FOUR BASIC BIOMOLECULES

Lipids
The water-fearing
biomolecule
 Make sure you are reminded
of the following before we
start:
Sit properly. Use hand signals to excuse oneself
during class
Raise your hand and stand up properly before
reciting. Prepare your materials before the class
begins.
Let's begin with
a prayer :)
FOUR BASIC BIOMOLECULES

Lipids
The water-fearing
biomolecule
 Categorize biological
1 macromolecules based on
their structure and function.
Objectives:
Identify and draw basic
building blocks of the four
2
major classes of biological
molecules.
 List the functions of each
3 type of the four major
biological macromolecules.
Objectives:
Explain the role of each
biological molecule in
4
specific metabolic
processes.
Today's Activity!
Build your own membrane!
Instructions
Prepare the following materials: scissors,
tape or glue, and the worksheet given by
your teacher.

Create your very own cellular membrane

using the worksheet provided by the
teacher.

Time limit: 15 minutes <3

Question!
Based on your cellular
membrane, what is the
salient feature of the lipids
found on your membrane?
Question!
What's the implication of having
such feature or characteristic in
the cell membrane?
 Fat
Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of fat
What are the two smaller molecules of fat?
 Fat
Glycerol: three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl
group attached to each carbon
 Fat
Fatty acid: consists of a carboxyl group attached to a
long carbon skeleton, often 16 to 18 carbons long
 Question!
What is the name of the
fatty acid previously
shown based on the
number of carbons and
double bonds?
Question!
What is the name of
the fatty acid
previously shown
based on the
number of carbons
and double bonds?
 Fat
Fat molecule
(triacylglycerol)
=3 fatty acids
attached to a
glycerol by
ester linkages
Types of fat:
1 Saturated Fat
no double bonds
carbon cannot react to
another oxygen
Saturated
Fat
no double bonds
carbon cannot
react to other
oxygen
Types of fat:
2 Unsaturated Fat
shows a double bond
kink makes it less
stable
Unsaturated
Fat
shows a double
bond
kink makes it less
stable
So, in
comparison...
saturated Fat UNsaturated Fat
Solid at room temp. Liquid at the same room
Most animal fats temperature
No double bonds Plant and fish fats
every possible position is Double bonds exist
saturated with hydrogens between carbon atoms
Can block blood vessels kink in cis double bond
(atherosclerosis)
saturated Fat UNsaturated Fat
Solid at room temp. Liquid at the same room temperature
Most animal fats Plant and fish fats
No double bonds Double bonds exist between carbon atoms
every possible position is saturated with kink in cis double bond
hydrogens
Can block blood vessels (atherosclerosis)
Cis- and Trans-
fatty acid
H on the same side

H on opposite sides
easier to solidify
Hydrogenated fats
Hydrogen is synthetically
added to vegetable oils
Converts unsaturated fats to
saturated fats
Prevents lipids from
separating out as oil
Hydrogenated fats
Peanut butter and margarine
Produces unsaturated fats
with trans double bonds that
are known to contribute
more atherosclerosis
Functions of
lipids
Energy Storage
A gram of fat stores more
than twice as much energy as
a gram of polysaccharide
such as starch.
Energy Storage
Mammals store fats as
long-term energy reserved in
adipose cells that swell and
shrink as fat is deposited and
withdrawn from storage
Cushion vital
organs
adipose tissue on kidneys
Insulation
Layers of fat
Phospholipids
Phospholipids
The major
component of cell
membrane
Two fatty acids
(tails)-hydrophobic
Phosphate group
(head)-hydrophilic
Phospholipid bilayer
 Steroids
Biologically active
organic compound with
four rings arranged in a
specific molecular
configuration.
What are their
structural differences?
 Steroids
Steroids are hormones
that occur naturally in
the body. Steroid
medicines are man-made
and are similar to the
natural hormones made
in the body.
 Anabolic Steroids
Synthetic substances that mimic
the effects of testosterone.
Used to increase muscle size,
strength, and performance and
are commonly associated with
athletic performance
enhancement and bodybuilding
Exit ticket!
Question!
Do margarine and
vegetable oil from plants
have cholesterol?
What may happen if you
have high levels of
cholesterol in the blood
Let's End with a
prayer :)
Thank You!