of the ellipse. (c) attractive force (d) radial force.
orbit around the sun of mass M . The maximum and
=- ·►
M [
........... -....Eaaw ........ Law of area, - = -=constant
li.T 2m
Law of periods, T2 ~ r3 or T2 = kr3
minimum dis tances of the comet from the centre of
the sun ar e r I and r2, resp ectively. The magnitude of
10. Assuming that earth and mars move in circular orbits
around the sun, with the martian orbit being 1.52
angular momentum of the comet with respect to the
I
Potential energy. P.E. = - GMm , where r = (R + Ir) times the orbital radius of the earth. The length of the
r centre of sun is martian year in days is
Kinetic energy, K.E. = .!_ GMm Accel■r■tion due to &rawlty 12 1/2 213
2 r GMr, ] ' GMmTj (a) (1.52) x 365 (b) (1.52) 312 x 365
• Acceleration due to gravity on the earth' s (a) (b) 2
[ [ r1 +r2 ] (c) (1.52) x 365 (d) (1.52) 3 x 365
• Total energy, T.E. = - GMm
2r
(Outer orbiting) GM
surfaces, g = R2
'1+r2
Binding energy of satellite, B.E. = -T.E = GMm Mass of the earth, M = ~
2
(c) 2Gm 2r1r2 ]1/2 (d) [ 2GMm2r1r2 ]U2
l:!J Universal Law of Gravitation
__ 2(R + lr)
·►
11. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius R applies
• .... . .......
• Mean density of earth, p =__
g_
G 3 [ Tj+~ Tj+~ a gravitational force of attraction equal to F1 on a
41CGR
If centripetal acceleration of a satellite is equal
I ..................
to acceleration due to gravity (a = g), then the
apparent weight of the astronaut is zero . <·
•

• Weight of body on earth's surface W= mg

VutaUoa If g with Altitude (hi
R2
g1, = - - - , where h is comparable to R.

3.
4.

If distan ce b etween earth and sun become four times,

then time p erio d b ecomes
(a) 4 times
(c) 1/4 times
(b ) 8 times
(d) 1/8 times
m ade in the sphere as shown
in the figure. The sphere with
cavity now applies a

@
particle placed at P, distance 2R from the centre O of
the sphere. A spherical cavity of radius R/2 is now
O ~
The ratio of m ean distances o f three planets from the
(R+ h)2 gravitational force F2 on same
Sun are 0 .5 : I : 1.5, then the square of time periods
2 •>J g1, = g (1 - 211), where I, «
R R are in the ratio of
particle placed at P. The ratio
F2/F 1 will be
t>,=J¥ =JfiR =J81CiR (a) 1 : 4 : 9
• % decrease in the value of g, (b) I : 9 :4 (a) 1/2 (b) 7/9 (c) (d) 7
(g-g')
• Escape velocity is independent of the mass and (c) 1 : 8: 27 (d) 2: I : 3
direction of projection of the projectile. 21, 12. Two astronauts have deserted their spaceships in a
= - - x 100% =R x 100% 5.
• Escape velocity of a satellite for surface of the 8 Kepler 's law of o rbit was a deviation from the region of space far from the gravitational attraction
e_arth = 11.2 km s- 1 of any other body. Each astronaut has a mass of
i
{a) Cop e rnican Mod el (b ) G alileo's Model
{c) Ptolemy's Mod el (d ) A ryabhatta's Model 100 kg and they are I 00 m apart. They are initially at
V1rlltlo1 If f with D!PJ!!. rest relative to one another. How long will it be before
.............................. E■rlll:
I
6.
• At latitude l, g, a g - Rolcos2l
I • Ata depth d,gd = g(1-11•
When,d= 2/1, (.g,, = gd)
All pla ne ts m ove in ellip tical o rbits with the sun
situated at o n e of the foci of the ellipse. The po int at
the gravitational attraction bring them 1 cm closer
r
• At equator, A = O", so g, • g-Roi2 •)j • % chan ge in g with depth d wh ich the p la n e t is closest to the sun is
together?
At poles, l a 90°, so g, • g (a) 2.52 days (b) 1.41 days
-<· = ~ x 100 %= .:!_ x 100 %
g R
(a) perihelio n
(c) helio n
(b ) aphelion
(d) no ne of these.
(c) 0.70 day (d) 0.41 day
 m,-«;G" Objective MHT-CET Physics 63
Gr(]f!itn/iutt
. s A and B having masses in the rat· 'The acceleration due to gravity on a pl 32. If both mass and the radius of the earth decrease by
rw0 point rnasse z;. kg and radius 2580 km in m s-2is anet of mass
2s
th tw<> bodies 19, ted by a distance of 1 m. When anoth 10 10 I%, then the value of the acceleration due to gravity
62
1' .......... .. - - '
(a) 1 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 100 will
'''"'"",'.°o fm'"Mtip l•"d;obet w«oA,~
(a) decrease by I% (b) increase by I%
increases when their rnasses are
~ )'d of thd"'•
point rnass ( d:11 variation in the acceleration due t (d) remain unchanged.
(•l ...... .,d - • ....,,.., , - b<fW"" A ,od C ;, (c) increase by 2%
!Pi"9Gravity with Altitude, Depth, Latitud:
33. If g is acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the
~) """"".,d
(d - ""- ....,• •- """"' _
•• th<, 8 .,i C. 1h<0 th< d••'"
. 3of C from A ;, and shape earth, then its value at a depth of 1/4 of the radius of
Which of the following statements is correct? the earth is
(d) ,..,....., ....., ........, s M .,d () 'm ~) !m (,) ~m (d) 'm z6. (a) AceeIer.at10n
. . due to gravity increases with (a) 0 (b) g/4 (c) g/2 (d) 3g/4
3
~ T- ....... """" ,r _,. M " ,h ;,,;,;,J ' 3 7
increasing alutude. 34. The acceleration due to gravity decreases by '1g1
1 radii R and 2R are rel~ in free spa~e; R. If .,,.. Measurement of the Gravitational (b) Acceleration due to gravity increases with when a body is taken to a small height h « R. The
12
separation beiween their increasing depth. acceleration due to gravity decreases by L1g2 when
th y attract each other due centres equ
to gravitational force only, 1:,,Di,11
constant (G) (c) Acceleration due to gravity increases with the body is taken to a depth h from the surface of the
then
e the distance covered by th e SJllaller body before . Which of the following staternents 1s
· correct regarding
20 increasing latitude. earth, then (R = Radius of the earth)
collision is (d) !.SR the universal gravitational constant G? . (d) Acceleration due to gravity is independent of (a) 6g = 6g2 (b) 6g1 = 2'1g2
(a) 2.5 R (b) 4.5 R (c) 7·5 R . (a) G bas sarne value in all systems of umts. the mass of the earth. 1
(c) 6g = 26g (d) 6g1 = 4'1g2
15. Legend has it that observing an.apple falhng from a 2 1
(b) The value of G is sarne everywhere in the . A body weighs ~50 Non the surface of the earth. How A hole is drilled half-way towards the centre of the
tree, .... A.... was inSpired to arnve al an .... B.... that universe. 27 much will it weigh half way down to the centre of the 35. earth. A body weighs 200 N on the surface of the
tedtoanexplanationof .... c....aswellasof....D.... (c) The value of G was first experimentally
Here, A, B, Cand D n:fer to earth? earth. How much will it weigh al the bottom of the
determined by Joh~nes Kepler.
A ➔ Newton,B➔ Universal law of Gravitation,
(a) 125N (b) 150N (c) 175N (d) 250N
(a) hole?
(d) G is a vector quantity. . A body has a weight 72 N. When it is taken to a height (d) 250 N
,C➔➔ terrestrial ➔gravitation,
(a) 100 N (b)
D ➔ Kepler's law
150 N (c) 0
u,,;,,n,1 ow ,r G""''"'· IE Accelerati.on due to GravllY
• 28 h = R = radius of earth, it would weigh
M 36. If the spinning motion of the earth increases to two
➔
.-,
➔
c terrestrial gravitation, D Kepler's law (a) 72 N (b) 36 N (c) 18 N (d) zero times its present value then the weight of a body on
A➔ ➔
21. The mass of a planet is twice the mass of earth and
(c) Newton, B Law of Aiea, C terrestrial➔ 9. Toe earth is to be considered as a homogeneous solid the equator
➔
diameter of the planet is thrice the diameter of the 2 sphere. Scientist A goes .deep down in
gravitation, D Kepler's law earth, then the acceleration due to gravity on the mine and (a) becomes double (b) become zero
scientist B goes high up in a balloon. The value of g (c) remains constant (d) decreases.
(d) None of the above planet's surface is measured by 37. Acceleration due to gravity is maximum at
1• -toN-\U o-lawO G"'"'t ioo, (a) f ~) 2 (,) 2g (d) jg (a) A goes on decreasing and that by B goes on
(where RE is the radius of earth)
every body in the universe attracts every other body 2 g Ji. increasing
with a force which Is .....A ..... proportional to the
product of their masses and .....B..... proportional to
9
22. If the diameter of Mars is 6760 km and mass
one-tenth that of the earth. The diameter of earth is
(b) B goes on decreasing and that by A goes on (a) a height fR from the earth's surface
increasing (b) the centre of the earth
the .....C..... of the distance between them. 12742 km. If acceleration due to gravity on earth is (c) each decreases at the same rate
Here, A, Band C refer to 9.8 m s-2, the acceleration due to gravity on (c) the surface of the earth
A-+directly,B ➔ directly,C ➔ cube 2 mars is
2 (d) each decreases at different rates.
(a) (d) a depth RE from the earth's surface
A ➔ directly, B➔ inversely, C ➔ square
(a) 34.8 m s- (b) 2.48 m s-2 30. If radius of the earth contracts 2% and its mass
2 2
(b) (c) 3.43 m s- (d) 28.4 m s- 38. The acceleration due to gravity at the poles and the
, remains the same, then weight of the body at the
(c) A ➔ inversely, B➔ directly, C ➔ square 23. If one assumes that the gravitational force due to the equator is gp and g, respectively. If the earth is a sphere
earth surface
(d) A ➔ inversely, B ➔ inversely, C ➔ cube earth decreases in proportion to the inverse square of (a) will decrease of radius RE and rotating about its axis with angular
, (b) will increase
the distance from the centre of the earth, then which (c) will remain the same (d) data insufficient speed OJ, then Kp - g, is given by
17. Whichofthefollowingstatementslscorrectregarding" '
of the following relation between am (centripetal ,ii r;,2 2 2
the gravitational force? 31. The graph that represents variation of g at the equator (a) - (b) (c) ro R/ (d) ro RE
acceleration of moon), Rm (distance of the moon from 2
(a) The gravitational force Is dependent of the with square of angular velocity of rotation of earth is RE RE
·L ~)·~
center of the earth), g (acceleration due to gravity on
intervening medium.
(b) The gravitational force is a non-conservative the surface of the earth) and RE (radius of the earth) BJ Gravitational Potential and Potential
force.
(c) The gravitational force forms action-reaction
pair.

is correct?
(a) j__= Rm
am RE
(b) j__=(R"'
am Re
r (a)
Energy
39. The mass of the moon = (ii)
G
th mass of the earth
(r
(d) The gravitational force Is a non-central force.
w2 wl and radius of the moon = )radius of the earth.
(,) ·L ·CL
18. A mass m is placed at point plies on the axis of a rin g RE
(c) -= - (d) None of these
.,, of mass Mand
. . radius
al , Rat a distance Rfrom its centre.g am Rm What is the approximate value of escape velocity
The graVJtation ,orce on mass m is 24. If R is the radius of the earth and g the acceleration
for a body on the surface of the moon, if the escape
1
GMm GMm due to gravity on the earth's surface, the mean density velocity for earth is 11.2 km s- ?
(a) r. (b) - 2
1
v2R 2 2R of the earth is (d) (a) I.25kms- 1 (b) 2.skms-1
GMm (c) 5 km s- 1 (d) 10 km s-
(d) GMm (a) 41tG (b) 31tR (c) ~ (d) 1tRg
(c) 2✓2R2 4R 2 3gR 4gG 41tRG
w2 wl
12G
 Grtlt'i11Jlio11
15
1he critical speed of a satellite orbiting very dose to
49, Which one of the following plots represents th ;6, the surface of the earth is 63. A satellite is orbiting just above the aurfacc of the
variation of gravitational field F on a particle w·1the 2
(g = !Om s- and R= 6.4 x 106 m) earth with period T. If p is the average density of the
40. The ratio of the kinetic energy required to be given distance r due to a thin spherical shell of radius R? 3 1
to a satellite to escape from the earth's gravity to the (r is measured
Ii
1
from the centre ofFthe spherical sh e 1) (a) s x 10 4m s- I (b) 4 x 1()3 m s- 1 earth and G is the universal constant of gravitation,
kinetic energy required to be given to it so that it (c) 16 x 10 ms- (d) 2 x 104 m 5-1 . -3lt represents 1'ts
i ~
the quantity
11
moves in a circular orbit just above the earth's surface is Gd
An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit
(a) .[2 (b) 4 (c) 2✓2 (d) 2 C•l (bl 7
5 . around the earth, with a speed which is equal to half
(a) periodic time
41. A planet has twice the radius of the earth but the ~ r O~r the magnitude of the escape velocity from the earth. (b) square of the period
mean density is I/ 4th as compared to earth-What is What is the height of the satellite above the surface of (c) cube of the periodic time
~
Ii f.
the ratio of escape velocity from earth to that from
J~r r 1'
the earth? (d} square root of the periocl
the planet? (,) (d) R
R 64. Two satellites are in the parking orbits around the
(a) l: l (b) l : 2 (c) 2: 1 (d) 3: 1 (a) 2R (b) R (c) (d)
OR ~r 2 4 Earth. Mass of one is 5 times that of the other. The
42. Toe percentage by which the moon should move If the orbital velocity of a planet is given by
faster, so that it escapes from the gravitational field of . each of mass Mand radius Rares eparat d ratio of their periods of revolution is
50, Two spheres 58. v"' G°MbR', then
Y a .d1stance of r. Toe gravitational . e (a) 25 (b) ,F, (c) I (d) ~
the earth is d . · potential
(a) 41.4% (b) 20% (c) 50% (d) 64.3% tb e m1 -pomt of the line joining the cent res of the
at I _I _ 1 1 1 I 65. What is period of revolution of the Earth satellite?
43, Toe angular velocity of rotation of a planet of mass h (a) a=2,b-2,c--2 (b) a=2,b=-2,c=2 Ignore the height of satellite above the surface of the
M and radius R, at which the matter starts to escape spheres is 2GM 1 I _ 1 Earth. Given, the value of gravitational acceleration
GM (b) (c} a=2•b=-2•c--2 g= 10 m s-2, radius of the Earth R,= 6400 km_
from its~tor is /2GM (a) - -
r 4GM I I _ I (Take, 11 = 3.14)
(al f"iT !bl vT (c)
GM
--
2r
(d)
r
(d) a=3,b=3,c--3 (a) 85min (b) 156min
fiG2M
VT riGM2 51. If v, is escape velocity and v0 is orbital velocity of a
59. Two satellites of the earth, S1 and S2, are moving
(c) 83.73 min (d) 90min
(c) (d) VR_R_ satellite for orbit dose to the earth's surface. Then in the same orbit. The mass of S1 is four times the 66. The time period of an earth-satellite in circular orbit
44. If the gravitational potential energy of a body on these are related by mass of S2• Which one of the following statements is
a planet is numerically equal to U and the escape is independent of
true?
velocity of the same body ~ V,. then (a) v0 = ✓2v, (b) Vo= v, (a) the mass of the satellite
(a} S1and S2 are moving with the same speed.
U f#M U mGM (d) v, = ✓2 v0 (b) radius of the orbit
(a) -=M -
V, 2R
(b) -
V, =R-
(c) V
'
=~
2
(b) The kinetic energies of the two satellites are
(c) none of them
equal.
52. How much energy will be necessary for making a (d) both of them.
(c) -= V,
u~M -2R (d) v=
u~R
, - GM body of 500 kg to escape from the earth? (c} The time period of S1is fourtimes that of S2•
67. A satellite of mass m is launched from the earth's
6 (d} The potential energies of earth and satellite in
45. Two plan~ A and _B have the same material density. [g = JO m s-2, radius of earth = 6.4 x 10 m) the two cases are equal. surface in a circular orbit. If Mand R denote the mass
10
If ~e radius of A LS twice the radius of B, then the (a) 6.4 x 108 J (b) 3.2 x 10 J and radius of the earth respectively, then the total
ratio of their escape velocities (vAlvs) is 6 60. A satellite is placed in a circular orbit around the earth
(c) 6.4 x 10 12 J (d) 3.2 x 10 J energy of the satellite at an altitude 2R is
at such a height that it always remains stationary with
(a) 1
(b) 2:1 (c) ✓2:l (d) I: ✓2
2
.u;, Toe gravitational potential energy of a body of mass
BJ Earth Satellites respect to the earth surface. In such case, its height
from the earth surface is
(a) GMm
6R (b)
GMm
3R
m o~ ~e earth's surface is -mgRr What will be its 53. Toe orbital velocity of an artificial satellite in a (a) 32000km (b) 36000km GMm GMm
=tational potential energy at a height R from the circular orbit just above the earth's surface is V0. For a (c) 6400km (d) 4800km
(c) -2R (d)
ce of the earth? (R, is the radius of th; earth.) satellite orbiting at an altitude of half of earth's radius, 6R
1 I the orbital velocity is 61. A satellite is revolving around the earth in circular 68. An artificial satellite of mass 200 kg, revolves around
(a) - mgR,
2 (b)
2mgR, 2 rz 3 f3
orbit at an altitude h where the acceleration due to the earth in an orbit of average radius 6670 km_ What
gravity is g. If the earth is a sphere of radius R then is its orbital kinetic energy?
(c) 2mgR, (d) -2mgR, (a) 3Yo (b) v-lo (c) zvo (d) Vzvo the period of the satellite is given by [Mcarth = 6 x Ia24 kg, G = 6.67 x 10- 11 N m2 kg-2]
47. Toe radius of a planet is R and its density is p. The
54. The orbital velocity for an earth satellite near the (a) 3 x 109 joule (b) 6 x 109 joule
escape velocity of a body from the surface of the
surface of the earth is 8 km sec-1. If the radius of (a) T=27tH (b) T=2njf, (c) 9 x 109 joule
planet is proportional to (d) 7.5 x 109 joule
I the orbit is 4 times the radius of the earth, its orbital
(a) V, oc R.{p (b) V, oc Jpi_ velocity will be /R+h [R=-i;
69. An artificial satellite with kinetic energy (EK) is
(a) 8 km s- 1 (c) T=2rt~g' (d) T=2y7 revolving round the earth in a circular orbit How
(b) 16 km s- 1
f
I
I much more kinetic energy should be given to it, so
4 km s- 1 8✓2 km s- 1
( (c) V, ex: pR (d) V, oc (c) (d) 62. A satellite going around the earth suddenly loses that it may just escape into outer space?
48. A high jumper can jump 2.0 m on the earth. With 55. Two satellites X and Y are moving in ci rcular orbits of height and starts moving in an orbit of smaller radius. (a) 2EK • (b) 3EK (c) EK (d) E,J2
the same effort how high will he be able to jump radii R and ZR respectively, around the same planet. Then its periodic time
on a planet whose density is one-third and radius What is the ratio of their critical velocities? 70. By what percent, the energy of a satellite has to be
(a) will not changed (b) is increased
one-fourth those of the earth?
(a) 4m (b) Sm (c) 12m (d) 24m (a) ✓2:1 (b) ✓3 : 1 (c) I: h (d) I: 2
(c) is dec reased
(d) may increase or decrease. (a) 15 % (b)
~r ?
increased to shift it from an orbit of radius r to
2
20.3 % (c) 66.7 % (d) 33.33%
 M,i;G- Objective MHT-CET Physics

...
GrtfVilllliOII
If a body is taken to a place where there Is no gravity, 41tlGM Ill d) (41tGM )Ill - 6,
A uniform sphere of mass
then (c) (~ ) ( R2 R M and radius R exerts a ~
force F on a small mass _.· · • •.
12. Four ns"'d
17
(a) both mass and its weight become zero ve . r-" es each of mass are placed at the
III
74
. Which of following statements Is only correct about .
m situated at a distance •.·-'·- .. ......? rtices of a 5qUare of side L The potential - . . of
(b) neither its mass nor its weight becomes zero •. • .• p the system is -··o,
satellites? of 2R from the centre O
(c) its mass becomes zero but not its weight
(d) its weight becomes zero but its mass remains
(a) A satellite cannot move in a s.table orbit in a
plane passing through the earths centre.
of the sphere. A spherical
R is cut from th
~ (a) -~(2-..!._)
I .Ji
Portion. ofIi diameter
the same
72. Astronauts in a stable orbit around the earth are said
(b) Geostationary satellites are launched in the
equatorial plane.
shown m
.
gure. Th ,
f h
e ,orce of attraction
remain mg part o t e sphere and the mas
e sphere as
b
etween the (b) - ~ ( 2+
I
I)
Ji
to be in a weightless condition. The reason for this is smwil)be
that
(a) the capsule and its contents are falling freely at
(c) We can use just one geostationary satellite for
global communication around the globe. (a)
F
3
b
( )
2F
3 (c)
4F
-
3
(d)
7F
-
9
(c) -~(.Ji+..!._)
I .Ji
(d) The speed of satellite increases with the increase Two stars each of mass m and radius R
the same rate
(b) there is no gravitational force acting on them in the radius of its orbit.
7,
.
.
. ·
approach
each other to co 11 1de head-on. Initially the stars are
at a distance r(_»R). Assuming their speeds to be
(d) -~(.Ji-..!._)
I .Ji
(c) the gravitational force of the Earth balances that 75. A synchronous relay satellite reflects TV signals and negligible at this distance of separation, the speed B. The mass of the earth is 6 x Ia24 kg and that of the
of the Sun transmits TV programme from one part of the world with which the stars collide is 2
(d) there is no atmosphere at the height at which moon is 7.4 x lo2 kg. The potential energy of the
to the other because its earth-moon system is -7.79 x 1028 J. The mean
they are orbiting.
73. What is the height of a geostationary satellite in
(a) period of revolution is greater than the period (a) Jcm(½-;) (b) fm( 2
~ -;) distance between the earth and moon is
(G = 6.67 x 10- 11 Nm2 1cg-2)
of rotation of the earth about its axis 8
(a) 3.8 x 10 m (b) 3.37 x 106 m
✓Gm( +;)
terms of M, R, G and T ? (T = Length of the day and
the other symbols have their usual meanings in the
following options)
(b) period of revolution is less than the period of
rotation of the earth about its axis (c) Jcm(½+;) (d)
2
~
(c) 7.60 x ID4 m (d) 1.9 x 102 m
14. Two satellites of earth S1 and Si are moving in the
2)Ill +R
GMTz )Ill (c) period of revolution is equal to the period of 8. A body of mass m rises to a height SR from the surface same orbit The mass of S1 is four times the mass of
Si- Which one of the foUowing statements is true?
(a)
(GMT
4n
2
(b) ( - 4x2 -R rotation of the earth about its axis of earth. If g is the acceleration due to gravity at the
surface of earth, the increase in potential energy is (a) The potential energies of earth and satellite in
(d) mass is less than the mass of earth.
(R = radius of earth) the two cases are equal
,,-- •-> 4 5 6 (b) S1 and S2 are moving with the same speed.
L,...,.. , -~ - ...
-----~~--~ ~ LEVEL-II }l'- w. - .. ..,
l 9.
(a) - mgR (b) - mgR (c) - mgR
5 6 7
Three particles each of mass m are placed at the
(d)mgR (c) The kinetic energies of the two sateUites are
equal
(d) The time period of S1is four times that of Si-
p
4. Three identical bodies of mass M are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side r as shown in
I. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity given figure. 15. A point mass m is placed inside a spherical sheU of
equal to half the escape velocity from the surface of
the earth. The ball rises to a height h above the surface
of the earth. lf the radius of the earth is R, then the
ratio h/R is

vertices of an equilateral triangle of side L. They

revolve undet the effect of lnutual gravitational
force in a circular orbit, circumscribing the triangle
while preserving the equilateral triangle. Their orbital

The magnitude of the gravitational

force on any one particle due to other
two is
✓3Gm 2

mL radius R and mass Mat a distance R/2 from the centre

of the shell. The gravitational force exerted by the
sheU on the point mass is
GMm GMm
I ✓3Gm 2 (a) R2 (b)
(b) - - Rl
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3 velocity is (a)
2r2 r2
(c) zero (d) 4 GMm
{GM (3cM Gm 2 Gm 2
2.
3
A body is projected up with a velocity equal to - of
4 (al VT (b) vu (c)
r
2 (d) - 2
r
2
R2
16. If an artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit
around the earth with a speed equal to quarter the
the escape velocity from the surface of the earth. The 10. Two identical spheres each of mass M and radius R
{2cM
height it reaches is (Radius of the earth= R)
(a) !OR (b) 9R (c) 9R (d) !OR
(c) J3~M (d) vn are separated by a distance !OR. The gravitational
force on mass m placed at the midpoint of the line
magnitude of the escape velocity from the earth, the
height of the satellite above the surface of the earth is
(where R = Radius of the earth)
9 7 8 3 5. A uniform ring of mass M and radius R is placed joining the centres of the spheres is R R
3. The masses and the radii of earth and moon are directly above a uniform sphere of mass SM and of (a) zero (b) 2GMm (a) 2R (b)
2 (c) 7R (d)
4
2
M1, R1 and M2 , R2 respectively. Their centres are at same radius R. The centre of the ring is at a distance 25R 17. Two balls A and B are thrown vertically upwards
distance d apart. The minimum speed with which a GMm from the same location on the surface of the earth
of d = ✓3 R from the centre of the sphere. The (d) GMm
.,,
particle of mass m should be projected from a point
midway between the two centres so as to escape to
infinity is
gravitational attraction between the sphere and the
ring is

(c)
25R 2 100R2
II. A geostationary satellite is orbiting the earth at a
with velocities 2/¥ and M respectively, where
----- height of 6R above the surface of earth, R being the R is the radius of the earth and g is the acceleration
2G(M1 +M2 ) GM 2 3GM 2 radius of earth. The time period of another satellite at due to gravity on the surface of the earth. The ratio of
(a) (b) J2G(M1+M2 )d (a) (b)
R2 a height of 2.5R from the surface of earth, is the maximum height attained by A to that attained by
d 2R 2
(c) JG(M1+M2 )d (d) 2/(M1 +M2 ) 2GM 2 ✓3GM 2 (a) IO hour (b) (6/ Jz) hour Bis
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 4✓2
(c) (d)
vi d ✓2R2 ~ (c) 6 hour (d) 6✓2 hour
....
 nti1G' Objective MHT·CET Physles
GrtTVitafion
th acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's
23. Suppose: e m s·2 and at the surface of Mars it is 69
. correspon din~ to a planet of 1he acceleration due to gravity on moon is !111 times
The escape velocity , surface_~s 1~ k passenger goes from the Earth to the
M d di R is 50 km s·. If the planets
: : : anda;:di: w':re 4M and R respectively, then the
4.0 ms · A gh _ moving with a constant velocity
Mars in a spa;::r i!bjects in the sky. Which part of
the accel~ration due ~o ravity on earth. If th: ratio f
the density of earth P, to the density of moon 'p:•
(a) iiJ¾ (b) ~
corresponding escape velocity would be . 1 O
Neglect all sents the weight (net gravitational
figure best rep re . ft' me? is ~, then the radius of moon 'R,,.' in terms of the
i~ )¾
_,m;~~°"'.' .
(a) 100 km s•I (b) 50 km s_1 (c) (d) (JEEMoin)
3
(c) 200 km s·' (d) 25 km s . radius of eart h 'R, '.1s
. f, rtical finng. The IO. If Re be the radius of Earth, then the ratio between
19. A 5000 kg rocket is s~t or _ve . 'tial upward
d' 800ms· Togivean1D1 the acceleration due to gravity at a depth r below and
exhaust spee 15 _2di amount of gas ejected
a height r above the earth surface is (Given: r < Re)
acceleration of 20 mi5 ilie eneeded thrust will be
per second to supp Y 1+...!:..._.c_ r3
(g= lOms· )
2

(a) 127.5 kg s·I (b) 187.5 km s_1

.1
200N C (d) L1)R, (a)
RE Ri -Rf (b)
r
l+Rr+~+Rf
,) r3

(c) 185.5 km s· 1 (d) !37.5 km 5 10 time (MHT-CET)

. d S are revolving round a planet D Toe difference in t~e acceleration due to gravity at the
(c) 1-...!:..._.c__..c_ (d) 1+...!:..._.C.+..C.
20. Two satellites S1 an 2 . • ular orbits of radius (b) B (c) C (d) D
4.
pole and equator 1s (g = acceleration due to gravity, Re Ri ~ Re Ri ~
. Janar and concentnc circ . (a) A
: ~ R in the same direction respectively. Their R = radius of earth, 9 = latitude, m = angular velocity, (JEE Main)
r:spectivi periods of revolution are 1 ~ and 8 hr. 24 An artificial satellite is made ~ cos 0° = 1, cos 90° =O) I I. A mass of SO kg is placed at the centre of a uniform
The radius of the orbit of satellite S, is equal to
· to move in circular orbits of \_ c spherical shell of mass 100 kg and radius 50 m. If
different radii aroun~ the ear th - E " - Roi
104 km. Their relative speed when they are closest, ID (a)/ (b) mcos29 the gra_vitational potential at a point, 25 m from the
The variations of its kinetic r centre IS V kgim. The value of Vis
kmph,is
(a) 11/2 X 104 (b) 11 X 10
4 energy, potential energy and ~ (c) Rm
2
(d) Rei cos2 9 (a) +2G (b) -2OG
4 total energy (E) in different / "
(c) 211 x 104 (d) 411 x 10 (MHT-CET) (c) -4G (d) -60G
orbits is shown in the figure by
21. A satellite is launched into a circular _or~it of radius 5. Toe approximate height from the surface of earth at (JEE Main)
different curves.
R around earth while a second satellite 1s launched
into an orbit of radius i.O2R. The percentage
Then for the satellites,
(a) A represents the kinetic energy, B the potential
which the weight of the body becomes ! of its weight
on the surface of earth is 3
fmiJ
12. The mass of a spaceship is 800 kg. It is to be launched
difference in the time period is energy and C the total energy [Radius of earth R = 6400 km and ✓3 = 1.732] from the earth's surface out into free space. The value
(a) 0.7 (b) l.O (b) A represents the potential energy, B the kinetic of g and R (radius of earth) are 10 m!s2 and 6400 km
(a) 3840 km (b) 4685 km
(c) 1.5 (d) 3.0 energy and C the total energy respectively. The required energy for this work will be
(c) 2133 km (d) 4267 km
22. Which of the following correctly indicates the (c) A represents the potential energy, B the kinetic
(JEE Main) (a) 6.4 x 108 Joule (b) 6.4 x 109 Joule
approximate effective values ofg on various-~arts of a energy and C the total energy (c) 5.12 x 10 10 Joule (d) 6.4 x 10 11 Joule.
journey to the moon? (All values are ID ms ) (d) A represents the total energy, B the kinetic 6. Toe distance between Sun and Earth is R. The
duration of year if the distance between Sun and (MHT-CET)
Before take One minute In earth's On the energy and the potential energy 13. Two satellites A and B go around the earth in circular
Earth becomes 3R will be
offfrom afterlift-olf orbit moon 25. A research satellite of mass 200 kg circles the earth in orbits at heights of RA and R8 respectively from the
earth an orbit of average radius 3R/2, where R is the radius (a) ✓3 years (b) 3 years
surface of the earth. Assuming earth to be a uniform
9.80 1.6 of the earth. Assuming the gravitational pull on a (c) 9 years (d) 3✓3 years sphere of radius R,. the ratio of the magnitudes of
(a) 9.80
1.6 mass 1 kg on earth's surface to be 10 N, the pull on (JEE Main) their orbital velocities is
(b) 9.80 0.98
the satellite will be
(c)
(d)
9.80
9.80 0
9.8 X 6
1.6
(a) 88ON
(c) 894 N
(b) 889 N
(d) 892 N
7. Three identical particles A, B and C of mass 100 kg
each are placed in a straight line with AB = BC= 13 m.
The gravitational force on a fourth particle P of the
(a)
!ft
A
(b)
RB +R,
RA +R,
same mass is F, when placed at a distance 13 m from RB+ R, RA
the particle B on the perpendicular bisector of the (c)
RA +R,
(d) fi;; (MHT-CET)
line AC. The value of Fwill be approximately
(a) 21 G (b) 100 G (c) 59 G (d) 42 G
Selected MCQs from MHT-CET & JEE Main (JEE Main)
14. Consider two solid spheres
]4
of radii R1=1 m, R2 =2 m
;;3
mD and masses M, and M2, '
respectively.
·.82 <I l
The l!
(D ~
8, The escape velocity of a planet having mass 6 times ~I
mD 2. The escape velocity of a body from the surface of the and radius 2 times as those of the earth is gravitational field due to (.l
0 I 2 3 4 S
I. The time period 'T' of a satellite is related to the earth is 11.2 km/s. The escape velocity of a body from
(a) ✓3v, (b) 3v, (c) ✓2v, (d) 2v, sphere <D and ~ are RJdiusR
density (p) of the planet which is orbiting close a planet having same mean density as the earth but f M1 .
around the planet as twice the radius of earth is (MHT-CET) shown. The value o Mz IS

(a) Tocp· 112 (b) Toc p

(a) 11.2kmls (b) 33.6 km/s 9. Two identical particles of mass 1 kg each go round
(a) 2/3 (bl 1/6
(c) 5.Skm/s (d) 22.4km/s a circle of radius R, under the action of their mutual
(c) Tocp 112 (d) Tocp-312 (c) 1/2 (d) 113
gravitational attraction. The angular speed of each
(MHT-CET) (MHT-CET) (JEEMllin)
particle is
 t\ttG- Objective MHT-CET PhYsits

A satellite is in an elliptica1orhit. arou nd a planet P. 1 of acce1eration due to gravity . at Earth',•

. when 22. The va ue _2 The altitude above its surface at
th
lt is observed that the veloci~ of_ e ~atel~i~:n that surface is 9.S ml s ~- n due to gravity decreases to
it is farthest from the planet is 6 times_ es~ d' tances 2 acce era i(oRadius of earth= 6.4 x 106 Ill)
which the
- 1·s close to 6
when it is closest to the planet. The ratio O 15 t and 4.9ms • 6 (b) 2.6x 10 m
between the satellite and the planet at c1oses (a) 1.6 x 106 m (d) 9.0 x 106 m
farthest points is d) 3 4 10
(a) l : 6 (c) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 2 ( (c) 6.4 x m (/EE Main)
:
(JEE Main)
16. A "-J.., is moving in a low circular orbit about .a
1

i;

'"""7of mass M and rad'ms R· The radius of the orbit

planet d . Em]A bodyI is_ tyth~o~nm/s
u from
Thethe surcace of
maximum the ...
height earth
;,. rn
,..n L- taken to be Ritself. Then the ratio of t~e spee with vehoc1 c of th.e earth upto which it will reach
'-- uc h IOcity from above t e suriace • d .
of this bod"· in the orbit to t e escape ve d' f earth g = acceleration ue to gravity)
, is (R = ra ms o ,
the planet is 2u2R
2 1 d) 1 u2R
(a) Ji (b) (c) 'i ( (a) 2 (b) gR-u'
v1. (JEEMain) 2gR-u

(c)
u2R2 u2R
(d)
-17. The radius of the Earth and the radi~s oforbit ar~und !i 2
2gR -u 2
R-u2
the Sun are 6371 km and 149 x 10 km respecti~el!' i g (MHT-CET)
The order of magnitude of the diameter of the orbit ts !
greater than that of Earth by i 24· A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a height 'h'
2
(a) 103 (b) 10 (c) 104 (d) 105 !
above the surface of the earth of radius 'R'. The speed
of the satellite in its orbit is one-fourth. The escape
(MHT-CET)
18. The kinetic energy of a revolving satellite (mass m) at
i:::
,

velocity from the surface of the earth. The relation

a height equal to thrice the radius of the earth (R) is between 'h' and 'R' is

(a) "'f (b) ~!R (c) "'t mt

(d) i
(a) h = 2R
(c) h = SR
(b) h=3R
(d) h=7R
(MHT-CET) i 25. (MHT-CET)
19. Abody is projected vertically from the surface of the ! A body of mass m is moving in a circular orbit of
earth of radius 'R' with velocity equal to half of the ! radius R about a planet of mass M. At some instant,
escape velocity. The maximum height reached by the ! it splits into two equal masses. The first mass moves
body is i in a circular orbit of radius Ii ,and the other mass, in
w: oo : w: ~ ¾ I
2
a circular orbit of radius 3R . The difference between
(MHT-CET) j
2
the final and initial total energies is
20. What is the minimum energy required to launch a !
satellite of mass m from the surface of the earth of ! (a) +~ GMm
mass M and radius R at an altitude 2R? i 6R {b) 2R
~
(a) 2GMm / (c)
--GMm
2R (d)
GMm
-6R (JEE Main)
(c) G2m ::: ~~"' l 26, ~u_ppose that the angular velocity of rotation of earth
1s mcreased. Then, as a consequence
(MHT-CET) !
21. ~ satellite ~s moving with a constant speed v in \ (a) there will be no change in weight anywhere on
the earth
~1rc_ular orbit around the earth. An object of mass m !
1s eJected fro~ t?e satellite such that it just escapes !
(b) Weight of the object, everywhere on the earth,
f~om_ the graVI~ah~nal pull of the earth. At the time of ! will increase
eJection, the kinetic energy of the object is !
l : (c) except at poles, Weight of the object on tht t.arth
(a) -mv2 (b) 2 mv2 (c) ~mv2 (d) mv2 : will decrease
2 2
(/EE Main) (d) Weight of the object, everywh,r, un tht •~
will decrease. (/U t1 _