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Character Formation 1 Final

BS Criminology (University of Southern Mindanao)

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Character Formation 1
Nationalism and Patriotism

CFLM 221

Mae Ann B. Asuna

2021

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato

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CHAPTER 1

GENERAL CONCEPT OF CHARACTER

Aims and Learning outcomes:

That students can:
1. Discuss the foundation of Character Formation
2. Determine the contributing factor of Character Formation
3. Learn the Legal Aspect of Character Evidence
4. Understand the nature of Character Evidence

The term character was derived from the Geek word “charassein”, referring to
an engraving instrument; originally used of a mark impressed upon a coin or the
mark cut by it. Then it was applied to a distinctive mark of the personality; and
gradually, to the sum total of such marks, each individual one is being called
characteristics (Bartemeir, 2019).

Character signifies the relatively fixed or continuing group of an individual

personality attributes of a person or the characteristics pattern of behavior of an
individual. The social, emotional, and intellectual manifestations of a character are
called personality, and character is roughly equivalent to personality (American
Psychiatric Association).

What is character Formation?

Character formation is the process by which the individual, through interaction

of biologically transmitted predispositions with the environment, develops stable
pattern of functioning, thinking and feeling. It is also known as, Character Building.
(Donald 2006).

Three perspectives of character, namely:

1. Social Perspective – This is how the people in the community view a person’s
character based on the community’s social standard.

2. Institutional Perspective – Refers to the institution’s view on an employee’s

character and reputation based on institutional standard; and

3. Legal Perspective – This refers to how the law, policy, or Supreme Court ruling
affects a person’s character or reputation in terms of violation and legal
responsibility.

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Definition of Terms:

Character – Is defined to be the possession by a person of certain qualities of mind

and morals, distinguishing him from others. (People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee,
G.R No. 139070, May 29, 2002).

Reputation – is the opinion generally entertained of a person derived from the

common report of the people who are acquainted from him (People of the Philippines
vs. Noel Lee, G.R No. 139070, May 29, 2002).

Good moral Character – includes all the elements essential to make such a
character; among these are the common honesty and veracity, especially in all
professional intercourse; a character that measures up as good among people of the
community in which the person lives, or that is up to the standard of the average
citizen; that status which attaches to a man of good behavior and upright conduct.
(People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No. 139070, May 29, 2002).

Contributing Factors for Character Formation:

1. Parental Influence
Parental influence is the most important of all, it is the factor responsible for
personality development. The way parents behave with the child, how much he is
allowed to socialize, the kind of culture make-up of his parents, all these have a
great bearing on the child’s mental growth and establish a great influence to their
children’s character.

2. Home environment
Home as a cradle of human character and personality largely contribute to the
character formation of a child. It is said that parents are the first educators of the
children. It is their parental guidance and discipline that creates the kind of character,
personality and attitude of the child has.

3. School Environment
To perfect the total development of a child’s character and attitude, besides
the home environment, a child’s school environment too plays a major role in
shaping a child’s personality. A child’s personality is greatly influenced by the way he
treated in school, both by his teachers as well as his peers. The school reinforce the
education that the child needs that home fails to provide.

4. Culture

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Everyone has different character and values because of the different cultures
where everyone is exposed. Sociologist found out that different cultures have
different values and a child grows up with them, sub-consciously absorbing the
same.

LEGAL ASPECT OF CHARACTER:

CHARACTER EVIDENCE
(Rule 130, Rules of Court – Rules of Admissibility)

General Rule:

Character Evidence
Sec 51. Character evidence not generally admissible; exceptions: -
(a) In criminal Cases:
 The accused May prove his good moral character which is pertinent to the
moral trait involved in the offense charged.
 Unless in rebuttal, the prosecution may not prove his bad moral character
which is pertinent to the moral trait involved in the offense charged.
 The good or bad moral character of the offended party may be proved if it
tends to establish in any reasonable degree the probability or improbability of
the offense charged.
(b) In Civil Cases:

Evidence of the moral character of a party in civil case is admissible only

when pertinent to the issue of character involved in the case.

(c) In the case provided for in Rule 132, Section 14, (46a, 47a)

The rule is that the character or reputation of a party is regarded as legally

irrelevant in determining a controversy, so that evidence relating thereto is not
admissible (People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No. 139070, May 29, 2002).

Reason: If the issue in the case were allowed to be influenced by evidence of the
character or reputation of the parties, the trial would be apt to have aspects of a
popularity contest rather than a factual injury into the merits of the case (People of
the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No. 139070, May 29, 2002).

Exceptions to the general rule (see Rule 130, Rules of Court)

While the Good or Bad Moral Character may be availed of as an aid to

determine the probability or improbability of the commission of an offense (Section
15, Rule 123), there are cases where evidence of good or bad moral character is Not
Availed off:

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Legal Effect of Character and Reputation

Character Reputation Legal Effects
Presumption of innocence; An inference
Good Character Good Reputation arises that the accused did not commit
the crime charged
Good Character High Reputation Theory: The accused is not likely to have
committed the act charged against him.
(Sub-par 1, Sec.51, Rule 130; People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No.
139070, May 29, 2002).

When bad moral character may be proved?

In rebuttal and when such evidence is pertinent to the moral trait involved in the
offense charged (Sub-par 2, Sec.51, Rule 130)

Note: Once the defendant raises the issue of his good character, the prosecution
may, in rebuttal, offer the evidence of the defendant’s bad character. Otherwise, a
defendant, secure from reputation, would have a license to unscrupulously impose a
false character upon the tribunal (People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No.
139070, May 29, 2002).

Nature of Character Evidence

Privilege of the defendant – The offering of character evidence on his behalf is a

privilege of the defendant and the prosecution cannot comment on the failure of the
defendant to produce such evidence.

Distinction on how character is defined

Point of Social Definition Institutional Legal Definition
Comparison Definition
Basis of definition Mores, Folkways, Institutional Written law (Republic
Norms policy/Manual Acts)
Criminal Social Sanction Administrative Criminal case
liability/Legal (Shame) Case
Consequence
Positive/Negative Promotion/ Presumption of
Effect Reputation Separation innocence; An inference
arises that the accused
did not commit the crime
charged
Bad/good family Bad/good policy; The accused is not likely
Theory upbringing/socializatio Bad/good to have committed the
n discipline act charged against him.

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(Sub-par 1, Sec.51, Rule 130; People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No.
139070, May 29, 2002).

\
CHAPTER 2
FILIPINO INFLUENCES TRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS

Aims and Learning outcomes:

That students can:
1. Compare the positive and negative Filipino Traits
2. Recognize the traits underscoring Filipino values
3. Identify Filipino values orientation

The Philippines is a meeting point for cultures from all over the Asia and the
Pacific because it has been a crossroads between east and west and the merging of
cultures reflects the country’s culture and its people. It comes from various ethno-
linguistic groups that are native to the islands or migrants from various Asia Pacific
regions, Filipinos are the people who naturally born or recognized with the Philippine
country. (Joaquin, 1998).

China, the United States, Spain and mainly influence the modern Filipino
identity. Though Filipinos are racially similar to Malays but in terms of culture they are
more like Spaniards. Thus, it could be claimed that Filipinos are the most hot-
bloodied and brave citizens in the tropical Asian cultures. Like other countries, the
Philippines has its opposing values and labels, it is believed by the Filipinos that the
country have the best values in the world. Though it has experienced colonization by
several countries, but the core values it has gained from the Filipino ancestors
remained intact and are still honored today like the bayanihan or spirit of kinship and
camaraderie implanted by Malay ancestors and close family ties inherited by the
Chinese ascendants.

THE MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND ATTITUDES OF THE FILIPINO

POSITIVE TRAITS

1. Hospitality

Hospitality is a trait displayed by every Filipino characterized by heartwarming

generosity and friendliness exhibited to foreigners and local alike.

Hospitality of Filipinos is shown in the following sample situations:

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 When a person visits a friend’s house, the host greets him or her with a
very warm welcome. The host will immediately let their visitor sit down
and will prepare a meal and snack, the host will insist that the friend will
not leave the house with the empty stomach.
 People offer their guest room to the visitor if they’re going to spend the
night
 Meals offered to guests are very special.

2. Respect
This is often observed-not just by younger people-but also by people of all
ages. In the Philippines, respect for one’s elders is a tradition.

 Po and Opo – These words are spoken by the Filipinos when talking to
the elders, or in order to show respect to persons in authority. These
Filipino words mean “yes”, when answering or talking to the elders.
 Pagmamano - Another way of showing respect to the elders when
greeting them. This is done by putting their elders’ hand on their
foreheads.
 Filipinos also show respect at work by making a bow to their
employers.

3. Strong Family Ties and Religion

Filipino value their families so much that they tend to keep families intact
through the generations. Families go to church and pray together because their
religion is important and creates a strong bond, marking God as the center of their
lives.

4. Generosity and Helpfulness

Aside from being hospitable, Filipinos are also well-known for being generous.
They share what they have to the people around them even when they only have
little.

When you will be in trouble, Filipinos cannot refuse to help you. They are
always willing to assist you or lend a hand.

5. Strong Work Ethics

Another good thing most Filipinos have is being hardworking people. They are
always willing to work almost the day to provide the needs of their families. Filipino
farmers though earning so little but they work harder with not much compensation.

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NEGATIVE TRAITS OF FILIPINOS

1. Fatalism (Bahala Na or Come What May” Attitude)

An attitude of “What Goes Around Comes Around”. Filipinos have a tendency

to surrender the future to luck. They have that strong confidence that everything will
work out on his interest without doing anything. Filipinos often accepts bad news or
circumstances without trying to stop or change them.

2. Maῆana Habit (Procrastination)

True blooded Filipinos have the attitude of causing delays in accomplishing

things or making transactions. When not interested or not in the mood, they wait or
reserve until tomorrow or the next day to finish what they are doing or meeting their
transactions.

The “bahala na” attitude is the outcome of the “ma ῆana” habit when the task
are left undone. This is usually shown and even expressed by people who do not
care much of what lies ahead and just leave everything in fate.

3. Ningas Cogon

Most Filipinos are very good at the start when doing something. Nevertheless,
after a few hours or days, that excitement to do or accomplish something is lost and
become too lazy to finish what were have started.

4. Disobedience to Simple Rules and Instructions

Some Filipinos, despite of the understanding of the purpose of laws and

ordinances have inability to observe and follow them. Consequently, crime
victimization and accident rate in the Philippines are constantly rising, poverty is
getting more rampant and lifestyle development is relaxed.

5. Other Negative traits

Some Filipino women give birth at an early age (Teenage Pregnancy). Some
just don’t mind their own business. Some have bad habits, like drinking, smoking,
etc. Some poor teenagers engage in prostitution. There are many broken families.
Most Filipinos tend to be with friends most of the time than to be with their parents.

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FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY

Three Main Traits Underscoring Filipino Values

1. Personalism

Filipinos valued interpersonal relationship. It is firmly believed that harmonious

personal relationship is the key to successful endeavors. Amicable settlement of
dispute is the primary means of restoring broken relationships and face-to- face open
forum is considered once conflict is recognized in an organization or the community.

2. Familialism

Filipinos are family-oriented. Development programs and projects in the

community are concentrated of the family. Decision on matters is centered on the
welfare and best interest of the family rather than on the betterment and interest of
some individuals.

3. Particularism

Displayed behavior by the individuals may it be good or bad is blamed against

the family. It is based on the principle that home is the cradle of human personality
and character that is, the product of goodness is always good and those who are
molded in the wickedness, will always show-off badness.

Conformity to proper codes of conduct reaps rewards of cooperation and

assistance; non-conformity is punished by withdrawal of support.

FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION

Values Orientation - is the approach that may influence work or social relationships
by person’s relating to objects, events and ideas.

Three Main Obligations Underlying Filipino Value Orientation:

The rational or face to face interactions and their resulting responsibilities are
called interpersonal obligations. This is in relation to the value in Filipino cultural
orientation, the personalism. Pakikiramay, pakikisama, bayanihan and galang are
the nature of interpersonal relationships that are inherent to the pure-blooded Filipino
people.

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1. Pakikiramay

It is in the Filipino value of going out of the way to help, without being asked,
i.e.unsolicited help.

2. Pakikisama

Regardless whether someone’s views are agreeable or not, Filipinos are

capable of getting along with it. Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and loyalty are
enhanced and developed by this Filipino value.

3. Bayanihan

As mentioned in the preceding topics, Filipinos are able to render services

and generous enough to extend help without compensation. Somebody can request
help in time of need from those to whom it is extended.

4. Galang

Filipinos are basically oriented to revere to the opinions of elders, peers or

those in authority, during important discussions during social encounters. Verbal
clash or any sign of extreme familiarity in public meetings is a sign of disrespect to
elders or persons in authority.

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CHAPTER 3

NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Aims and Learning outcomes:

That students can:
1. Understand the Concept of Nationalism and Patriotism
2. Differentiate nationalism from patriotism
3. Learn the different types of Nationalism and Patriotism

BASIC CONCEPTS OF NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Nationalism is an ideology and movement defined by promoting the interests

of a particular nation, in particular with the aim of acquiring and maintaining the
nation’s sovereignty over its country of origin (Smith 2010).

It also aims to build and maintain a single national identity, based on shared
social characteristics such as culture, language, religion, politics and beliefs in a
distinctive shared history, and to promote national unity or solidarity. (Yack, 2012).

Nationalism therefore seeks to preserve and encourage a nation’s traditional

culture, and cultural revivals have been connected to nationalist movements. It also
fosters pride in domestic accomplishment and is strongly associated with patriotism
(Triandafyllidou, 1998).

TYPES OF NATIONALISM

Nationalism can be expressed along civil, ethnic, cultural, religious or

ideological lines. These self-definitions of countries are used to classify distinct kinds
of nationalism, although these categories are not mutually exclusive and many
nationalist movements combine to differing degrees some or all of these
components.

1. Ethnic Nationalism (Ethnonationalism)

The country is described from prior generations in terms of ethnicity and

descent. It also involves the concept of shared culture among group members, and
generally a shared language. The word “Ethnonationalism” is usually used only in
relation to nationalists who support an explicit ideology along these lines; the more
generic word is “ethnic nationalism” and is used by nationalist who hold such view in
an informal, instinctive, or unsystematic manner.

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2. Civic Nationalism

The state derives political legitimacy from its citizen’s active involvement and
the extent to which it reflects the “will of the individuals”. Civic nationalism lies within
the traditions of rationalism and liberalism, but it is contrasted with ethnic nationalism
as a type of nationalism.

3. Expansionist Nationalism

A radical form of imperialism that includes independent, patriotic feelings with

a faith in expansionism, generally through military aggression. The word was coined
in the late 19th century as European powers indulged in the Scramble for Africa in the
name of domestic glory, but was most closely linked with militarist governments in
the 20th century.

Nations are not believed to be equivalent to their right to self-determination;

some countries are believed to possess features or qualities that make them
superior to others. Therefore, expansionist nationalism argues the right of the state
to expand its boundaries at the cost of its neighbors.

4. Romantic Nationalism

It is otherwise known as organic nationalism and identity nationalism. It is a

form of ethnic nationalism in which the states derives political legitimacy as a result
and expression of the nation’s natural. It is based on the presence of a historical
ethnic culture that meets the romantic ideal.

5. Cultural Nationalism

The country is described by shared culture, not solely civic or ethnic.

However, a traditional culture can be more readily integrated into the lives of any
person, particularly if the person can obtain his/her abilities at an early point of his or
her lives. (Conversi, 2008).

6. Third World Nationalism

Nationalist feeling are the outcome of opposition to colonial rule to survive and
maintain a domestic identity.

7. Liberal Nationalism

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Liberal Nationalist often defend the importance of domestic identity, by stating

that people need a domestic identity to lead a meaningful and independent life.
(Kymlicka, 1995).

8. Religious Nationalism

Nationalism’s connection to a specific religious faith, church or affiliation. It

can be seen that a shared religion contributes to a sense of domestic unity and a
mutual bond between the nation’s people. The support of a national identity,
comparable to a shared ethnicity, language or culture is another political element of
religion. More ideological is the impact of religion on politics, where present
interpretations of religious concepts inspire political activism and action; for instance,
legislation are enacted to encourage stricter religious adherence. (Juergensmeyer,
1996).

9. Revolutionary Nationalism

Revolutionary nationalism is an ideological theory that calls for a domestic

group, united by a shared sense of intent and destiny, also known as a radical
nationalism. It was first ascribed and strongly promulgated by Benito Mussolini the
followers of revolutionary syndicalism.

10. Left-Wing Nationalism

Left-wing nationalism, also sometimes referred to as socialist nationalism,

relates to any political movement combining left-wing or socialism with nationalism.
Notable examples include the 26 July Movement of Fidel Castro, which launched the
Cuban Revolution in 1959 to oust the American-backed Fulgencio Batista.

PATRIOTISM

Patriotism or national pride is a sense of love, dedication and attachment to a

country and an alliance with other people who share the same impression. This
attachment can be a mixture of many distinct emotions, including ethnic, cultural,
political or historical elements, related to one’s own country. One who is patriotic will
be willing to offer any sacrifice to his nation.

The English word “patriot” is originated from Latin word “patriota” meaning
“countrymen” and from the Greek word “patriotes”, meaning “from the same nation”
(patris), meaning “Fatherland”. (Liddell & Scott, 2013)

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KINDS OF PATRIOTISM.

1. Patriotism of Duty

This includes fidelity to one’s nation through material acts. This is military
service patriotism and other selfless sacrifice types. This is where patriotism
becomes embodied and its ideals takes praiseworthy particular actions.

2. Patriotism of Affection

This is the patriotism of the heart. It is about one’s internal desire for his
country’s well-being. The patriotism of affection can be seen in the patriotism of duty,
but it does not necessarily result in it; one can truly love his country and yet be a
coward, just as one can theoretically fulfil a patriotic duty and yet feel apathetic about
the country’s welfare.

3. Patriotism of Manners

This is custom patriotism, written and unwritten. The patriotism of manners is

to place one’s hands over the heart during national anthem. It can be performed by
anyone without actually needing affection or duty of patriotism.

TYPES OF PATRIOTISM

1. Personal Patriotism – it is emotional and voluntary. The patriot adheres to certain

patriotic values, such as respect for the flag or the honoring of the veterans. Other
expressions of personal patriotism including enlisting in the army, public service, and
participation in the political process through voting or other forms of activism.

2. Official Patriotism – Promoted by the government which has a high symbolic and
ceremonial content. It is a logical consequence of the state itself, which derives
legitimacy from being the expression of the common good of the political community.
Official patriotism relies heavily on symbolic acts, such as displaying the flag, singing
the national anthem, saying a pledge, participating in a mass rally, placing a patriotic
bumper sticker on one’s vehicle, or any other way of publicly proclaiming allegiance
to the state.

3. Symbolic Patriotism – In wartime is intended to raise morale, in turn contributing

to the war effort.

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4. Peacetime Patriotism – Cannot be so easily linked to a measurable gain for the

state, but the patriot does not see it as inferior.

Levels of patriotism vary across time, and among political communities.

Typically, patriotic intensity is higher when the state is under external threat.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM;

PATRIOTISM NATIONALISM
 Both are people’s feelings of affection  Both are people’s feelings of affection for
for their nation. their nation.
 Feelings are based on the country’s  Based on the belief that one’s nation is
positive values – like liberty, justice and superior to all others.
equality.
 Patriots do not degrade other countries  Nationalists do.

 Patriot is proud of his nation for what it  Nationalist is proud of his nation whatever
does. it does.

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CHAPTER 5
FILIPINO CORE VALUES

Aims and Learning outcomes:

That students can:
1. Learn the Basic Concept of Values
2. Identify the Models of the Filipino Values
3. Determine the Philippine National Police core values

Basic Concept of Values

Core values are a person’s or organization’s fundament beliefs. These guiding

principles dictate conduct and can assist individuals to know the distinction between
right and wrong. It also assists organizations by establishing an unwavering guide to
determine if they are on the correct track and fulfill their objectives. Values are
essential because they assist us to grow. They assist us to build the future that we
want to experience. (Caballero N, Barican S, 2021).

Filipino Values System

Race strains and cultural components such as Aeta have derived Filipino
values. Indonesians, Malayan, Hindu and Chinese who created our moral scruples
core. Cultural individuality combined with Spain-derived cultural components. The
U.S and the contemporary planetary society (Panopio and Rolda. 2000). You can
find Filipinos in almost every part of the globe. We rejoice at the sight of other co-
Filipinos when we’re in a foreign nation as if there’s something that connect us.

The Filipino value system relates to the set of values or the value system that
has historically been held by a majority of Filipinos in their life. This system of
Philippine values involves the distinctive combination of coherent ideologies, moral
codes, ethical procedures, cultural etiquette and private values promoted by the
Philippine society. However, as with any culture, the values held sacred by any
person may vary on the grounds of religion, education, and other variables.
As a general description, Filipinos’ separate value system is mainly rooted in private
alliance systems, particularly those based on kinship, duty, friendship, religion
(especially Christianity) and business interactions.

Models of the Filipino Values

1. Exogenous or Foreign Model

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A legal and formal model is defined as the international model, Filipinos from
Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the Americans, inherited the
foreign model. An example of foreign or exogenous impact is the bureaucracy
displayed in the Philippine government.
2. Indigenous Model or the Traditional Model
Described as a traditional and non-formal model or guide, the indigenous
model is deeply integrated in the Filipino subconscious.

Structures and Elements of Filipino Values

The Filipino value system is known to possess significant key components

based on research, surveys, observation, anecdotes and other literatures developed
by scholars and researchers in relation to Filipino social values or core values,
together with the Filipino character or identity of a person or individual known as
Filipino.

One may notice how Hiya (ownership/dignity),Pakikisama

(companionship/esteem), and Utang na Loob (gratitude/solidarity) are simply
Surface Values- readily seen and appreciated by many Filipinos. These three values
are deemed branches of a single origin – The Filipino personality’s real core value –
Kapwa.

The values of the Filipinos specifically uphold the following elements: family
unit solidarity, security of the Philippine economy, orientation towards small-groups,
personalism, and the concepts of “loob” or “kalooban” existence and maintenance of
smooth interpersonal relationships, and the sense of the self.

In a broader image, these values are categorized into particular clusters or

“macro clusters”.
1. Cluster of Relationship
2. Social Cluster
3. Cluster of livelihood
4. Cluster of Inwardness
5. Cluster of Optimism.

Five Core Filipino Values

Based on Dr. Ramirez’s study “The Filipino Worldview and Values” and her
perspectives as a phenomenological sociologist from centuries of practice, here are
the Five Core Filipino Values based on a Filipino’s Basic Aspirations.

1. Mapagpasalamat
This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Pamumuhay” (Life) and “Pananalig
sa Diyos at Kapwa” (God and People Faith). Filipinos understand how life can be
enjoyed. We have plenty of vacations, celebrations, occasions, and meetings.

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Filipinos are cheerful and sociable, of course. Even in depressing circumstances, we

wear smiles on our faces. That’s because we’re always looking at life’s bright side.
2. Matatag
Filipinos, being in a nation susceptible to natural disasters, have adjusted and
learned to be powerful n moments of need and in difficult circumstances that life
throws at us. This power is derived from our love for our family and our belief in the
greater being. This is based on Filipino’s “Kaayusan” (order) aspiration.
3. Masigasig
We do everything we can to get it when Filipinos dream of something. We’re
doing it for our loved ones and relatives. This is based on the “Kasaganaan”
(Abundance) and “Ginhawa” (Relief) aspiration of Filipinos. Not for himself, but for
his family, a Filipino aspires to abundance. Masaganang Bagong Taon (Bountiful
New Year) is the Filipino translation for Happy New Year because we match
happiness and celebration with abundance.
4. Mapagmalasakit
It is because of our family love extended to friends, neighbors and others that
naturally sympathetic Filipinos. This compassion allows us to assist others without in
exchange asking for anything. This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Loob at
Damdamin” and “Kapwa” (Other People). “Loob” is the seat of the dignity of the
Philippines. Filipino’s personality is expressed in his “kalooban”. Filipinos tune in the
“kalooban” of each other by checking the situation of each other and talking about
the life of each other.
5. Magalang
The use of po, opo, and pagmamano (Hand kissing). Are separate methods of
regard for Filipino people. We say these phrases and use this gesture to
demonstrate our respect and love to elderly. The Filipino’s respect is not just limited
to the elderly but also to other properties, emotion, and ideas.

The Philippine National Police Core Values:

Being a noble profession the police service demands from its member’s
specialized understanding and abilities, as well as great standard of ethics and
morality.

The members of Philippine National Police must therefore conform to and

internalize the key principles of:

 Love of God
 Respect for authority
 Respect for Women
 Respect for sanctity of marriage
 Stewardship over material things
 Responsible dominion
 Truthfulness

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The Police service in the Philippines is expressed in the acronym SERVICE

which is stands for:
 Servant hood
 Excellence
 Responsibility with Accountability
 Valuing people and Respect for human rights
 Integrity
 Courage
 Empowerment

 Servant hood
As police affirm its unconditional service and love for the nation and individuals.
Police value a supportive and professional role serves and protects it clientele and
community with honesty, utmost devotion and commitment above private concern

 Excellence
Police are committed in doing and making things occur effectively and efficiently
in all of their efforts as they strive to accomplish more consistently and outstandingly
with tangible outcomes and far beyond their best.

 Responsibility with Accountability

Police carry out and execute their responsibilities and tasks as their moral duty is
to serve the public with due diligence and always bearing in mind that they are
accountable and duty bound to promote the public interest.

 Valuing people and Respect for Human Rights

Police always maintain their fellow human beings’ dignity whenever they cater
their needs and are delicate and cautious in serving and protecting them with
compassion and utmost regard for their human rights.

 Integrity
Police take an uncompromising and coherent position in the fulfillment of their
obligation to live an honest, upright and dignified life according to the highest ethical
and moral norms where their advocacy, values and convictions are compatible with
their words and actions.

 Courage
From their moral strength police draw their collective and individual power of
approach to always accept difficult duties, and they are courageous enough to speak
out against temptation, anomalies corruption, and exploitation and stand firm.

 Empowerment

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Police reach out and create bridges of collaboration, nurture volunteerism and
operate in harmony with their clientele by training individuals for a better and safer
society in the process.

CHAPTER 6
1987 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION:

Aims and Learning outcomes:

That students can:
1. Familiarize the Philippine Preamble
2. Discuss the Article 1,2&6 of the 1987 Constitution
3. Discuss the Gender and Development in the Philippines

PREAMBLE

We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order
to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody
our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our
patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence
and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love,
equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.

ARTICLE l (National Territory)

The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands
and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains,
including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other
submarine areas. The waters around between, the connecting the islands of the
archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, from part of the internal
waters of the Philippines.

ARTICLE lI (Declaration of Principles and State Policies)

 Sec 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.
 Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy,
adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law
of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.
 Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military.
 Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the
people.
 Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty,
and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the
enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.
 Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable

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ARTICLE XV (THE FAMILY)

 Section 1. The State recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the
nation.
 Section 2. Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the
family and shall be protected by the State.
 Section 3. The State shall defend:
(1) The right of spouses to found a family in accordance with their religious
convictions and the demands of responsible parenthood;
(2) The right of children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition,
and special protection from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation
and other conditions prejudicial to their development;
(3) The right of the family to a family living wage and income; and
(4) The right of families or family associations to participate in the planning
and implementation of policies and programs that affect them.
 Section 4. The family has the duty to care for its elderly members but the
State may also do so through just programs of social security.

RELATED PHILIPPINE LAWS THAT PROMOTES NATIONALISM AND

PATRIOTISM

1. Republic Act No. 10086 – An act strengthening people’s nationalism through

Philippines history by changing the nomenclature of the National Historical Institute
into the National Historical Commission of the Philippines, strengthening its powers
and functions, and powers and functions, and for other purposes; also known as the
Philippine Cultural Heritage Act of 2010.
2. Republic Act 8044 – also known as the Youth in Nation-Building Act; an act
creating the National Youth Commission, establishing a National Comprehensive and
Coordinated Program on Youth Development, Appropriating funds therefore, and for
other purposes.
3. Republic Act No. 1425 – an act to include in the curricula of all public and private
schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the
printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
4. The 1987 Constitution
5. Republic Act. No. 10390 – an act amending Republic Act no. 7306, entitled “an
act providing for the establishment of the people’s television functions network,
incorporated, defining its powers and functions, providing for its sources of funding
and for other purposes; also known as “An Act Revitalizing the People’s Television
Network, Incorporated.”

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6. Republic Act No. 9512 – approved last December 12, 2008; also known as an
act to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for
other purposes or the National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008.
7. Republic Act 8491 - or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines,”
mandates that reverence and respect shall be accorded at all times to the Philippine
flag, the national anthem and other national symbols that embody the country’s
ideals and traditions, and express the principles of sovereignty and national
solidarity.

Gender and Development

Philippines Commission on Women defined Gender and Development as the

development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering
equitable, sustainable free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of
self-determination and actualization of human potentials.

Gender and Development (GAD) approach focuses on the socially

constructed basis of differences between men and women and emphasizes the need
to challenge existing gender roles and relations.

GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT RELATED LAWS AND ISSUANCES IN THE

PHILIPPINES.

Republic Act No. 9710 (Magna Carta of Women)

Approved on August 14, 2009 which mandates for non-discriminatory and pro-
gender equality and equity measures to enable women’s participation in the
formulation, implementation and evaluation of policies, and plan for national,
regional, and local development.

Memorandum Circular No. 2011 -01 dated October 21, 2011

Addressing to all Government Departments including their attached agencies,
offices, bureaus, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) Government –Owned and
Controlled Corporations (GOCCs) and all other government instrumentalities as their
guidelines and procedures for the establishment, strengthening and
institutionalization of the Gender and Development (GAD) Focal Point System
(GFPS).

Republic Act 7877 – Anti – Sexual Harassment Act of 1995.

Republic Act 9262 – Anti- Violence against Women and Their Children Act of 2004.

1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Sec. 14)

The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote
the Fundamental Equality before the law of women and men.

Memorandum Circular No.48 Series of 2013.

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Directing all concerned government agencies to adopt the Gender Equality

Guidelines in the development of their respective Media Policies and Implementing
Programs in order to promote gender mainstreaming.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Camaraderie- The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the
police organization, extending to the people they serve in manifested by the PNP
members’ deep commitment and concern for one another.
Courtesy – A manifestation of expression of consideration and respect for others.
Customs - Established usage or social practices carried on by tradition that have
obtained the force of law
Discipline- PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times in keeping
with the rules and regulations of the organization.
Half-Mast – The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed
members of the command.
Moonlighting– An act of a member of the PNP pursuing or following any calling or
occupation or the act of engaging in any business, which includes but not limited to
all activities, jobs, work, and similar functions, performed, engaged in or undertaken
by him, in or off duty hours with or without compensation, which is inconsistent or
incompatible with the PNP duties and/or functions.
Morality- PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and
shall set good examples for others to follow
Nationalism and patriotism - Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal
to the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced
goods, resources and technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country
and people. They shall endeavor to maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty
against foreign intrusion.
Patriotism- The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest
their love of country with a pledge of allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the
constitution.
Police Lifestyle - The PNP shall promote and maintain a lifestyle for its members
which the public will find credible and respectable. The public expects a police officer
to live a simple and dignified life. They must be free from greed corruption and
exploitation
Police Ethics – It is the practical science that treats the principle of human morality
and duty as applied to law enforcement.
Public Official – Includes elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent
or temporary, whether in the career or non- career service, including military and
police personnel, whether they receive compensation or not, regardless of amount

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Salute – Salute is the usual greetings rendered by uniformed members upon

meeting and recognizing person entitled to a salute.
Salute to National Color and Standard – Members stand at attention and salute the
national color and standard as these pass by them or when the national color is
raised or lowered during ceremonies.
Social Decorum – A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social
activities and other functions
Traditions – Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law.
Valor- History attests that the Filipino law enforcers have exemplified the tradition of
valor in defending the country from aggression and oppression and
protecting/preserving the life and property of the people. They sacrificed their limbs
and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.

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References:
1987 Constitution

Abueva, J. (1999)

Hays, J (2008). Filipino Character Personality

Patriotism. Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.) (2005). Oxford University Pres.

Triandafyllidou, A (1998).” National Identity and the Other”. Ethnic and Racial
Studies.

People of the Philippines vs. Noel Lee, G.R No.139070, May 29, 2002.

Dr. Mina Ramirez December 26, 2014 Five Core Filipino Values – Character for the
Better https:// www.chuckiedreyfus.ph/2014/12/five-core-filipino-values-change-for-
the-better/

Yack, B. (2012). Nationalism and the Moral Psychology of Community. University of

Chicago Press. P. 142

Longley, R. (2019). What is Patriotism? Definition, Examples, Pros and Cons.

Retrieved from https// www.thoughtco.com/patriotism-and-nationalism-4178864

Caballero N., Barican (2021). Character Formation Nationalism and Patriotism

Internet

Encyclopedia.com

your.dictionary.com

pnp.gov.ph

https:// phdessay.com./ the development-of-filipino-nationalism/

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