‫د‪ .

‬حتسني البدري‬
 ‫دری‪‍،‬تحسین‪‍ ‍-‍‬ ‍۷۴۳۱‍،‬‬
‫‍ب ‍‬
‫النقلیالحديث‪‍/‬تحسین‍البدری‪‍ ‍.‬‬
‫‍‬ ‫‍‬
‫والمنهج‬‫البحثالعلمی‍‬
‫‍‬ ‫‍‬
‫مناهج‬ ‫عنوان‍و‍نام‍پديدآور‍‪‍:‬‬
‫زمین‪‍ ‍.‬۷۴۳۱‍،‬‬
‫‍مشخصات‍نشر‍‪‍:‬تهران‍فرهنگ‍مشرق‍ ‍‬
‫‍مشخصات‍ظاهری‍‍‪‍۴۱۳‍:‬ص‬‪‍ ‍.‬‬
‫‪‍ ‍۳۱8-۱00-۱5۳۴-۷۴-۳‬‬
‫‬‬ ‫‍شابک‍‪‍:‬‬
‫‍وضعیت‍فهرست‍نويسی‍‪‍:‬فیپا‍ ‍‬
‫‍يادداشت‍‪‍:‬عربی‪‍ ‍.‬‬
‫‍يادداشت‍‪‍:‬کتابنامه‪‍:‬ص‪۴۱0‍-‍]۴۱۱[‍.‬؛‍همچنین‍به‍صورت‍زيرنويس‪‍ ‍.‬‬
‫روششناسی‍ ‍‬
‫‍موضوع‍‪‍:‬تحقیق‍‪‍ ‍--‬‬
‫‍موضوع‍‪‍ ‍Research -- Methodology‍:‬‬
‫‍رده‍بندی‍کنگره‍‍‪8 ۷۴۳۱55/۷80Q‍:‬م‪۳‬ب‪‍ ‬/‬‬
‫‍رده‍بندی‍ديويی‍‍‪‍ ‍۳۴/00۷‍:‬‬
‫‪‍ ‍50۴۳08۳‬‬
‫‬‬ ‫‍شماره‍کتابشناسی‍ملی‍‪‍:‬‬

‫‪Email pmzamin@gmail.com‬‬
Hypotheses

Samples
System approach

(Process)

(Feed back)
 Models Approach

Descriptive Method
 Survey Studies

Public opinion survey

School survey

Job analysis

Content analysis

Social Survey
Case Study
observation
Historical Method
External criticism

Internal criticism
‫المصادر ‪762 .................. ................................ ................................‬‬
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
.

.
 (Baconian method)

(Opus majus)

(method)
(Research Methodology / Methodology)

.
.

.
.
.

.
(Methodology)
(Formal
logic, traditional logic, syllogistic logic or Aristotelian logic)

.
.
Novum Organum)
.

.
.
.
(logic)
.

.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
(Intuitive)

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
 (quantative methods)

(Qualtative methods)

.
.
 (Whitney)
(Prognostic)

(Marquis)

(Good and scates)

.
.
 (Objectivity)

(Subjectivity)
(Testability and Accuracy)

(Replicability)

(Parsimony)

.
(Positivism)

(Empericism)
(Objectivity)

.
 deductive method
experimental method
Hypotheses

.
(Postulate) (Assumptions)

(Axiom)

.
.
.

.
.
(Anticipation of nature)

.
.
‬

.
.
 .4

Explatory Studies
Analytical & Experimental

.
 Intuition

imagination

.
.
(independent variable)
(dependent variable)
(Null hypotheses)

(alternative hypotheses)
.
.
(Model)
.
‬
 Samples

(Population Research) (study population)

.
Sampling
.
.
Confidence interval

.
.
.
(Standard
(Sampling error) Deviation)

‬ 6‬=‬5‬÷‬03‬=‬4‬+‬6‬+‬8‬+‬7‬+‬5‬
‬ 13‬=‬ 4‬+‬ 3‬+‬ 4‬+‬ 1‬+‬ 1
‬ 2‬=‬)5(‬÷‬13

7
√7

(n)
n

2.5‬=‬)1‬-‬5(‬÷‬13

7
√7 5
 7
0‬=‬4‬÷‬12‬=‬ √66‬÷

.
0‬+ ‬ 0

.
.
.
.
.
 (Stratified Sample)

(Quota Sample)

(Simple random sample)

 (Purposeful Sample)
(Conveniece Sample)

Accidental Sample

(Area Sample)

.
 (Cluster Sample)

(Double Sample)

(No probability samples) (Probability Samples)

(Sampling)

.
(Avarage / Arithmatic Mean /
Mean)
(Standard Deviation)

.
(Variation Measures)
System approach
(Output) (Input)
 (Series relations)

(Paralleled relations)

.
(outputs) (Inputs)
(Process)
(Feed back)
(Closed system)
(Open system)
Models Approach

(Modeling)
.
Symbolic or Mathematical

.
 (Deterministic models)
(Cause and
effect)
(Probabilistic models)

(Experimental Models)

(Scale Model)

(Analogue Model)

(Natural models)
Descriptive models

Predictive Models

Normative Models

.
physical Models

Abstract Models
Descriptive Method

(Frederic Le Play)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Survey Studies

.
.
.
 Public opinion survey
School survey

.
 Job analysis
Content analysis
Social survey

Public opinion survey

School survey

.
Job analysis

.
Content analysis

.
.
.
.
.
(Willson
and Dalrymple)

.
.
.
.
.
.
 (H. Lasswell)

“Who, says what to whom, how and with what effect”

.
 (Theme)

(Character)

(Item)
.
Social Survey
.
.
.
.
.
2
.

.
.
Correlations and
Reciprocal Relations Studies

Interrelationship
 study
1

Case Study

.
W. Healy

.
7

.
.
.
Causative Scientific Studies

.
.
.
Correlation Studies

₊
-

.
 -
-
-

Propensity Studies

.
.
 (Development researches)

(Growth study)

(Longtudinal method)

(Cross-Sectional method)
.
observation


.
.
.

.


.
.
.
accedental

.
(Qualtitative
method)
(Quantitative method)

.
.
.
(Complete Participant)

.
.
Experimental Method

.
-
-

.
-

.
.

.
-

-
.
.
.
 (independent variable)

(dependent variable)

(Expermental variable)

.
 (Measurement)

(Transferming)

SPSS
Excel
(experimental group)
(control group)
.
.
.

.
.
Organicistes

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
Laboratory and Field
Experiments
 Active experiment
Passive experiment
(Agreement method)

(diffrence method)

.
(Joint of agreement and
difference)

(method of concomitant variation)

(method of residues)
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Historical Method

.
.
.
.

.
.
Historism
(Generalization)
.
 Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
.
.
External criticism
Internal criticism
c

N
.
.
.
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 RESEARCH METHODS
AND
THE NEW BASED ON ISLAMIC
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